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However, due to the destructive effects of colonialism in Africa, Western efforts on the part of missionaries to eliminate female circumcision have been largely unsuccessful. Fears of weakening traditional customs and the perceived ill effects of western influences seem to be at the root of the resistance to change.
In civilized societies, especially those with large immigrant populations, the issue has gained legislative recognition and action. Countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia and France have criminalized the practice. In Canada for instance, female genital "mutilation" is condoned only where it can be proved to be of benefit to the physical health of the person, or where it will restore the person's reproductive functions or sexual appearance. But even at that, the person must be at least eighteen years of age and there must be no resulting bodily harm.
Female circumcision has raised a number of human rights issues including the rights of women, the rights of children, the right to good health and the right to development. Because female circumcision transcends geopolitical borders, it has become an international issue.
The United Nations has been playing a leading role in formulating and coordinating actions against female circumcision. For instance, in 1984, the Inter-African Committee (IAC) on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children was formed by delegates to a conference held in Dakar, Senegal. The IAC believes in a soft approach to the abolition of female circumcision and, in addition to the support of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), has gained the support of some of the African ruling elite. Its national chapters in Africa conduct information campaigns in Africa showing the harmful effects of traditional practices. Despite the fact that many nations have ratified conventions that lay down international standards in relation to female circumcision, the lack of political will to enforce these conventions has meant that these standards are seldom upheld.
In Nigeria, the Upper Legislative House is set to pass a law banning female genital mutilation with a two-year jail term for offenders. The bill, which is currently being considered by the Senate, was unanimously passed by the House of Representatives last year. Given the differences in attitudes towards female circumcision, it is unlikely that a purely legal solution to the issue such as a prohibition will bring this practice to a halt. Instead, a great deal of work needs to be done in educating the public as well as the affected populations that circumcision is a practice that has outlived its purpose. Rigorous, culture-sensitive campaigns are needed if the attitude of the populations practicing it is to be changed.
All international NGOs must rise up once again and fight this demon from the society. The world is now operating under a globalized environment; efforts should be geared toward reducing female circumcision in our society.
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Adeshola
Adeshola Komolafe
Founder/Researcher
SAVE OUR FUTURE
Abuja
Nigeria
www.desholakomolafe.com
Email: adesholakomolafe@yahoo.com
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