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                    <title>TIGblogs - Dr.Muhammad Mukhtar Alam's TIGBlog</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/</link> 
                    <description>What's on the minds of young leaders from around the globe?</description> 
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                    <title>Carbon Neutral Neighbourhood Discussions of CEASIG, India</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/575567</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Multiplying Carbon Neutral Neighborhood Discussions (CNNDs) for reducing the emission of GHGs<br />
-Dr. Muhammad Mukhtar Alam <br />
<br />
The reports on the impacts of climate change caused by the globalization of non-renewable resource based consumption, production, habitats and transport and so on are well known such as global warming, deforestation, rise in sea level, melting of glaciers and others. Internal Panel on Climate on Climate Change has been producing reports on the impacts of the climate change. We need to work for minimizing the emissions of the green house gases. Climate change through with rise in temperature of earth, change in rainfall patterns caused due to emission of gases that is raising the temperature of earth as the amount of green house gases generated is much more than the capacity of the green cover for absorbing. Impact are being felt everywhere with impacts beyond the national boundaries. There are several recorded evidences that has caused nations to take on the challenge of global warming .Since 1997 UN intergovernmental panel on climate change has been meeting and deliberating on the issue . There are several national responses and international agreements. Recently China and US has expressed agreement work on climate. Speaking on occasion of APEC summit in Sydney, Australia Mr. Hu Jintao maintained that “the United Nations Framework convention  remain the main channel for the international efforts” to address climate change (The Hindu, September 7, 2007). <br />
The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which emphasised the far-reaching consequences that continued global warming would have across the world, has given fresh impetus to finding solution to the problem. The summit meeting of the Group of Eight industrialised countries (G8) held  in June 2007 in Germany saw the launch of new initiatives for collective action by both rich nations and fast-growing developing countries to combat climate change.  In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC, the international body that has the task of weighing scientific evidence on climate change, pointed to definitive evidence that global atmospheric concentration of key greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide had “increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750”. These gases were trapping the Earth’s heat that would otherwise have radiated out into space. If the build-up of greenhouse gases and the resultant warming of the planet were allowed to continue unchecked, there would be irreversible damage to the eco-systems across the world with suffering for the billions. Already we have evidences about the villages in Gujarat relocating itself away from sea as more and more coastal area are getting submerged in the sea. <br />
<br />
Considering the urgent need to respond to climate change, Sewa, Labour League Foundation, Sufi Trust ,Centre for Ecological Audit,Social Inclusion and Governance, a joint initiative of Sewa,labour Foundaiton and Sufi Trust has suggested the following measures:<br />
<br />
1.Multiplication of carbon neutral neighbourhood discussions across the cities and villages: These discussions will be initiated by youth and community elders in the neighbourhood where they gather for collective prayer, discussions. The recommendations of the discussion simultaneous action may be presented in the form of a memorandum to the world leader gathered in various summits. The first summit that was covered was the Green House Gas Summit held in Indonesia. The discussions will have local, national and global impacts. Local impact will be generated through transformation of the leisure use pattern, consumption pattern. Email will be used for transmitting the message globally through the e-group posts. The discussions will be facilitated by volunteers or the resident welfare associations will be provided with discussion kits. Volunteers could  collect feedback on improving the mass communication strategies for reducing personal contribution to the green house gases. It is believed that the discussions on the urgency of reducing green house gases will lead to the transformation of personal level consumption patterns. CEASIG believes that personal responses are critical for transformation of the consumption of pattern. Unsustainable consumption patterns can be halted with the personal responses. Personal responses are always part of the global responses. Carbon neutral neighbourhood discussions (CNNDs) will multiply ecologically safe responses across the urban and rural areas.<br />
2.Multiplication of ecologically safe responses through promotion of green journalism: Production of analytical and advisory outputs through journalists is critical and they are one of the major stakeholders in shaping the opinions, consumption patterns. Journalists writing on lifestyle can substantially influence the consumption pattern of people in the urban. They can help in shaping the tastes and defining the choices. Journalists are important is generating democratic consensus for halting unsustainable consumption patterns. In our times, journalists play a very critical and sometimes they are responsible for defining the social, cultural and political trends. Labour League Foundation wishes to secure the future of working class with ecologically sustainable habitats, consumption patterns.<br />
3.Catalysing green politics /open politics: Labour league Foundation and Centre for Ecological Audit, Social Inclusion and Governance will be supporting the process for open and transparent politics for instilling the importance of green ideals. It will be organising meetings with the representatives of the various political parties and seek inclusion of ecological considerations in the election manifestoes.<br />
4.Transformation of leisure use patterns: Labour League Foundations wishes to realise the millennium development goals for eliminating the unsustainable consumption patterns and it wishes to do so through suggesting transformation of the leisure use pattern. It wishes to do so through suggesting adoption of faith based measures that are common across the religious texts. As indicated through the diagrammatic representation of the impact of adoption of faith based measures, it wishes to generate interfaith consensus for acting simultaneously for transforming the leisure use patterns. <br />
5.Calculation of ecological footprints, eliminating ecological rucksacks: Labour League Foundation wishes to disseminate the practice of measuring ecological footprints for getting the desired actions for reducing the number of decisions involving emission of green house gases.<br />
6.Ecological Audit of the consumption patterns: The ecological audit is a concept proposed by the chairman of Labour League Foundation and it will be used along with the calculation of ecological footprints for assessing the impact of various decision, consumption and production patterns.<br />
7.Ecological Audit of the production patterns: Production processes need to be assessed for sustainability. There are ecologically sustainable and unsustainable production processes. The workshops with corporations interested in realising the millennium development goals will be conducted for getting in the changes in production processes.<br />
8.Ecological Audit of the transport patterns: Renewable resource based transport systems are sustainable and non-renewable resource based transport systems are not sustainable. Ecological Audit of the transport systems will be done with ministries dealing with transport.<br />
9.Ecological Audit of the leisure use patterns: There are leisure use patterns that do not use green house gas producing fossil fuels and there are leisure use pattern that are based on renewable resources and that does not involve consumption of fossil fuels. Workshop with the neighbourhood discussion leaders and resident welfare associations be conducted for necessary transformation of leisure use patterns. Children, youths and elders be encouraged to adopt faith based measures for relaxation and stress busting.<br />
10.Interfaith dialogue for addressing the climate change, farmer’s suicides, and social security for workers in unorganized sector, transforming finance sector: Appreciation of the common commands for prayer, donation, compassion, charity and prohibition of usury, adultery, and homosexuality is needed with wider dissemination of the same. Adoption of these commands addresses the challenge of climate change, ecologically hostile usurious system; Inter-faith dialogue will ensure generation of responses across the faith groups. Delhi has a vibrant culture of interfaith dialogue. Sant Rajinder Singh of Sawan Kripal Ashram has been conducting the same for many years. Organisations/ individuals independently or in collaboration with other organisation may work for generating more forums of interfaith dialogue with special reference to mitigating climate change.<br />
11.National Convention on Inter Faith common responses for addressing the climate change: A national convention will be organised for generating consensus for adoption of faith based measures for addressing the climate change. There are cultural responses for fighting the atheistic neo-liberal cultural trends emanating from Europe and copied by youth in the name of globalisation and modernity. National Convention could address the issue of climate change through adopting the interfaith commons while maintaining in some forms of dietary, sartorial, linguistic, religious diversity.<br />
12.Youth colloquiums ( Majlis-e-Naujawan)for contributing in the mitigation of the impacts of climate change: LLF recognises the critical role of youths as an organisation led by youths. Green youth forums   formed and discussions are held for getting the desired response pattern for halting the expansion of unsustainable consumption pattern and leisure use pattern through adoption of faith based measures.<br />
<br />
What are carbon neutral neighborhood discussions?<br />
-The discussions, conversation, conferences that are held in the neighborhood with all who can be reached by foot or carbon neutral transport such as bicycle, bullock carts, horse driven carriages and others<br />
-The discussion that we hold at  home and in the neighborhood spaces such as parks, tea/ coffee ,vegetable shops, milk shops-all in the neighborhood and nearby habitations, localities and . <br />
CNNDs on what?<br />
-Personal responses for reducing the emission of green house gases<br />
-Transforming travel decisions for energy intensive leisure i.e. Leisure using GHG emitting transport and venues such as bars and discotheques<br />
-Alternative ways for getting the feeling of wellbeing including faith base practices such as practice of prayer, meditation individually and collectively <br />
CNNDs with whom<br />
-With all irrespective of class, caste, race, religion, ethnicity, gender etc. as we all are contributors to the emission of green house gases in various measures and the impacts of the climate change are affecting  us all<br />
-With children who could contribute through avoiding the green house gas emitting engagements<br />
-With women who are the potential consumers of the fossil fuel based energy, services and leisure<br />
-With youth who are the potential consumers of the fossil fuel based energy, services and leisure<br />
-With community leaders who are the potential consumers of the fossil fuel based energy, services and leisure<br />
With all<br />
-Who are potential contributor to the emission of green house gases<br />
-All of us are the potential contributor to the emission of green house gases<br />
	Both poor and rich, black and white, brown and yellow<br />
	Across the nations, across the neighborhoods<br />
	With men and women across the age groups<br />
	With friends and foes <br />
What is needed for CNNDs?<br />
	Information on climate change and its reasons<br />
	Commitments for communicating the same <br />
	Setting personal examples of one is responding for addressing the impacts of climate change<br />
	Desire to talk to people in the neighborhood<br />
	Spaces for conducting the CNNDs <br />
	A group of friends or relatives in the neighborhood <br />
Communicating ecological audit<br />
Ecological audit of the consumption patterns- there is need to communicate ecological audit of the consumption patterns so that we are sure that we consume for survival and not for luxury and exhibition.<br />
Ecological audit of the transport patterns- reduction in fossil fuel based transport is critical for reducing emission of green house gases. It is important to consider the interests of future generations for ecological safe habitats. Fossil fuel based transports have a short history and short future. There is need to prepare for the end of petro-modern times<br />
Ecological audit of the use of water, energy, food and time <br />
Ecological audit of the travel needs<br />
Impacts <br />
Reduction in the personal contribution to the emission of green house gases<br />
Multiplication of the discussion across the neighborhoods<br />
Multiplication of the personal decisions for reducing the emission of green house gases<br />
Adoption of neighborhood carbon neutral measures for leisure ,relaxation, spiritual wellbeing and procuring the provisions <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Sat, 24 Jan 2009 04:21:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/575567</guid>
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Multiplying Carbon Neutral Neighbourhood Discussions (CNNDs) for Reducing the Emission of Green House Gases (GHGs)</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/546123</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Carbon Neutral Neighbourhood Discussions are the discussions that are held in the neighbourhoods. <br />
<br />
This is a concept that has been proposed  byDr.Muhammad Mukhtar Alam of Center for Ecological Audit ,Social Inclusion and Governance,Delhi<br />
<br />
The purpose of the discussions are a) generating consciousness on the measures for minimising the emission of green house gases; b) informing the neighbourhood on the reasons for climate change;c) generating personal responses for reducing the emission of green houses gases ;d) adopting faith based measures for transforming energy intensive leisure use patterns; e) multiplying neighbourhood processes for leisure ; f) generating local community response for reducing the emission of green house gases; g) educating on the virtues of minimising emissions of GHGs.<br />
<br />
CNNDs can be organised by all of us in the neghbourhood. We may consider this to be a important tool for augmenting the public measures. We need to relate to all in the neighbourhoods. It is possible.]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Thu, 04 Dec 2008 01:29:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/546123</guid>
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Faith based responses and governance framework for mitigating climate change as part of preparation for the end of petro-modern age.</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/454251</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Faith based responses and governance framework for mitigating climate change as part of preparation for the end of petro-modern age.<br />
<br />
Dr.Muhammad Mukhtar Alam©<br />
<br />
Climate change as an impact of the globalisation of non-renewable energy based habitats, consumption, production and transportation  <br />
<br />
Natural disasters and man made disasters have been feared and has been the reason of the destruction of civilisations. Deluge occurring as a curse of God for rebellion against the commands of Almighty has been mentioned in the holy texts. Climate Change caused primary due to emission of green house gas emissions appears to heralding a series of disasters for mankind across the world. The loss of agricultural lands, forest cover is an outcome of globalisation of industrial production processes based on non-renewable resources based Climate change is an outcome of the attempts for globalisation of non-renewable resource based urban habitats. Renewable energy is the future as it has been the key source for millennia. There is need to secure protection of the social futures across the word from the ecological disasters that are man made. There is a need to reduce the consumption of GHG emitting fossil fuel based services and utilities. <br />
<br />
The detailed version of the the paper on faith based solutions and governance framework for mitigating the climate change considers the fact that non-renewable resource based energy does not have future and it has assessment of  responses to climate change are being made, assessments of the instruments for mitigating the impacts of climates, analysis of hurdles faced in the implementation of the Kyoto protocol emission targets and addresses the constraints in the development strategy and proposal for ecologically sustainable development strategy. The author calls for adoption of ecologically safe and socially inclusive governance framework for ecologically sustainability and socially equity. He also called for Innovative faith based strategies for reducing the emission of green house gases and other systemic factors associated with ecologically hostile development paradigm.<br />
 	<br />
Change in the climate with rise in temperature of earth, change in rainfall patterns is caused due to emission of gases that is raising the temperature of earth as the amount of green house gases generated is much more than the capacity of the green cover for absorbing. Impacts are being felt everywhere beyond the national boundaries. There are several recorded evidences that has caused nations to take on the challenge of global warming .UN’s intergovernmental panel on climate change has been meeting and deliberating on the issue. There are several national responses and international agreements. Recently China and US has expressed agreement work on climate change. Speaking on occasion of APEC summit in Sydney, Australia Mr. Hu Jintao maintained that “the United Nations Framework convention should remain the main channel for the international efforts” to address climate change” . <br />
<br />
The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which emphasised the far-reaching consequences that continued global warming would have across the world, has given fresh impetus to finding solution to the problem. The summit meeting of the Group of Eight industrialised countries (G8) held in Germany in the month of June 2007 agreed to launch new initiatives for collective action by both rich nations and fast-growing developing countries to combat climate change.  In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC, the international body that has the task of weighing scientific evidence on climate change, pointed to definitive evidence that global atmospheric concentration of key greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide had “increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750”. These gases were trapping the Earth’s heat that would otherwise have radiated out into space. If the build-up of greenhouse gases and the resultant warming of the planet were allowed to continue unchecked, the humanity collectively will have to face several consequences. Droughts and desertification are among the impacts of climate change. The position paper is focusing on the challenges and offers solutions for halting the impacts of climate change through adoption of measures including the faith based personal responses for transformation of ecologically hostile consumption, production, leisure use patterns. <br />
<br />
Lots of seminars and conferences have been organized for addressing the global challenge. There are Kyoto protocol emission targets for which national strategies have been devised. Kyoto Protocol formally known as UN Framework Conventions on Climate Change has not been ratified by some of the important nations. U.S. and Australia are not ratifying the protocol as they have perceptions of competitive disadvantage. There are agreements for reducing the emissions by the year 2020 and 2050. There exists a vibrant mobilization of civil society and mobilization of youth groups. Several groups are working for the policy advocacy for implementing the binding targets for the emission of green house gases. There also exists a dynamic policy advocacy for RD in renewable energy so that there is plenty of renewable resource based energy for replacing the non-renewable energy. Green parties existing in more than 88 countries are calling for replacement for greenhouse generating fossil fuel based energy sources with renewable energy. <br />
<br />
Gavin Edwards head of Climate and Energy Campaign, Greenpeace International talking about what the governments across the world can do to mitigate the problem pointed out the need to reconsider terms of protocol that acknowledges the differentiated responsibility for the various nations responding to the climate change. He points out the need for the developing countries to do all the needful and not repeat the mistakes of the developed countries - “nongovernmental organisations have really focussed on the industrialised nations that have to do lions share of tackling the climate change-that’s is clear. But what is also clear is that developing countries like India and China constantly continue developing with the business as usual old style development approach. They could be repeating the same mistakes the West has made in the last few decades .And, if India, China and other countries continue to make those mistakes, then regardless of what the West is doing to tackle the climate change it will be impossible” . <br />
<br />
The instruments advocated for mitigating the climate change<br />
<br />
Energy efficient technologies are being developed for minimizing the consumption of the energy. CFL lamps are being promoted as part of energy efficient utilities and equipments for contributing in the reduction of green house gas emissions. There also goals for replacement of non-renewable energy throng renewable energy .Green party in Germany seek full scale replacement of non-renewable energy by renewable energy by the year 2020. There are treaties that have been signed though they are not religiously followed. More funding is being sought for research for globalizing renewable energy based services and utilities. Binding targets on emission reduction is not there as is evident from the aspirational recommendation of the APEC summit concluded recently in Sydney as part of the processes for the UN framework convention on climate change to be held in Bali in the month of December 2007. There are plans of Action devoid of binding policies and target for the emission of green house gases.<br />
<br />
Problems in the strategies<br />
<br />
There are strategies that have been identified with global recognition of the need to reduce green house emissions. Even so, they get defeated as goals are set with contradicting outcomes and visions .For example, GDP calculation does not consider the impact on environment and ecological costs and thus are not therefore factors in the calculation of Gross Domestic Product. Enormous costs on environments are ignored following the conviction that all the resources are for the use and their non-utilisation is an indicator of low technological development. An ecologically sustainable habitat is not considered valuable with ecologically sustainable livelihoods. Quarterly reporting on the increase in the GDP does not factor the increase in green house gas emissions. 7th Generation Initiative in Canada with wellbeing measurement Act in an initiative for factoring the ecological costs and cost of women's work at home. They believe that calculation of gross domestic product must include the cost on the environment that our actions in the present have www.sustainwellbeing.net. Mike Nickerson and Joe Jordon have been campaigning for years.<br />
<br />
Political parties continue to be inspired by short term visions and it is not quite their fault. SIMPOL is working with the voters globally for influencing the simultaneous adoption of policies. There is need to ensure more and more simultaneous actions globally for peaceful actions, decisions, choices that will contribute in collective ecological safety. Political parties need to be educated for supporting the policies that ensure protection of ecologically sustainable livelihoods and habitats. Labour League Foundation ,Sufi Trust and CEASIG has been part of National Forum of Forest Workers and Forest People supporting the rights of land in their traditional habitats through deleting the impact of colonial legislations that  deprived them their rights to homestead and agriculture lands. Green parties are concerned about the ecologically safe issues but their voters are few .Most of the political parties are concerned with issues that are more appealing to the elite and the middle class in the immediate present.<br />
<br />
Another major hurdle experienced in the way of getting global responses for mitigating the climate change is continued marketing of fossil fuel intensive consumption patterns, urban habitats designs, development paradigm, competitive nationalisms for seeking the markers of fossil fuel intensive lifestyles, devaluation of the ecologically sustainable agriculture consumption patterns. There exists continued political support for cultural products and processes that are inimical to national and global ecological safety. While there are measures for ecological impact/ environment impact assessments but then there markedly exists absence of concerns for addressing the root causes of ecological and man made disasters. Marginalisation of the faith based groups by the atheistic intelligentsia continues to be problem that needs to be addressed as they need to be brought on board with much more dynamism for addressing the global and local challenges.<br />
<br />
An Ecologically safe national strategy/ development paradigm can be considered containing the following features:<br />
<br />
1.	Marketing of ecologically safe consumption ,production, leisure use patterns <br />
2.	Discouraging ecologically hostile consumption and production patterns <br />
3.	Promotion of neighbourhood trade and education and discouraging ecologically hostile trade and education<br />
4.	Ecologically sustainable agriculture<br />
5.	Promotion of ecologically sustainable transport Systems<br />
6.	Faith based measures for transformation of leisure use pattern<br />
7.	Promotion and protection of ecologically sustainable habitats<br />
8.	ecologically safe interest free and debt free finance system<br />
9.	Ecologically safe models of success<br />
<br />
Towards a solution<br />
<br />
Reduction in the emission of green house gases through promoting measures and decision patterns that moderate the consumption of services and utilities based on the consumption of green house emitting fossil fuels is critical that all concerned with safeguarding the humanity from the negative impacts of climate change. Following diagram attempts to demonstrate the impact and relations that adoption of prayer 5 times a day on the consumption patterns. Men and women following the commands for prayer 5 times are not likely to indulge in consumption of lots of evening post work engagements that require long distance travels as this would interfere in observance of the command for prayer /salah at the appointed hours. It can be easily seen that adoption of this command will ensure transformation of lots of consumption of fossil fuel intensive leisure such as going to bar and dancing halls. This can be adopted along with several other personal and community responses for reducing the emission of green houses. Faith based responses appear to be more effective and they need to be promoted as for this there is no need to make additional efforts. Association of ‘conservatism’ appears to be more one of the response that some men and women may have for communication of faith based measures. But then it is important to see the importance of the adoption of faith based measure for ecological efficacy, safety, suitability, desirability and validity. Faith based responses are common and they just need to be promoted for their contribution in the ecological wellbeing at the personal, community, social, national and global levels. There is an urgent need for the same.<br />
<br />
<br />
Personal faith based responses are critical for minimising the emission of green house gases. Prayer 5 times a day for transforming leisure use pattern recognising that leisure use patterns are one of the key social engagements that consume most of the fossil fuel based services and utilities .Command for prayer is common across the religious texts though it appears most prominently practiced by men and women following the communications of Muhammad , believed to be the last messenger by Muslims (men and women submitting to the will of God/Allah/../.<br />
Men and women practicing prayer (salah in Arabic) do not visit dancing halls and bars as they are more concerned about praying in time. Prayer in the afternoon, after sunset and then prayer after dinner in the mosques makes them bound to focus on the necessary work only. Prayer and remembrance for them is a mean of relaxation, stress busting, socialization, and communion and so on. S/he concentrates on the essential matters in the neighbourhood and cares for them as commanded through the messengers. Secondly, they abstain from exhibitionist consumption following the command of Allah for not transgressing the bounds/limits set by Allah. For dressing they believe that the best dress is that of piety determined by the extent to which they follow the commands of Allah. They abstain from adultery following the commands against the same as they believe in upholding the best standards of peaty. They seek forgiveness from Allah for the sinful deeds executed intentionally or unintentionally. Thus adoption of prayer 5 times a day works as a guard for all the behaviours that have been prohibited in the holy books across the religions.They donate out of the sustenance for poor following the commands for zakat, khairat, fitra and sadaqah. They do not waste and thus observe the best of the ideals communicated through the slogan of ‘waste not, want not’. They indulge in ecologically safe consumption and believe in moderation in all matters. The middle path communicated through the commands of Allah is best ensured through the adoption of compulsory prayers 5 times a day. Men and men following the commands in Shiv Sankalp Taru for remembrance of Ishwar are likely to have the similar best behaviour patterns that are ecologically safe. Their average ecological footprints are likely to be very low. This needs to be established with communication of more ecological audits/ water audits/green audits/ energy audits/ paper audits/ food intake audits- a series of audits that men and women following the command of Allah perform or they are supposed to perform. They   ensure more and more pious behaviour, consumption and production patterns. Centre for Ecological Audit, Inclusion and Governance would like to promote generation of more pious responses as they are directly linked to reduction in the emission of green house gases.<br />
<br />
Inter faith commons<br />
<br />
Centre for Ecological Audit, Inclusion and Governance(CEASIG) believes in the inter faith commons that need to be communicated and disseminated for not only global integration but also for addressing the critical ecological challenge that we as part of humanity face . Global warming is no longer a concern of a particular nations but it is an issue that we all as part of humanity face. Inter faith commons need to bring to the fore for understanding that we have common monotheistic content and messengers who upheld the best standards of justice, communication, and struggle in their life time and fought men and women after utilizing the best means of persuasion. Shiv Sankalp Taru has a very interesting verse that needs to be brought in light for men and women who have special affinity for the Sanskrit textual tradition. The timings are very much common to the timing followed by the Muslims. It is a command that needs to be followed by all. Muslims already follow that following the communication of God/BRAHMM communicated through the last messenger while believing that commands were communicated through all the messengers earlier in various languages and lands. They need to know more and more that the commands followed by Muslims are the commands that were communicated through the earlier messengers also. Muslims rightly believe that messengers were sent to all the lands to people who spoke various languages following the related verse in the holy Qur’an. Commands in Shiv Sankalp Taru “Ishwar smarate panch awasare” calls for remembrance of Ishwar who was neither born nor gave on five occasions in a day, every day-all the 365/366 days of the year.<br />
<br />
Establish prayer at the appointed hours 5 times (The Holy Qur’an).According to one count there are command for establishing salah and give zakat more that 54 times in the holy Qur’an. There are commands in Bible and Torah. Buddhist monotheistic tradition calls for fighting the ‘mara’ in the Dhammapada and the atheistic understanding calls for adoption of middle path in all the matters. Practice of meditation leads to transformation of consumption patterns. Gurus in the Sikhism and Jain traditions are examples of austere life filled with prayer and penance. Guru Nanak was a practitioner of prayer and remembrance and he is revered for that and followed by millions of Sikhs around the world. For Sikhs, it is not impossible to follow the best practices of Guru Nanak who established himself as a role model for millions of Sikhs around the world. Following table shows the interfaith commons that can be adopted all. This is being proposed considering the absence of coherent strategy in the atheistic post-modern discourse and contingencies of the global emergencies that must be addressed.<br />
<br />
<br />
Some key ecologically sensitive commands	Islam	Christianity	Monotheistic Brahmanism	Sikhism	Judaism	Buddhism	Jainism<br />
Prevention of usury	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Prohibition of adultery and homosexuality	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Propagation of austerity	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Protection of the institution of family	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Command for donating for the poor	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Command for prayer 	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
 <br />
<br />
<br />
How an ecologically sustainable / contended reverent economy does is built up with happiness for all<br />
<br />
Ecological economists are currently debating issues with the Washington consensus economist and fighting the TINA (there is no alternative) syndrome .Noam Chomsky believes in the alternative economic order and so do youths of the world who through their calls are wanting to see the change and taking up non-violent advocacy and communication for the needful change . He also believes in the alternative political and cultural order .Binary economists are calling for abolition of interest charged on the loans as they believe creation of money from thin air in the books of the bankers is responsible for lots of ecologically hostile and socially inequitable practices in consumption, production and distribution and leisure use patterns www.binaryeconomics.org . <br />
<br />
Elimination of usury, fiat money propelling the ecologically hostile growth of urban habitats is being pointed out to be a critical factor in building a socially inclusive and ecologically safe economy. Similarly, debt free credit /interest free loans are being promoted for zero debt distressed suicides and bankruptcies. <br />
<br />
Another major feature of contented and ecological sustainable economy is its capacity and intent for the protection of ecologically sustainable habitats with renewable resource based life support systems. It is simply impossible to envisage sustainability of non-renewable based transport systems in perpetuity. Search for nuclear energy and intense research activity in the renewable resource based energy is a proof for this. It needs to be noted that while nuclear energy in the short run appears to be carbon neutral, but in the long run, this is also not sustainable as there are limited resources for running the reactors. It is clear that resources such as uranium and thorium are not for all the time in the future. Therefore, the only solution is to decelerate and regulate the consumption of non-renewable resource based services and utilities.<br />
<br />
1.	Debt free money and interest free loans with public control on the creation of money<br />
2.	Rights to renewable resource based habitats<br />
3.	Ecologically sustainable leisure use patterns<br />
4.	Distributive justice for renewable resource based livelihoods<br />
5.	Freedom from worried of energy crisis<br />
6.	Protection of Renewable resource based livelihoods<br />
<br />
Freedom from worries of energy crisis affecting energy intensive transportation systems and habitats is an essential constituent of an ecologically sustainable and socially equitable economy .At present most of the planners are concerned with the increasing energy requirements and for this some countries are ready to sacrifice their ideals and foundations of foreign policy. Left parties in India along with other parties have been vociferously opposing the loss of independence in the foreign policy of India. It is important to ensure sustainability for the renewable resource based life support systems and for this it is important to halt the loss of ecologically sustainable habitats and agricultural production methodologies. It is not possible to ensure sustainability for habitat designs that are based on unsustainable energy sources. Therefore, it is not possible to ensure sustainability for skyscraper laden urban habitats. Urban areas with shopping malls will no longer expand and remain within ecologically sustainable limits. For this to happen, it is important to support adoption of ecologically safe and socially inclusive governance framework proposed by several organisations.<br />
<br />
Creating debt free money and ensuring interest free loans in not quite easy as that requires change of hearts and minds of men and women governing the various institutions who find the proposals difficult. Success of the proposals for ecologically sustainable and socially equitable economy and polity requires multiplication of men and women who uphold the criterion of piety. It is important that the pious men and women across the world prohibiting peacefully what is wrong and prescribing what is right take charge of the governance and ensure that debt free money is created, faith based measures are adopted for mitigating the impacts of climate change. It is important to understand the need to prepare for life after death as that would impel men and women to adopt faith based measures more and more. Now, the signs of ecological distress are too compelling to avoid collective and personal actions for both mitigating and halting the impacts of climate change. It is not the after death concerns that are important but signs of ecological distress affecting the lives of billions that are clear indicators for change and taking corrective action locally and globally. Youths and corporations who are market for non-renewable energy intensive services and utilities need to be in charge. No longer, atheistic postmodernist notions of laissez faire regimen of cultural, political and moral governance can be encouraged to further damage the survival interests of the billions in here and now and that of future generations.<br />
<br />
Hurdles in the way/ constraints<br />
<br />
There are hurdles in the way for such a massive change taking place simultaneously and globally and most pernicious among the faith based notions  are that of neo-liberal atheistic ideology where market and profit devoid of the concerns of eternal interests of mankind are permitted to have full freedom. It is the anti-church and anti-Islamic communications that are the major hurdles in the way of change. It is dominance of atheistic neo-liberal ideology that prevents men and women from adopting the faith based pious measures for addressing the global and local challenges. Media channels such as MTV with adoring participation of youths indoctrinated in the atheistic visions of good life are busy in creating models of copy cat consumption and leisure use patterns globally with local vernacular channels following in line. Starting with English music content in 90’s now MTV has more of Hindi songs and dance forms with direct message for youths for copying the ecologically leisure use pattern including partying ,dancing and drinking of intoxicating drinks.<br />
<br />
The second hurdle is the lack on coherent national and international policy with respect to addressing the climate change. While Kyoto protocol emission target call for reduction in the emission of green house gases, national development strategies continue to be inspired by the perception of competitive disadvantage. It is dangerous to have such incoherence for long time as the assessments of climate scientists are too compelling. Speaking on the occasion of a meeting to the launch the full report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on the impacts of global warming, Professor Martin Parry, a climate scientist with MET office in UK and co-chairman of the working group for the report said, “We are all used to talking about the impact of these changes coming in the lifetime of our children and grand children. Now we know that it is us.” He added that politicians had wasted a decade in focussing on ways to cut emissions, and had woken up recently to the need to adapt. He felt that “mitigation has got all the attention, but we cannot mitigate out of this problem. We have now a choice between a damaged world and a severely damaged world”. (The Hindu 20 September 2007)<br />
<br />
The hurdle can be seen through assessing the levels of convergence for the various agencies and their functioning. While there are calls for higher rates of growth, they are not assessed in the light of the demands of ecological sustainability. Even the promotion of indexes such as “sustainability index” is not getting the required attention and it has been left to the discretion of the nations. There are evidences of lack of interagency cooperation and United National Development Programme (UNDP) appears to be working against the mandate of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Environment assessments /ministries are slighted for benefiting ecologically hostile proposals/ policies. More often than not considerations of ecological sustainability are ignored for sanctioning ecologically hostile projects. This is evident from the sanction of Special Economic Zones despite the resistance of farmers in India as they did not want to give up on their only source of ecologically sustainable livelihoods through farming.<br />
<br />
Therefore there is a need to institute a governance framework that is both ecologically safe and socially inclusive with reference to poor, old, children and women, ethnic and religious groups residing both in rural and urban habitats.<br />
<br />
Labour League Foundation through considers the need for establishing ecologically safe and socially inclusive governance with the following features<br />
<br />
1.	A governance that is cognizant of the needs of poor, rights of farmers and villages to ecologically sustainable livelihoods and habitats<br />
2.	 Governance that eliminates fictitious inflationary money responsible for expansion of ecologically hostile habitats<br />
3.	 Governance that promotes pious and ecologically safe consumption and production pattern<br />
4.	A government that plans for ecologically safe disaster free future for all<br />
5.	Governance that ensure ecologically safe distribution of natural resources<br />
6.	Governance that works for the interests of all<br />
7.	Governance that ensures policy making for the rights of children, future generations and poor<br />
<br />
<br />
Ecologically sustainable and socially inclusive strategies include Multiplication of carbon neutral neighbourhood discussions across the cities and villages ,Multiplication of ecologically safe responses through promotion of green journalism, catalysing green politics, transformation of leisure use patterns ,calculation of ecological footprints, eliminating ecological rucksacks, ecological Audit of the consumption patterns, production patterns, Ecological Audit of the transport patterns, Ecological Audit of the leisure use patterns, Interfaith dialogue for addressing the climate change, farmer’s suicides, and social security for workers in unorganized sector, transforming finance sector through appreciation of the common commands for prayer, donation, compassion, charity and prohibition of usury, adultery, and homosexuality, National/ regional/ city/ village based conventions on Inter Faith common responses for addressing the climate change, carbon neutral Youth colloquiums / meetings / Majlis-e-Naujawan/ Yuva Harit Bharat Sabha/../../<br />
<br />
Conclusion:<br />
<br />
Imagining the responses of the weaker species in the face of man made onslaughts on the non-renewable resources , many youths across the world recognise the threats  represented through the expression of anguish of the billions of poor who are angry, dispossessed and seeking an end to the process of non-renewable resource based usurious finance fuelled expansion of consumption and production pattern that is causing serious loss of livelihood for millions across the Earth and call upon all the governments, civil society organisations, corporations engaged in ecologically hostile production processes to boycott the ecologically hostile usurious finance and prevent further loss of ecologically sustainable habitats that are an immediate outcome of the expansion of  ecologically hostile non-renewable resource based habitats. Nations need to compete in establishing the models of ecologically safe economy, polity and culture. Youth of the world are ready to become a leader along with Muslims, Greens and men and women of the world who wish to halt the political expansion of the atheistic neo-liberal ideology that is responsible for exacerbating the ecological distress demonstrated through the increased incidence of drought and expansion of deserts causing suffering for millions. Adaptation is the weakest response and youths call for halting the negative impacts of climate change. Nothing is impossible.<br />
<br />
CEASIG, AN ORGANIZATION DEVOTED TO MULTIPLYING RESPONSES WITHIN AND ACROSS THE NATION/S FOR MITIGATING THE IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
 C/O- LABOUR LEAGUE FOUNDATION, 62-A, DDA FLATS, ASHOK VIHAR –III, DELHI-110052<br />
Telephone: +9968345380 <br />
Email: ceasig@gmail.com <br />
<br />
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					<pubDate>Wed, 13 Aug 2008 11:30:00 EDT</pubDate> 
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                    <title>Accelerating Mitigation of Climate Change through adoption of Inter-faith commons</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/454241</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[<br />
The Oceanic group and Radiance Media in collaboration with India Habitat centre organised an interactive seminar on renewable energy and climate change on 5 august 2008 at Gulmohar Hall India Habitat Centre. Ambassador Nigam Prakash, chairperson of Radiance media welcomed all. Prof. Anand Patwardhan, Executive Director, technology Information forecasting and Assessment Council chaired the meeting. <br />
<br />
Ms. Alexis Ringwald, former Fulbright scholar shared her paper on renewable energy trends in India. She described per capita emissions in India in comparison with the rest of the world.<br />
<br />
Mr. David Moosa Pidcock, a technologist with London based Technology Relocation services and Safe Energy Devises and System (SEEDS) introduced technologies for weather modification, magnetic technologies for treatment of water, seeds for enhancing productivity and production of algae from sequestered carbon dioxide.<br />
<br />
Dr. Muhammad Mukhtar Alam, Executive Director Centre for Ecological Audit, Social Inclusion and Governance and Chairman of Labour League Foundation Delhi spoke on the faith based response and governance for mitigating climate change. His presentation included  detailed narration on the impact of climate change caused by the globalisation of non-resource based consumption, production and transport patterns, national and international response, problems in the strategies for mitigating the climate change, impact of the faith based responses on consumption patterns, global imperative of adoption of  eco-friendly inter-faith commons such as command for prayer, protection of the institution of family, care of orphans, elderly and women, donation, austerity, piety, honesty, compassion and commands against usury, homosexuality and adultery. <br />
<br />
He highlighted the fact that rebellion against the commands were exacerbating ecological distress and called for adoption of the commands for transforming leisure use pattern, eliminating inflationary and ecologically hostile finance system, minimising incidence of AIDs and other diseases, promoting stable families for secure childhoods. On behalf of CEASIG, a collaborative projective of Sewa, Labour League Foundation and Sufi Trust, he described the existing / proposed work in this regard. Work included organising carbon neutral neighbourhood discussions and multiplying communication for the same across the villages and cities so that transitoriness of the non-renewable resource based consumption, production, transportation is known by all and required responses for eliminating personal contributions to the emission of green house gases are made. Proposed work included conduct of ecological audit for consumption, leisure, travel, production, organising interfaith dialogue for adoption of interfaith commons and shaping the governance for the same for addressing climate change, reforming fiancé sector, securing children from AIDS, ensuring stable families for happy childhoods.<br />
<br />
Dr. PP Sangal, former director of Centralian Statistical Organisation described in details the features of Indian Climate Action Plan. He appreciated the fact that India needed emissions for growth but at the same time wished to work on reducing the emissions. He called for contributing the detailed missions that were decided in the documents and ministries had been asked to prepared detailed action plan for all the missions. The interventions were responded with lots of appreciation for the presentation for Dr.Muhammad Mukhtar Alam who called for personal conduct of ecological audits across the board and adoption of interfaith commons.<br />
<br />
Mr.Ajit Kumar , the president of the Oceanic groups shared the concluding remarks while announcing the next seminar. Mr.Athar Haque of Radiance Media offered the vote of thanks to all the participants and speakers in the seminar.<br />
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					<pubDate>Wed, 13 Aug 2008 11:11:00 EDT</pubDate> 
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                    <title>ROLE of Youths in MINIMISING THE INCIDENCE OF DROUGHT AND HALTING THE EXPANSION OF DESERTS THROUHG ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE BY   TRANSFORMING ECOLOGICALLY UNSUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTION AND TRANSPORT PATTERNS</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/376155</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[<br />
Droughts and desertification as impact of climate change <br />
<br />
Droughts have been a cause of concern in all part of the world for centuries. There are references for the same in the holy texts such as the holy Torah, the Bible and the holy Qur’an. Yusuf/Joseph, the youngest son of Yaqoob/Jacob, the messenger of Allah/God has recorded to have advised the king of Egypt for preparing for the drought years on the basis of a dream that the King saw and mentioned to former prisoner living with Joseph (peace be upon him). King acted upon the interpretation of his dream provided by Joseph (peace be upon him) and prepared for 7 years of drought. Similarly, desertification has been a process that has been recorded as one of the process that has been on in various parts of world. Droughts are marked by the absence of rain or inadequate rain that is responsible for loss of crops or inadequate crop yield causing a serious concern for food. Desertification is linked with loss of agricultural habitats. The loss of agricultural lands, forest cover is an outcome of globalisation of industrial production processes based on non-renewable resources based resources. Climate change is an outcome of the globalisation of non-renewable resource based urban habitats. Drought is, among other factors, responsible for soil degradation. It has been also established that desertification increases the effect of green house gas emissions. There is thus a relation of cause and effect between climatic change and desertification.<br />
<br />
 <br />
The focus of the youth position paper on drought and desertification therefore is on the following:<br />
<br />
1.	Assessment of  responses to climate change are being made, <br />
2.	assessments of the instruments for mitigating the impacts of climates, <br />
3.	hurdles faced in the implementation of the Kyoto protocol emission targets<br />
4.	Constraints in the development strategy and proposal for ecologically sustainable development strategy<br />
5.	Call for adoption of ecologically safe and socially inclusive governance framework for ecologically sustainability and socially equity<br />
6.	Innovative faith based strategies <br />
7.	Youth Strategies <br />
 	<br />
Change in the climate with rise in temperature of earth, change in rainfall patterns is caused due to emission of green house gases that raise the temperature of earth as the amount of green house gases generated is much more than the capacity of the green cover for absorbing. Impacts of the climate change are being felt everywhere beyond the national boundaries. There are several recorded evidences that has caused nations to take on the challenge of global warming  .UN’s intergovernmental panel on climate change has been meeting and deliberating on the issue. There are several national responses and international agreements. Recently China and U.S. has expressed agreement to work on climate change. Speaking on occasion of APEC summit in Sydney, Australia Mr. Hu Jintao maintained that “the United Nations Framework convention should remain the main channel for the international efforts” to address climate change” . <br />
<br />
The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which emphasised the far-reaching consequences that continued global warming would have across the world, has given fresh impetus to finding solution to the problem. The summit meeting of the Group of Eight industrialised countries (G8) held in Germany in the month of June 2007 agreed to launch new initiatives for collective action by both rich nations and fast-growing developing countries to combat climate change.  In its Fourth Assessment Report, the IPCC, the international body that has the task of weighing scientific evidence on climate change, pointed to definitive evidence that global atmospheric concentration of key greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide had “increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750”. These gases were trapping the Earth’s heat that would otherwise have radiated out into space. If the build-up of greenhouse gases and the resultant warming of the planet were allowed to continue unchecked, the humanity collectively will have to face several consequences. Droughts and desertification are among the impacts of climate change. The position paper is focusing on the challenges and offers solutions for halting the impacts of climate change through adoption of measures including the faith based personal responses for transformation of ecologically hostile consumption, production and leisure use patterns. <br />
<br />
Progress so far  <br />
<br />
Lots of seminars and conferences have been organized for addressing the global challenge. There are Kyoto protocol emission targets for which national strategies have been devised. Kyoto Protocol formally known as UN Framework Conventions on Climate Change has not been ratified by some of the important nations. U.S. and Australia are not ratifying the protocol as they have perceptions of competitive disadvantage. There are agreements for reducing the emissions by the year 2020 and 2050. There exists a vibrant mobilization of civil society and mobilization of youth groups. Several groups are working for the policy advocacy for implementing the binding targets for the emission of green house gases. There also exists a dynamic policy advocacy for RD in renewable energy so that there is plenty of renewable resource based energy for replacing the non-renewable energy. Green parties existing in more than 88 countries are calling for replacement for greenhouse generating fossil fuel based energy sources with renewable energy. <br />
<br />
UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has been awarded Nobel Prize along with Robert Al Gore for working on the climate change. The Norwegian Nobel Committee cited the recipients “for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man made climate change and to lay foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such a change” . Mr .Al Gore responded to the citation saying “we face a truly planetary emergency: the climate change is not a political issue, it is a moral and spiritual challenge to all humanity” . Mr.R.K. Pachaury sharing the prize with Robert Al Gore as Chairman of Intergovernmental Panel on climate change responded that the Nobel Peace prize would add sense of urgency to the fight against global warming. IPCC, set up in 1988, is tasked with giving policymakers a summary of the latest knowledge about climate change. Gavin Edwards head of Climate and Energy Campaign, Greenpeace International talking about what the governments across the world can do to mitigate the problem pointed out the need to reconsider terms of protocol that acknowledges the differentiated responsibility for the various nations responding to the climate change. He points out the need for the developing countries to do all the needful and not repeat the mistakes of the developed countries - “nongovernmental organisations have really focussed on the industrialised nations that have to do lion’s share of tackling the climate change-that’s clear. But what is also clear is that developing countries like India and China constantly continue developing with the business as usual old style development approach. They could be repeating the same mistakes the West has made in the last few decades .And, if India, China and other countries continue to make those mistakes, then regardless of what the West is doing to tackle the climate change it will be impossible” . <br />
<br />
The instruments advocated for mitigating the climate change<br />
<br />
Energy efficient technologies are being developed for minimizing the consumption of the energy. CFL lamps are being promoted as part of energy efficient utilities and equipments for contributing in the reduction of green house gas emissions. There also goals for replacement of non-renewable energy throng renewable energy .Green party in Germany seek full scale replacement of non-renewable energy by renewable energy by the year 2020. There are treaties that have been signed though they are not religiously followed. More funding is being sought for research for globalizing renewable energy based services and utilities. Binding targets on emission reduction is not there as is evident from the aspirational recommendation of the APEC summit concluded recently in Sydney as part of the processes for the UN framework convention on climate change to be held in Bali in the month of December 2007. There are plans of Action devoid of binding policies and target for the emission of green house gases.<br />
<br />
If the build-up of greenhouse gases and the resultant warming of the planet was allowed to continue unchecked, we will collectively have consequences in terms of the loss of the ecologically sustainable livelihoods, habitats, crop failures, inequitable distribution of the ecologically safe habitats across the world.  It is well-known that global economic boom is accelerating green house gas emissions with the ever expanding non-renewable energy based urban habitats, consumption, production and transport patterns. <br />
<br />
Problems in the strategies<br />
<br />
There are strategies that have been identified with global recognition of the need to reduce green house emissions. Even so, they get defeated as goals are set with contradicting outcomes and visions .For example, GDP calculation does not consider the impact on environment and ecological costs and thus are not therefore factors in the calculation of Gross Domestic Product. Enormous costs on environments are ignored following the conviction that all the resources are for the use and their non-utilisation is an indicator of low technological development. An ecologically sustainable habitat is not considered valuable with ecologically sustainable livelihoods. Quarterly reporting on the increase in the GDP does not factor the increase in green house gas emissions. 7th Generation Initiative in Canada with wellbeing measurement Act in an initiative for factoring the ecological costs and cost of women's work at home www.sustainwellbeing.net . They believe that calculation of gross domestic product must include the cost on the environment that our actions in the present have www.sustainwellbeing.net. Mike Nickerson and Joe Jordon have been campaigning for years.<br />
<br />
Political parties continue to be inspired by short term visions and it is not quite their fault. SIMPOL is working with the voters globally for influencing the simultaneous adoption of policies. There is need to ensure more and more simultaneous actions globally for peaceful actions, decisions, choices that will contribute in collective ecological safety. Political parties need to be educated for supporting the policies that ensure protection of ecologically sustainable livelihoods and habitats. Labour League Foundation ,Sufi Trust and CEASIG as part of National Forum of Forest Workers and Forest People supporting the rights of land in their traditional habitats through deleting the impact of colonial legislations that  deprived them their rights to homestead and agriculture lands. Green parties are concerned about the ecologically safe issues but their voters are few .Most of the political parties are concerned with issues that are more appealing to the elite and the middle class in the immediate present.<br />
<br />
Another major hurdle experienced in the way of getting global responses for mitigating the climate change is continued marketing of fossil fuel intensive consumption patterns, urban habitats designs, development paradigm, competitive nationalisms for seeking the markers of fossil fuel intensive lifestyles, devaluation of the ecologically sustainable agriculture consumption patterns. There exists continued political support for cultural products and processes that are inimical to national and global ecological safety. While there are measures for ecological impact/ environment impact assessments but then there markedly exists absence of concerns for addressing the root causes of ecological and man made disasters. Marginalisation of the faith based youth groups by the atheistic intelligentsia continues to be problem that needs to be addressed .They need to be brought on board .<br />
<br />
Ecologically safe national strategy/ development paradigm<br />
<br />
Considering the above, it is proposed that an ecologically safe national strategy/ development paradigm contains the following features:<br />
<br />
1.	Marketing of ecologically safe consumption ,production, leisure use patterns <br />
2.	Discouraging ecologically hostile consumption and production patterns <br />
3.	Promotion of neighbourhood trade and education and discouraging ecologically hostile trade and education<br />
4.	Ecologically sustainable agriculture<br />
5.	Promotion of ecologically sustainable transport Systems<br />
6.	Faith based measures for transformation of leisure use pattern<br />
7.	Promotion and protection of ecologically sustainable habitats<br />
8.	ecologically safe interest free and debt free finance system<br />
9.	Ecologically safe models of success<br />
<br />
 <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Towards a solution<br />
<br />
Reduction in the emission of green house gases through promoting measures and decision patterns that moderate the consumption of services and utilities based on the consumption of green house emitting fossil fuels is critical that all concerned with safeguarding the humanity from the negative impacts of climate change, minimising the incidence of drought and halting the expansion of deserts and preventing the loss of ecologically sustainable habitats and livelihoods. Considering the emergencies, it is argued that adoption of faith based measures for transforming leisure use patterns is considered on priority. Following diagram demonstrates the impact and relations that adoption of prayer and meditation 5 times a day on the consumption patterns.<br />
<br />
 Men and women following the commands for prayer and meditation 5 times a day are not likely to indulge in consumption of lots of evening post work engagements that require long distance travels as this would interfere in observance of the command for prayer /salah /meditation /yoga at the appointed hours. It can be easily seen that adoption of this command will ensure transformation of lots of consumption of fossil fuel intensive leisure such as going to bar and dancing halls. This can be adopted along with several other personal and community responses for reducing the emission of green houses. Faith based responses appear to be more effective and they need to be promoted as for this there is no need to make additional efforts. Association of ‘conservatism’ appears to be more one of the response that some men and women may have for communication of faith based measures. But then it is important to see the importance of the adoption of faith based measure for ecological efficacy, safety, suitability, desirability and validity. Faith based responses are common and they just need to be promoted for their contribution in the ecological wellbeing at the personal, community, social, national and global levels. There is an urgent need for the same.<br />
 <br />
<br />
Personal faith based responses<br />
<br />
Prayer 5 times a day for transforming leisure use pattern recognising that leisure use patterns are one of the key social engagements that consume most of the fossil fuel based services and utilities .Command for prayer is common across the religious texts though it appears most prominently practiced by men and women following the communications of Muhammad, believed to be the last messenger by Muslims (men and women submitting to the will of God/Allah/../. <br />
<br />
How adoption of prayer transform the consumption patterns and ecologically hostile travel intensive leisure use patterns <br />
<br />
Men and women practicing prayer (salah in Arabic) do not visit dancing halls and bars as they are more concerned about praying in time. Prayer in the morning, afternoon, after sunset and then prayer after dinner in the homes/ mosques/ churches/synagogue/ prayer and meditation halls/work place  makes them bound to focus on the necessary work only. Prayer and remembrance for them is a mean of relaxation, stress busting, socialization, and communion and so on. S/he concentrates on the essential matters in the neighbourhood and cares for them as commanded through the messengers. Secondly, they abstain from exhibitionist consumption following the command of God/ Allah for not transgressing the bounds/limits set by God/Allah. For dressing they believe that the best dress is that of piety determined by the extent to which they follow the commands of God/ Allah. They abstain from adultery following the commands against the same as they believe in upholding the best standards of piety. They seek forgiveness from God/Allah for the sinful deeds executed intentionally or unintentionally. Thus adoption of prayer 5 times a day works as a guard for all the behaviours that have been prohibited in the holy books across the religions.<br />
 <br />
They donate out of the sustenance for poor following the commands for donation/zakat, khairat, fitra and sadaqah/daan.. They do not waste and thus observe the best of the ideals communicated through the slogan of ‘waste not, want not’. They indulge in ecologically safe consumption and believe in moderation in all matters. The middle path communicated through the commands of God/Allah is best ensured through the adoption of compulsory prayers 5 times a day. Youth, Men and men following the commands in Shiv Sankalp Taru for remembrance of Ishwar are likely to have the similar best behaviour patterns that are ecologically safe. Their average ecological footprints are likely to be very low. This needs to be established with communication of more ecological audits/ water audits/green audits/ energy audits/ paper audits/ food intake audits- a series of audits that youth, men and women following the command of God/Allah perform or they are supposed to perform. They   ensure more and more pious behaviour, consumption and production patterns. Centre for Ecological Audit, Inclusion and Governance along with many organisations call for generation of more pious responses as they are directly linked to reduction in the emission of green house gases .<br />
<br />
Inter faith commons<br />
<br />
The inter faith commons  need to be communicated and disseminated for not only global integration but also for addressing the critical ecological challenge that we as part of humanity face . Global warming is no longer a concern of a particular nations but it is an issue that we all as part of humanity face. Inter faith commons bring to the fore the understanding that we have common monotheistic content and messengers who upheld the best standards of justice, communication, and struggle in their life time and fought men and women after utilizing the best means of persuasion. Shiv Sankalp Taru has a very interesting verse that needs to be brought in light for men and women who have special affinity for the Sanskrit textual tradition. The timings are very much common to the timing followed by the Muslims. It is a command that needs to be followed by all. Muslim youths, men and women already follow that following the communication of God/BRAHMM communicated through the last messenger while believing that commands were communicated through all the messengers earlier in various languages and lands. The commands followed by Muslims are the commands that were communicated through the earlier messengers were sent to all the lands to people who spoke various languages following the related verse in the holy Qur’an. Commands in Shiv Sankalp Taru “Ishwar smarate panch awasare” calls for remembrance of Ishwar who was neither born nor gave on five occasions in a day, every day-all the 365/366 days of the year.<br />
<br />
Command for establishing prayer at the appointed hours exists in the Holy Qur’an. According to one count there are command for establishing salah and give zakat more that 54 times in the holy Qur’an. There are commands in Bible and Torah. Buddhist monotheistic tradition calls for fighting the ‘mara’ in the Dhammapada and the atheistic understanding calls for adoption of middle path in all the matters. Practice of meditation leads to transformation of consumption patterns. Gurus in the Sikhism and Jain traditions are examples of austere life filled with prayer and penance. Guru Nanak was a practitioner of prayer and remembrance and he is revered for that and followed by millions of Sikhs around the world. For Sikhs, it is not impossible to follow the best practices of Guru Nanak who established himself as a role model for millions of Sikhs around the world. Following table shows the interfaith commons that can be adopted by all. This is being proposed considering the absence of coherent strategy in the atheistic post-modern discourse and contingencies of the global emergencies that must be addressed.<br />
<br />
<br />
Some key ecologically sensitive commands	Islam	Christianity	Brahmanism	Sikhism	Judaism	Buddhism	Jainism<br />
Prevention of usury	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Prohibition of adultery and homosexuality	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Propagation of austerity	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Protection of the institution of family	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Command for donating for the poor	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
Command for prayer 	√	√	√	√	√	√	√<br />
 <br />
<br />
<br />
How an ecologically sustainable / contended reverent economy is built up with happiness for all<br />
<br />
Ecological economists are currently debating issues with the Washington consensus economist and fighting the TINA (there is no alternative) syndrome .Noam Chomsky believes in the alternative economic order and so do youths of the world who through their calls are wanting to see the change and taking up non-violent advocacy and communication for the needful change . He also believes in the alternative political and cultural order .Binary economists are calling for abolition of interest charged on the loans as they believe creation of money from thin air in the books of the bankers is responsible for lots of ecologically hostile and socially inequitable practices in consumption, production and distribution and leisure use patterns www.binaryeconomics.org . <br />
<br />
Elimination of usury, fiat money propelling the ecologically hostile growth of urban habitats is being pointed out to be a critical factor in building a socially inclusive and ecologically safe economy. Similarly, debt free credit /interest free loans are being promoted for zero debt distressed suicides and bankruptcies. <br />
<br />
Another major feature of contented and ecological sustainable economy is its capacity and intent for the protection of ecologically sustainable habitats with renewable resource based life support systems. It is simply impossible to envisage sustainability of non-renewable based transport systems in perpetuity. Search for nuclear energy and intense research activity in the renewable resource based energy is a proof for this. It needs to be noted that while nuclear energy in the short run appears to be carbon neutral, but in the long run, this is also not sustainable as there are limited resources for running the reactors. It is clear that resources such as uranium and thorium are not for all the time in the future. Therefore, the only solution is to decelerate and regulate the consumption of non-renewable resource based services and utilities through instituting an ecologically sustainable economy with the following features:<br />
<br />
1.Debt free money and interest free loans with public control on the creation of money<br />
2.Rights to renewable resource based habitats<br />
3.Ecologically sustainable leisure use patterns<br />
4.Distributive justice for renewable resource based livelihoods<br />
5.Freedom from worried of energy crisis<br />
6.Protection of Renewable resource based livelihoods<br />
<br />
Freedom from worries of energy crisis affecting energy intensive transportation systems and habitats is an essential constituent of an ecologically sustainable and socially equitable economy .At present most of the planners are concerned with the increasing energy requirements and for this some countries are ready to sacrifice their ideals and foundations of foreign policy. Left parties in India along with other parties have been vociferously opposing the loss of independence in the foreign policy of India. It is important to ensure sustainability for the renewable resource based life support systems and for this it is important to halt the loss of ecologically sustainable habitats and agricultural production methodologies. It is not possible to ensure sustainability for habitat designs that are based on unsustainable energy sources. Therefore, it is not possible to ensure sustainability for skyscraper laden urban habitats. Urban areas with energy intensive shopping malls need to be brought within ecologically sustainable limits. For this to happen, it is important to support adoption of ecologically safe and socially inclusive governance framework.<br />
<br />
Youths as drivers of change processes and communication for transition to ecologically safe life support systems locally and globally <br />
<br />
Creating debt free money and ensuring interest free loans in not quite easy as that requires change of hearts and minds of men and women governing the various institutions who find the proposals difficult. Success of the proposals for ecologically sustainable and socially equitable economy and polity requires multiplication of men and women who uphold the criterion of piety. It is important that the pious men and women across the world prohibiting peacefully what is wrong and prescribing what is right take charge of the governance and ensure that debt free money is created, faith based measures are adopted for mitigating the impacts of climate change. It is important to understand the need to prepare for life after death as that would impel men and women to adopt faith based measures more and more. Now, the signs of ecological distress are too compelling to avoid collective and personal actions for both mitigating and halting the impacts of climate change. Signs of ecological distress affecting the lives of billions call for taking corrective action locally and globally. Youths and corporations who are market for non-renewable energy intensive services and utilities need to be in charge. Atheistic postmodernist laissez faire regimen of cultural, political and moral governance needs to be critically reviewed as they damage the survival interests of the billions in here and now and that of future generations.<br />
<br />
Hurdles in the way/ constraints<br />
<br />
There are hurdles in the way for such a massive change taking place simultaneously and globally and most pernicious among the faith based notions  are that of neo-liberal atheistic ideology where market and profit devoid of the concerns of eternal interests of mankind are permitted to have full freedom. It is dominance of atheistic neo-liberal ideology that prevents men and women from adopting the faith based pious measures for addressing the global and local challenges. Media channels such as MTV with adoring participation of youths indoctrinated in the atheistic visions of good life are busy in creating models of copy cat consumption and leisure use patterns globally with local vernacular channels following in line. Starting with English music content in 90’s now MTV has more of Hindi songs and dance forms with direct message for youths for copying the ecologically leisure use pattern including partying ,dancing and drinking of intoxicating drinks.<br />
<br />
The second hurdle is the lack on coherent national and international policy with respect to addressing the climate change. While Kyoto protocol emission target call for reduction in the emission of green house gases, national development strategies continue to be inspired by the perception of competitive disadvantage. It is dangerous to have such incoherence for long time as the assessments of climate scientists are too compelling. Speaking on the occasion of a meeting to the launch the full report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on the impacts of global warming, Professor Martin Parry, a climate scientist with MET office in UK and co-chairman of the working group for the report said, “We are all used to talking about the impact of these changes coming in the lifetime of our children and grand children. Now we know that it is us.” He added that politicians had wasted a decade in focussing on ways to cut emissions, and had woken up recently to the need to adapt. He felt that “mitigation has got all the attention, but we cannot mitigate out of this problem. We have now a choice between a damaged world and a severely damaged world”. (The Hindu 20 September 2007)<br />
<br />
The hurdle can be seen through assessing the levels of convergence for the various agencies and their functioning. While there are calls for higher rates of growth, they are not assessed in the light of the demands of ecological sustainability. Even the promotion of indexes such as “sustainability index” is not getting the required attention and it has been left to the discretion of the nations. There are evidences of lack of interagency cooperation and United National Development Programme (UNDP) appears to be working against the mandate of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Environment assessments /ministries are slighted for benefiting ecologically hostile proposals/ policies. More often than not considerations of ecological sustainability are ignored for sanctioning ecologically hostile projects. This is evident from the sanction of Special Economic Zones despite the violent and non-violent resistance of farmers in India as they did not want to give up on their only source of ecologically sustainable livelihoods through farming. Committee for Campaign on National Himalayan Policy for the ecologically fragile Himalayan region in India has been calling for redefinition of development policy. <br />
<br />
Therefore there is a need to institute a governance framework that is both ecologically safe and socially inclusive with reference to poor, old, children and women, ethnic and religious groups residing both in rural and urban habitats.<br />
<br />
Labour League Foundation along with several youth led organisations considers the need for establishing ecologically safe and socially inclusive governance with the following features:<br />
<br />
1.A governance that is cognizant of the needs of poor, rights of farmers and villages to ecologically sustainable livelihoods and habitats<br />
2.Governance that eliminates fictitious inflationary money and usurious loans created from thin air and responsible for expansion of ecologically hostile habitats<br />
3. Governance that promotes pious and ecologically safe consumption and production pattern<br />
4.A government that plans for ecologically safe disaster free future for all<br />
5.Governance that ensure ecologically safe distribution of natural resources<br />
6.Governance that works for the interests of all<br />
7.Governance that ensures policy making for the rights of children, future generations and poor<br />
<br />
 <br />
.   <br />
<br />
Diagram-4 <br />
Represents the key features of ecologically safe and socially inclusive governance <br />
 <br />
Youth strategies <br />
<br />
1.Multiplication of carbon neutral neighbourhood discussions (CNNDs) across the cities and villages <br />
<br />
These discussions initiated by youth and community elders in the neighbourhood where they gather for collective prayer, discussions and other social engagements. The recommendations of the discussions and simultaneous action compiled at various levels will be presented in the form of a memorandum to the local and world leader gathered in various summits and events accelerating the generation of ecologically safe survival and development policies and multiplication of ecologically safe survival policies. Local impacts will be generated through transformation of the leisure use pattern, consumption pattern, production systems ensuring minimisation of emission of green house gases and galvanising mass communication strategies for reduction in the personal contribution to the green house gases. The discussions on the urgency of reducing green house gases lead to the transformation of personal level consumption patterns. Centre for Ecological Audit, Social Inclusion and Governance (CEASIG), a Delhi based organisation believes that personal responses are critical for transformation of the consumption patterns. Unsustainable consumption patterns can be halted with the personal responses. Personal responses are always part of the global responses. Carbon neutral neighbourhood discussions (CNNDs) will multiply ecologically safe responses across the urban and rural areas.<br />
<br />
2.Multiplication of ecologically safe responses through promotion of green journalism<br />
<br />
Production of analytical and advisory outputs through journalists is critical and they are one of the major stakeholders in shaping the opinions, consumption patterns. Journalists writing on lifestyle can substantially influence the consumption pattern of people in the urban areas. They can help in shaping the tastes and defining the choices. Journalists are important is generating democratic consensus for halting unsustainable consumption patterns. In our times, journalists play a very critical and sometimes they are responsible for defining the social, cultural and political trends. Youth organisations call for securing the future of villages, children and future generations with ecologically sustainable habitats, consumption patterns while ensuring inter-species justice. <br />
<br />
3.Catalysing green politics <br />
<br />
Labour league Foundation and Centre for Ecological Audit, Social Inclusion and Governance along with many organisations globally will be supporting the process for open and transparent politics for instilling the importance of ecologically safe green ideals. Youth organisations will be organising meetings with the representatives of the various media organisations and political parties and seek inclusion of ecological considerations in editorial policies and election manifestoes. Media organisations need to be visionary organisations and help in the preparation for an emerging future bereft of petro-modern  consumption, transport, habitat and production systems. <br />
 <br />
4.Transformation of leisure use patterns<br />
<br />
Youth organisations and youth wish to realise the millennium development goals for eliminating the unsustainable consumption patterns and wish to do so through suggesting transformation of the leisure use pattern. Suggestions for adoption of faith based measures that are common across the religious texts need to be taken seriously as part of global cultural commons. As indicated through the diagrammatic representation of the impact of adoption of faith based measures, youths call for generating interfaith consensus for acting simultaneously for transforming the leisure use patterns. <br />
<br />
5.Calculation of ecological footprints, eliminating ecological rucksacks, returning to the ecologically sustainable habitats of the past  for securing the ecological safe future of children and future generations <br />
<br />
Youth call for dissemination of the practice of measuring ecological footprints for getting the desired actions for reducing the number of decisions involving emission of green house gases. Similarly, awareness on the loss of rocks due to excessive mining is critical for eliminating the amount of ecological losses. It is critical to value the conventional housing designs that use mud, grass, bamboo and wood. The definition of poverty considering the possession of adobe dwellings as a sign of poverty needs to be revised. <br />
<br />
6.Ecological Audit of the consumption processes and patterns <br />
<br />
The ecological audit is a concept proposed by Dr.Muhammad Mukhtar Alam, the chairman of Labour League Foundation http://muhammad_mukhtar_alam.tigblog.org .This needs to be used along with the calculation of ecological footprints, environment audit/ green audit for assessing the impact of various decision and consumption patterns. Globalisation of the ecological audit at all levels is needed for supporting ecologically sustainable consumption patterns. This is important for realising the millennium development goals for environment sustainability by the year 2015. It is proposed that reports on sustainability index are incorporated in the formulation of the ecologically safe development policy.<br />
<br />
7.Ecological Audit of the production systems / patterns <br />
<br />
Production processes need to be assessed for ecological sustainability. There are ecologically sustainable and unsustainable production processes. The workshops with corporations interested in realising the millennium development goals will be conducted for getting in the changes in production processes. Youths believe based on the predictions on the oil reserves that Petro-modern production systems do not have a long future. Reducing energy demand for ecologically unsustainable production, consumption patterns is critical for halting the expansion of deserts and regularisation of rainfalls. <br />
<br />
8.Ecological Audit of the transport systems / patterns<br />
<br />
Renewable resource based transport systems are sustainable and non-renewable resource based transport systems are not sustainable. Ecological Audit of the transport systems needs to be encouraged for all organisations and ministries dealing with transport. Minimising / Eliminating travel is critical for ecologically sustainable habitats. We need to prepare for the end of petro-modern age.<br />
<br />
9.Ecological Audit of the leisure use patterns- <br />
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There are leisure use patterns that do not use green house gas producing fossil fuels and there are leisure use patterns that are based on renewable resources and that does not involve consumption of fossil fuels. Workshop with the neighbourhood discussion leaders and resident welfare associations needs to be conducted for necessary transformation of leisure use patterns. Children, youths and elders need to be encouraged to adopt faith based measures for relaxation and stress busting. There are several studies that have demonstrated the impact of prayer and meditation on stress levels. Ecological audit of the leisure engagements need to be supported for getting the desired response for reduction in the emission of green house gases through transformation of leisure use patterns.<br />
<br />
10.Interfaith dialogue for addressing the climate change, farmer’s suicides, and social security for workers in unorganized sector and transforming finance sector  <br />
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Appreciation of the common commands for prayer, donation, compassion, charity and prohibition of usury, adultery, and homosexuality is needed with wider dissemination of the same. Adoption of these commands addresses the challenge of climate change, ecologically hostile usurious system, AIDS and so on. Inter-faith dialogue will ensure generation of responses across the faith groups. Delhi has a vibrant culture of interfaith dialogue. Sant Rajinder Singh of Sawan Kripal Ashram has been conducting the same for many years. Youth organisation need to work independently or in collaboration with faith based organisations for generating more forums of interfaith dialogue.<br />
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11.National/ regional/ city/ village based conventions on Inter Faith common responses for addressing the climate change- <br />
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Governments need to be encouraged for holding national conventions for generating consensus for adoption of faith based measures for addressing the climate change. There are cultural responses for fighting the atheistic neo-liberal cultural trends emanating from Europe and copied by youth in the name of globalisation and modernity. National Convention will address the issue of climate change through adopting the interfaith commons while preserving religious diversity and ecologically sustainable dietary, sartorial, linguistic diversities.<br />
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12.Carbon neutral Youth colloquiums / meetings / Majlis-e-Naujawan/ Yuva Harit Bharat Sabha/../../<br />
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Youths propose globalisation of local efforts for contributing in the mitigation of the impacts of climate change. Governments recognise the critical role of youths as more and more organisations led by youths are involved in consultation. It is suggested that Green youth forums with vernacular names need to be formed and discussions be held with active government support for getting the desired response pattern for halting the expansion of unsustainable consumption pattern and leisure use pattern through adoption of faith based measures.<br />
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Conclusion:<br />
<br />
Imagining the responses of the weaker species in the face of man made onslaughts on the non-renewable resources , many youths across the world recognise the threats  represented through the expression of anguish of the billions of poor who are angry, dispossessed and seeking an end to the process of non-renewable resource based usurious finance fuelled expansion of consumption and production pattern that is causing serious loss of livelihood for millions across the Earth and call upon all the governments, civil society organisations, corporations engaged in ecologically hostile production processes to boycott the ecologically hostile usurious finance and prevent further loss of ecologically sustainable habitats that are an immediate outcome of the expansion of  ecologically hostile non-renewable resource based habitats. Nations need to compete in establishing the models of ecologically safe economy, polity and culture. Youth of the world are ready to become a leader along with Muslims, Greens and men and women of the world who wish to halt the political expansion of the atheistic neo-liberal ideology that is responsible for exacerbating the ecological distress demonstrated through the increased incidence of drought and expansion of deserts causing suffering for millions. Adaptation is the weakest response and youths call for halting the negative impacts of climate change. Nothing is impossible.<br />
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Reference:<br />
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•Yacouba Noël COULIBALY (2007), “Desertification, climate change and Forest in the Sahel”,<br />
Center for International Forestry Research, Tropical Forest and Climate Change Adaptation Project, 06 BP 9478 Ouagadougou 06, Burkina Faso<br />
•www.simpol.org<br />
•www.monetary.org<br />
•www.globaljusticemovement.org<br />
•http://muhammad_mukhtar_alam.tigblog.org<br />
<br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Fri, 23 May 2008 04:45:00 EDT</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/376155</guid>
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>P5 for Prayer,Peace,Peity,Penance and Prosperity</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/248619</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[I have created this new group TIG blog for promoting the culture of prayer 5 times a day. This will lead to reverent existence for all of us here in now and ensure safe eternal abode in heaven.]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Wed, 12 Sep 2007 05:42:00 EDT</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/248619</guid>
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Global Ecological Safety, Sustainability Index and One World Governance Protocol : Towards a comprehensive solution in monotheistic framework</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/244377</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Global Ecological Safety, Sustainability Index and One World Governance Protocol : Towards a comprehensive solution in monotheistic framework<br />
<br />
Dr.Muhammad Mukhtar Alam<br />
									<br />
We need united actions and simultaneous actions globally for meeting the collective challenge to the survival of human species and preservation of renewable resource livelihoods while securing interspecies justice. Can we live without the mines?  Do we need to think of a world with diverse national goals at a time when there are global threats of similar nature? I would like to start this article with these questions and observations. The answers to the issue of natural resources for many may be in the negative considering the dominance of the products and services in the urban areas where lots of livelihoods are associated with the products that consume mines extracted from the earth. However, for many whose livelihoods are based on agriculture, cattle rearing, hunting and gathering, the answers will be very much positive. We can see the difference of the answers and we can easily see the difference ourselves if we remove the facilities made available through the extraction of mines. Many living in the urban areas for generations can see the livelihoods of ancestors who were not trading in commodities and those who were not living by work that did not involve agriculture. Many of us now living in the urban areas can also get back to our rural roots and see that there were few houses built with concrete and steel and most of the houses used to be made of mud, wood and grass with minimal use of iron. They were generally single storied. Thus, we can see that it is the predominantly mines based multi-storeyed housing that has been consuming more and more products based on the mines. Extraction of the mines has been facilitated with petro-modern transportation systems. Earlier, it was also not possible to transport huge quantities of mines from one place to another due to severe logistic limitations. <br />
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I would like to relate to my participation in Eternal Voyage, an international meet of tribal and indigenous / analogous people in December 1993 at Bhopal, India where, I has presented a paper called "Tuning in the Certainty Mode of Expression and breaking the monotony of probabilistic mode of Expression "  while coordinating the participation of a multi-national team of student and research scholars. Considering multiple discourses on the conception of good life, just world order, limits to the sustainability of the consumption and production patterns, the paper written in form of questions and answers had been done considering oneself on the death bed answering some of the  questions of a younger brother who wished to learn on the justification of my academic thesis " Cognitive Representations related to the Concept of World Citizen". It would have been interesting to reproduce the paper that included questions related to the questions of collective survival equations, eternal rhythm and sustainability of the mines based (industrial) and grass and hut based (agricultural and pastoral) civilization. Nonetheless, I would like to note that while proposing the concept of Eternity Index /Sustainability Index in the paper, I had resolved to call for urgent transformation of the consumption and production patterns globally that were based on the utilization of the mineral resources and fuels .I knew that this would not be possible, as transformation of such a magnitude will not be planned and executed democratically. Thus, I had to look for the middle path where there is relatively balanced use of the mines based products without harming the long term sustainability of the consumption and production that are directly linked to the survival equation of all .By 1994, I concluded that, it is only the global adoption of faith based measures that can help in the transformation with minimum loss .The realization further deepened with the formulation of conceptual organization that was an outcome of textual encounter with a British journalist Juliet Reynolds on the terms of criticism in arts and culture. My conceptual organization for the academic dissertation on “A Study of the Cognitive Representations related to the Concept of World Citizen” can be seen as the first post on http://muhammad_mukhtar_alam.tigblog.org<br />
<br />
<br />
Now, I would like to relate to the endeavours for world citizenship and the virtual congress that is being organised in the month of July 2006.  While expressing gratitude for the opportunity, I would like to mention that I have been advocating global adoption of faith-based measures for decelerating the consumption of mines based unsustainable consumption and production patterns in the e-forums of World Bank and UNDP. While relating to all the commands of God, I have been focusing on the need to adopt the command for prayer 5 times a day as the best instrument for personal regulation, transformation of leisure use pattern, reduction and deceleration of the consumption based on the utilisation of mines based services and utilities. In a dialogue with Craig Hubley, a teacher at Free University Of Toronto, it was mutually agreed that for getting the best mediation by the leaders and other decision makers, practice of prayer and meditation is important. We discussed several dualisms and we agreed that it is the atheistic ethicists and social designers who need to appreciate the importance of the culture of prayer and its impact for World Unity for Social Equity, Global Ecological Safety and Distributive Justice for renewable resource based livelihoods across the world as we may not have full-scale replacement of non-renewable energy based transportation systems that very much define the notions of 'progress', 'development' and 'growth'.<br />
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The mining in Himalayas and other mountainous regions is due to the globalisation of fossil fuel based mobility and transportation system and idealization of urban space with skyscrapers and flyovers. Apparently this cannot be stopped but it can be assuredly moderated and regulated.  There is a global upsurge of people's movements most notably manifested through the organization of World Social Forums. There are movements where identities are instruments of mobilization for addressing relative deprivation of all the status markers of "progress"," growth" and "development". In addition, there are state actors involved in the process of exclusivist nation building process undermining the human rights of indigenous populations and ecological rights of the future generations. In all these national building movements and endeavours, there is an underlying desire to seek more and more of unsustainable consumer goods and housing without considering the short future of petro-modern  lifestyles, consumption and production processes. Distributive justice remains one of the key ideals for class and gender based movements. We may have better scenarios of distributive justice and there are struggles for the distributive justice for these petro-modern products as well. This may be noted that call for distributive justice in the Marxist framework had been for all that all the products and services that are needed for survival and also for those products that are not directly related to survival. However, considering the limits to the sustainability of the mine reserves, one can see that call for distributive justice for all the fossil fuel based services and utilities is an unsustainable vision in the same way as availability of all the mines based production and consumption is a transitory phenomenon, if we think of a long future for humanity (with the will of God/Allah/Ishwar/---/--/ the Creator and Master of all the heavens and earth). <br />
<br />
Thus, it can be inferred that rationalization of the mining in Himalayas can be achieved with the globalisation of relatively sustainable agricultural consumption and production patterns. Additional local endeavours will be needed to safeguard sustainable livelihoods in the Himalayas and eschew imitation of the petro-modern consumption and production processes. However, this may not be effectively achieved in isolation as globalisation of unsustainable fossil fuel based consumption, production and transportation systems goes apace with the advice of free market economists and atheistic liberal social designers who will not be content without the globalisation of "formal democracy"  with globalisation of the consumption of fossil fuel based consumption and production processes. None the less, there is a need to seek globalisation of sustainable consumption and production pattern so as to avoid suffering of many, in the future who may not find full scale replacement for the fossil fuel based transportation systems. Thus there is need to find urgent solutions for ensuring that our future in the cities are safeguarded trough deceleration of the consumption of non-renewable renewable resource based consumption. Thus, safeguarding Himalayas and such other mountain ecologies is possible with stronger local efforts along with global movement for decelerating the consumption of fossil fuel based services and utilities.There is need to establish one governance protocol for realising such as deceleration as atheistic neo-liberal governance models are not leading us to safety and more and more nations are facing the contradiction of the call of non-renewable resource based development standards and the call of ecological safety, bio safety and environmental sustainability.<br />
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Also, Kyoto Protocol emission targets incorporated in the UN millennium development goals point out the need to decrease the emission of green house gases that has influenced vital eco-systems. It is sad that prominent nations such as US and Russia are not interested in ratifying the protocol. In the case of US, arguments have ranged from preserving the present lifestyle to adopting alternative means for reducing the emission of the green house gases. As part of alternative strategies investments are being made both by EU and US for research in hydrogen gas fuel and increasing production of renewable energy .As of now, no major development has taken in transforming the energy use pattern in EU and US other than test running a hydrogen powered vehicle in Iceland. Green Party in German wishes to have more renewable energy by 2020 without ensuring effective and time bound measures for reducing conspicuous consumption. I believe only the adoption of faith based spiritual measures is helpful in reducing the consumption of fossil fuel based services and utilities as men and women would be able to give up some of consumption decisions for leisure and pleasure through replacing them by adoption of faith based measures. Muslims practicing prayer 5 times a day do not visit dancing halls and bars and travel long distances for leisure as they need to abide by the commands of God for offering prayer in time. This helps in the minimization of the consumption of the non-renewable resource based services and services. More explanations can be seen later.<br />
<br />
The urgency for the adoption of means for radically transforming the consumption pattern gets more urgent as we have more and more and evidences of the impact of global warming reported in the newspapers and journals. There are other distressing pointers to the ecological degradation of the Himalayas. Gangotri and Siachen Glaciers are receding due to global warming and human activity. The long military presence in Siachen and pilgrimage tourism to Gangotri has undermined the purity of the invaluable water resources. Glaciologist Syed Iqbal Hasnain is worried that our failure to act will aggravate water scarcity and ecological degradation to dangerous levels .  The interview with S.I Hasnain had been conducted in the background of Ronald Emrich film " The Day after tomorrow" that has dramatized the impact of global warming in the form of Big Freeze. While considering the big Scenario unlikely, Mr. Hasnain has pointed out that we are indeed facing a global warming crisis for the first time in the 4.5 billion year history of earth, which has been provoked entirely by human activity. 15000 years is considered the normal gap in the cyclical patterns of global warming and freezing.  Thus, next ice age according to Mr. Hasnain is expected not before another 10,000 years. It has been pointed out that glaciers are receding all over the world. One of the important impacts of the receding glaciers in Himalayas is availability of water in the glacier fed rivers. Eighty percent of the water in the Indus, Ganga and Brahmputra rivers are fed by melting snow and ice. The life of these rivers is entirely dependant on glaciers. Water supply in these rivers cannot be sustained if ice is not replenished. It has been pointed out that human activity due to pilgrimage to Gangotri, army presence and trekking is contributing to the eco-degradation of the Himalayas. There are more evidences indicating impacts of the global warming. Not much is being done to arrest the receding of the glacier and everything is being left to chance. Several such evidences are spread over globally and environmentalists are feeling more and more frustrated.<br />
<br />
Mining in Himalayas along with the activities of road construction created ecological impact. Chipko movement and then later other movements based has brought the issues of ecological degradation to the fore in Uttarakhand. The movement helped in the global build-up for ecological safety and it strengthened the voice of Greens in Europe and Americas. Realizing sustainability goals for Himalayas is like realizing the sustainability goals of all the mountain system. The movements are local but then scale of intervention is global. Therefore, it is important to understand all the factors that are responsible for the continued failure in making substantial changes for realising the ecologically sustainable future for people in Himalayas and elsewhere. I would like to address the issue through analysing the sustainability conditions of the consumption patterns and then analysing the movements, ideologies and religions that all have a bearing on the fate of not only the people in the Himalayas but all over the world. <br />
<br />
Sustainability of the mines based / industrial and grass based /agricultural consumption and production patterns<br />
<br />
Considering the history of consumption and production patterns, it can be easily imagined and observed that only agricultural and pastoral consumption and production patterns are sustainable so long the Sun is alive with the provision of rain and air. Mines extracted in various forms are limited and thus definition of growth and progress based on the availability of mines is also transitory. Diagrammatic representation for sustainability value of mines based and agricultural based consumption pattern show the sustainability values for the consumption patterns. It is in this background that call for redefining "progress" of the ecological economists such as Richard B. Norgaard, Pavel Kasyanov, Greens, Gandhians, pious Muslims, Christians, Jews ,Sikhs and others need to be understood. Considering this fact, we can see that a global transformation of production and consumption patterns is urgently needed so that our concerns for ecological safety for our generation in here and now and for the future generations are addressed while ensuring best mechanisms for distributive justice  for the renewable resources and survival equations based on the same.  <br />
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Diagrammatic representation of the values of consumption pattern on the Sustainability Index is shown above. I had proposed the value to range from 0 to 1. Renewable resource based consumption have the value of 1 while non-renewable resource based consumption have the value of 0 as they will not be available in all the possible future time. Believers in the Day of Judgement seek both temporal and eternal well being while atheists seek temporal well being only.<br />
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This fact is quite well known to quite a number of movements and there are several government and non-government efforts. UN agencies have been promoting the use of Sustainability Index  .For ensuring socially and ecologically responsible investing; the corporate sector and the investors in Europe are using Sustainability Index. There are environment ministries looking in the impact the development decisions on environment. Nonetheless, there is much that is urgently needed to be for desirable impact. I would like to focus on my academic conclusions, which have been made considering the political processes and movements globally.<br />
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Analysis of the prescriptive frameworks for safeguarding socially and ecologically sustainable consumption and production patterns/ lifestyle <br />
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Considering the Sustainability Index, and considering the overall efficacy of the movements, it is better to have an analysis of the movements that contribute for the realization of ecological safety, distributive justice and collective health and well being. Prescription for the direction of change for the movements will be also discussed.<br />
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Movements and their representations<br />
<br />
WSF 2004 documentation represents one of the best listing of the themes in pursuance of the demands of the various movements that are recognized worth listing by the NGO’s and movement leaders. It has not included the perspectives of the faith-based organizations. Muslims certainly have a prescription based on the communication of the messengers. WSF doctrinally affirms negation of the dominance of any vision of truth and it creates only the space for articulation of the positions without seeking a unified protocol for global governance. <br />
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Movements for gender justice<br />
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The movements for gender justice are one of the strong movements and there are calls for ensuring gender justice in all the institution of governance, education, commerce and so on. It may be considered 'heretical' in writing something that calls for the transformation of the ideals of gender justice movement in the light of the demands of sustainable consumption and production pattern required for ensuring ecological safety. My apprehension is valid only for those affirmations and political positions where provision of all the services and utilities based on the consumption of the fossil fuels is considered sustainable without recognizing the limits to the sustainability of the supplies of non-renewable resources. Achieving gender justice for all the consumption based on the non-renewable resources is not possible now. It is not possible to achieve distributive justice for all. Therefore, there is a need to transform the consumption patterns for realizing the Kyoto Protocol emission targets. This can be achieved only with rationalization of the consumption of leisure and pleasure related goods and services. Thus, it will be imperative to seek minimization of the activities involving consumption of fossil fuel based leisure and pleasure by all. <br />
<br />
Faith based instruments is recommended for replacing the leisure and pleasure need of both men and women. Decisions will lead to negative growth in tourism and entertainment industry. I would be worthwhile to create databases for the contribution of various sectors of human engagement to the emission levels locally and globally. Nations will have to rethink definition of “growth”, “development” and "progress". It is necessary to have recourse to the commands of God in texts where differentiation between men and women has not been made. "Patriarchy" is one of the important concepts that need to be reviewed for clear understanding as the use of this concept in the background of anti-religious texts has been globalised to an extent that this is considered a target to be fought along with other targets . I have argued that "patriarchy" is not relevant in monotheistic framework. There is a distinction between divine commands and man-made protocols. Manu's protocol related to women and quoted quite often is not in conformity with the monotheistic commands where men and women marry while adhering to commands in the name of God. Many writers have blamed religion to be anti-women, which is not true. Manu's protocol regarding the women's access to Veda's needs to be condemned as there exists prohibition of access to knowledge by women and shudras. There are no such prohibitive provisions in the monotheistic texts. Thus, men and women need to be appealed for having a fresh understanding of the commands of God and for this reading of Qur'an is recommended where issues having difference in the interpretation of earlier texts has been explained with communication for total submission of oneself to the commands of Allah/God/Parmatma (I think, the best word without any anthropomorphic representation in the polytheistic pantheon is paramatma. Scholars of Sanskrit may help in finding the equivalent of the word Allah with 99 names in Arabic language .All the name with similar meanings in other languages are equally the names of the Omniscient and the Omnipresent).<br />
<br />
Thus abidance of the commands by both men and women related to prayers and tithes/zakat with belief in the Day of Account will lead to the harmony between men and women and then among the various groups. In the governance, it would be possible to establish "piety" as the criterion for leadership. The degree of his and her abidance to the commands of Allah determines piety of a man and woman. It may be not possible but then we can direct the energies in this direction and this will have best reward for all of us here in this world and hereafter. We need to consider this urgently or else we will continue to debate "alternatives" without having a personal and collective impact. Large conferences will continue to be labelled as eco-hostile activity. WSF 2004 has been criticized for this reason. A beginning can be made by transforming WSF agenda, that is a forum for debates on alternatives while individuals and associated movements /groups take local and global action. The virtual congress on global governance is a significant occasion to the decisively define a globally acceptable protocol of global governance with fullest participation of faith leaders and pious scholars. I would like to communicate for the acceptance of monotheistic protocols of global and local governance for meeting the challenges peacefully and democratically.<br />
<br />
Establishing "piety"/taqwa in Arabic eliminated ideas based on the understanding of race and caste. In the deconstructionist discourse, power is analysed without providing definition of truth. In the monotheistic communication "power" belongs to Allah and men and women are commanded to judge on the basis of the criterion provided by Allah. The virtual Congress on World Citizenship and Democratic Global Governance could be an occasion to generate a consensus for the acceptance of the monotheistic criterion as the one that can unite all.  <br />
<br />
Movements for distributive justice<br />
<br />
Till the fall of USSR, we had this major fear of nuclear holocaust. Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev are credited with the admission that a nuclear war cannot be won. Gorbachev called for the de-ideologisation of foreign policy and opening up of the polity of USSR for safeguarding the humanity from ecological disaster and nuclear holocaust. Marxist Leninist framework was an atheistic framework where private ownership was eliminated. With the fall of atheistic communist governments in most of the countries, we still have movements calling for the distributive justice based on the undifferentiated vision for consumption. I have argued for the continuation of the struggles for distributive of renewable resources in monotheistic framework by collecting all the commands in various textual traditions. I consider this extremely important, as there is need to stop the bloodshed that is happening the in states of India and Nepal. There is need to seek consensus on the need for ensuring both public and private contributions for ensuring justice. Taxation ensures the money for public works and governance while donation helps people in the neighbourhood (Also in the ICT enable global neighbourhood). Wesley E Burt has proposed collection of three tithes as per the communications of God/Allah and he has been arguing since last many years for correcting the systemic defects in the US social, economic policy. I have been arguing for recognising the need to abide by the commands and focussing on the need to affirm the monotheistic framework for sorting out the disputes on all issues. <br />
<br />
I would like to argue following the commands as communicated to the messengers and recorded in holy texts. (Zakat in Qur'an, tithes in Bible, Dhatrmada and Daan in the Sanskrit texts) that establishing monotheistic standards will help in ensuring best distributive justice as men and women while seeking the best here in this world will also seek best in the hereafter. Greed is tackled best with faith in the Day of Account for which best rewards are guaranteed for those who have spent in charity out of the sustenance provided by God. Considering the death as a certainty and then considering the need to have a resplendent record for the Day of Account, a believer is motivated in the contributing optimally for the poor, relatives, orphans, and widows. Percentage of earnings paid annually has been decided and there are established proportions among the faith groups. I would like to suggest that this is taken as a priority for the new WSF meeting as we cannot be happy with the fratricide generated out of grievance based on the lack of distributive justice. We already have innumerable narrations on the iniquitous globalisation among the monotheists, polytheists and atheists. It is important to consider all men and women as part of one family. It is important to seek best guidance from God/Allah as Allah and Allah only can be our best guide with our prayers and endeavours. Strong monotheistic tone here may be construed as representative of religious fundamentalism. However, considering the dominance of atheistic fundamentalism with Satan as the companion, it is important to communicate the path of progress both in temporal and eternal sense as per the promise of Allah that will never fail. We have already created means for collective suffering. By not uniting our voice in submitting to the will of Allah, we will continue to differ while suffering disasters here in this world and assuredly in the hereafter. We can imagine the interest of the children in 40th century. Allah knows better. Terraforming  Mars may create some colonies but how many will afford travel for three years in the space. Debates continue on the ethics of such ventures while things on earth can be very well managed with the blessings of Allah and then with our own humble efforts. Earth has been created with everything in proportion. Atheists do not see any purpose in the creation of seven skies and earth as per the recorded divine communication in Qur'an . <br />
<br />
Movements for Ecological Democracy<br />
<br />
Movements for ecological democracy can be assessed from the documents of the Green movements all over the world. Major conclusion of the movements are for widening democracy for including effectively the concerns of the development displaced, indigenous people, children and women while having a deep recognition of the fact that globalisation of the development model supported by WTO, World Bank and IMF and other donor organizations is not sustainable. World Social Forum is an interesting forum that has helped movements to come together and discuss alternatives. Forum does not include the participation of the representatives of the governments in their official capacity. Indian Social Forum organised in the month of November 2006 plans to find out alternatives to corporate globalisation. As a member of the Programme Committee, I have argued for the creation for space for prayer 5 times a day at least for the Muslim participants while suggesting to all others the need to practice prayer and meditation 5 times a day.<br />
<br />
Considering the need to have a rapid appraisal of the decisions of the movements represented in the World Social Forum this may be pointed out that there is an absence of consensus on reforming the finance system, model global governance, model code of conduct, definition of human rights and so on. Muslims and Catholics can never agree to the advocacy for permissive legislation for the homosexuals. Polytheists may not agree to the call for global adoption of prayer 5 times a day despite the fact that command/prescription for prayer exists in a Sanskrit text called Shiv Sankalp Sutra . Upholders of the theory of Gaia will not agree to the call of Muslims for faith in the oneness of God. Christians may agree to the presence of commands against drinking intoxicating drinks but they may not join in the call for establishing governance for upholding the word of God. Jews will agree to the presence of the commands against usury but then they would like to limit the application of the commands within Jews only while Muslims call for the abolition of usurious finance systems not only for themselves but for all. There are areas where positions are non-negotiable by the upholder of various visions of social and world order. There is need to bridge the cognitive gaps and this may not be possible without men and women joining in together for upholding some common values and establishing global communities of practice. Democracies are built around common shared visions with space for all the alternative and opposition visions. Muslim democrats like to see generation of democratic consensus for abidance to the commands Islamic democracies are for ensuring the communication of the commands of Allah. I would like to argue that the ideals of ecological democracy are established best in seeking affirmation and practice of the commands of Allah. Islamic Democracy of Iran is a good example of governance model that needs global acceptance for ensuring ecological democracy.<br />
<br />
WSF as a matter for fact stands for negation of claim for a globally acceptable model. This can be also seen that without reforming the finance system and without correcting the systemic defects, inclusive democracy with reference to the rights of indigenous people and development displaced for ecologically sustainable and equitable consumption and production pattern cannot be realized. This is only possible with maximization in the number of people who are compassionate for the fellow human beings, who spend in charities, who establish prayer and who believe in the Day of Judgment. Atheistic materialists, social theorists and futurologists are good in agonizing on the problem, seeking best pleasures and leisure here in this world while not considering the fate of men and women in the hereafter end up prescribing solutions that are voluntary and not for global abidance. Pious Muslims, Christians, Hindus and Buddhists and all the followers of religions don’t value their prescriptions, as they are not morally sound. More often than not, atheistic communicators are found to be supporter of adultery, homosexuality and usury. <br />
<br />
In the faith based communication, while sustainability is real only for the life in the hereafter and not with the existence of this earth for the all the time. Polytheistic communicator on the vision for a better world appears to be content through denouncing the monotheistic visions for social order. More often than not polytheists and atheists join in denouncing the monotheistic communication as intolerant recalling some of the experiences from the past and then some from the presents where Muslims are found to be part of violent actions. <br />
<br />
Considering the above, we can see that there are at least three visions for the strategies and outcome of ecological democracy namely atheistic, polytheistic and monotheistic. Targets are clear but then instruments are not prescribed for common abidance. It is with regard to such a lack of vision for the effective instrument that goes beyond opposing the globalisaiton that, I would like to discuss the communities of practice and its implications for immediate ecological and biological safety. I would like to keep these categories for defining discursive narrative in active consideration, as the categories of capitalism, socialism and neo-liberalism are not quite representative of the people who are following various religions. We can see there are atheistic capitalists, polytheistic capitalists and monotheistic capitalists as they have different perceptions on the use of wealth acquired through production and services. There are atheistic socialists, polytheistic socialists and monotheistic socialists, and there are atheistic feminists, polytheistic feminists and monotheistic feminists. Also then there are atheistic communists, monotheistic communists and polytheistic communists. There are hypocrites, who are mere opportunists looking for a good bargain. With the best tolerance rendered for the various groups, it would be still important to find our the common axis for action and practice for getting the results for social equitable and ecologically sustainable democracy that work for the best interests of all here in this world and hereafter. I am not sure whether this can be realised for all. There are just too many differences and too much of ‘ignorance’. I recall the debates on the conception of ignorance. For Muslims, all who reject the signs of Allah and commands of Allah are rebellious and they will have to face chastisement if they do not repent. I also realise that ecologically, the time for repentance is now for many who reject the commands of Allah and pursue the whims of atheists without knowing the final outcome for the personal, collective and eternal well being. I also realise that I am writing all this for responding to the search for socially equitable and ecologically sustainable habitats, mountain, and lifestyles as that is the key stimulus for this piece of writing recognising that there are many who wish only for temporal well being only as they do not believe in eternal life of the souls. <br />
<br />
At this point, I am tempted to recall the importance of Islamic democracies where there is an agreement for abiding to the commands of Allah and then seek consensus and consultation on the issues that are not reflected in the Qur’aan and traditions of Muhammad (Peace be Upon Him). I have a strong feeling for defending Islamic democracy, as I believe this will deliver all the goods. Muslim praying five times a day not only endeavour to get a better deal on the Day of Account but they also cause minimum ecological footprints. Though, seen differently, they are thankful for the bounties of nature and they wish to share with all without realising the call for ecological democracy.<br />
<br />
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Limits of the movements and political parties seeking the best world through atheistic and polytheistic model of governance <br />
<br />
I would like to start with the Narmada Bachao Andolan, a movement led by Gandhians. Governments successively have failed and the best response conceived is in terms of land for land for those who are to be displaced. There has been call for implementation of alternative development paradigm. There are references for the same in so many communications. Millennium Development Goals has an affirmation for the call for ensuring environment sustainability for the consumption and production patterns. Still, there is absence of discussion on the final contours of  “alternative” for global acceptance. NBA does not have the script for global adoption though they are part of the expressions of dissent across the world. Sunderlal Bahuguna once said that for the modern world dollar has become like God. He was repeating the old critique where people are denounced if they do not appreciate the call of ‘dharma’ and worship money only. There are many pious Hindus who agree with Muslims on so many things if they are pointed out the reference in the Sanskrit text for the commands of Allah recorded in Qur’an. There are many Christians and Jews who too agree to the importance of the global adoption of prayer 5 times a day but then they are not yet ready too get beyond the framework of nation state.  If we read the manifestoes of the political parties; we do not get much reference to the ecological sustainability. There are political parties that defend the preservation of cultural values but they do not relate to the measurement of ecological footprints of the consumption patterns. It is critical to have a manifesto that relates to the consideration of ecological sustainability for the vision promoted for the nation. We cannot trust the vision for energy security and energy independence for India country, as this has not been achieved for any nation till now following the dominant unregulated mode of development with freedom for all communications and with dominance of leaders who do not uphold the standards of ‘piety’ to be the main criterion for leadership. There are Greens like Craig Hubley who seek leaders to be the practitioners of prayer and meditation for being better mediators on behalf of the people they serve. <br />
<br />
Rastriya Swamsevak Sangh has a racist vision for Indian that are not based on facts and that supports inequitable and exploitative processes. There is a need to reform the key operational ideology of Rashtriya Swamsevak Sangha. Political mobilisation of dalits has further discredited them and their attempts to consolidate Hindu identity are based on hatred for scheduled caste, Muslims and Christians. It is strange that while acknowledging all types of religious practices, they do not appear to the accommodative of the propagation of the monotheistic practices and beliefs by Muslims, Christians and Jews as they limit their appreciation of the role models worshipped in the polytheistic pantheon that are based in India. They forget the migration patterns and other evidences that distinguish them from the indigenous population in India.  They wish to impose their understanding of a "Hindu" nation. Republicans in US are not responding to the ecological needs and they continue to deny the impacts of global warming. Indian and Chinese politicians wish to pursue nationalist goals that are based on the abundance of non-renewable resource based services and comforts in the rural and urban areas while not realising the sustainability of the non-renewable resource based power. US is on the verge of entering a nuclear deal with India while ignoring the legitimate claims for the same by Pakistan, Iran and so many other nations.<br />
<br />
Therefore, it is important to uphold the pious standards and seek wider consent through persuasive communication. It is equally important to delete the impact of the social designers who continue to stall faith-based prescriptions in monotheistic framework. Many have not been able get beyond the negative experience of Church is some matters that were clearly responded by Allah/God through communications to Muhammad (Peace be upon Him) and recorded in Qur'an.)<br />
<br />
Non State Actor and their call for "another world order"<br />
<br />
Maoists, Islamists, Dalits and NGOs all call for a world order and endeavour for building another world. There are common points of aspiration without having a consensus on the points of action, as there are different worldviews and conceptions of justice. Hindus nationalists are not acceptable to dalits, tribals, women and indigenous people, as they are understood to be supporters of the social order of Manu. Dalits call for the establishment of an alternative world order based on the teachings of Buddha. Atheistic neo-liberals calling for granting homosexuals positive social space are not acceptable to all who uphold the family and who support the normality of the heterosexual marriage. These differences are critical as they are the hurdles for realising the ecologically sustainable habitats/livelihoods for all. There are so many ecologically hostile travels that are taking place for addressing the root cause of suffering, poverty, AIDS as comprehensive solutions are not worked out. Some sort of hope is attached for the future and some sort of synergy is sought for the proposition of advocacy without compromising on the positions that are ecologically hostile. For example, Global Call Against Poverty deliberated on the need to reform the national and international finance institutions.<br />
<br />
Need for synthesis<br />
<br />
Therefore there is need for synthesis for defining one governance protocol for meeting the local, national and global challenges. This is needed for ensuring protection of ecologically sustainable livelihoods/transportation systems and habitats in Himalayas and elsewhere as there is absolutely no guarantee for the energy security. There is need have a paradigm for social unity and global unity. There is need to ensure minimisation of the consumption of resources that produce green house gases. There is a need to produce measures and policies that protect the cleanness of water in the rivers such as Yamuna where 386 million litres of wastewater is flown from Delhi. This synthesis is needed with open mind for considering divine information and revelations of the messengers. We need this synthesis to be effected in the minds of men and women globally and locally. We need to get back the communications for eternal well being of the souls. We need to find one pole for governance of all with patience and compassion. Atheistic 'modernist' utopia has been denounced and there are indeed challenges that are being faced locally and globally. We need to get rid of the mindsets where children are prohibited to display the religious signs in the schools. Instead, we need to create spaces for dialogue information about the diverse religions for the children.<br />
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Monotheistic framework for global unity/world unity considering the ecological challenges<br />
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I have argued for global adoption of monotheistic framework after analysing the analytical and prescriptive narratives by academicians, scientists deriving their moral ethical standards from the religious, ideological traditions. It is important to organise people of the world around one pole and endeavour for unity. Islamic/ Monotheistic framework is the framework for social and global unity as only the standard of piety is considered the most important standard. Race, language, geography are the creation of God and that is not due to some human intervention. Globalisation of atheistic neo-liberal consumption patterns has to be transformed through the globalisation of the culture of prayer, donation, patience, thanks giving, forgiveness and so on.  There are related commands in the  various texts. There are implications for education, governance, consumption pattern, financial institutions, and production patterns, as we need to privilege the standard of piety for all the world citizens all over the world.<br />
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Other impacts of the adoption of monotheistic framework<br />
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•	Prevention of usurious transaction as men and women following the commands will stop charging interests for the loans. There are movements for transforming the finance sector where conclusions have been drawn from secular analysis suggesting the need for liberating loans from interests www.globaljusticemovement.net <br />
•	Freedom from the exploitative systems <br />
•	Distributive justice through the global adoption of the commands for donation of the surplus money/ commodity<br />
•	Social unity in the abidance to the commands of God/Ishwar/Allah<br />
•	Elimination of caste/class/tribe based discrimination as a result of the global appreciation of oneness of humanity<br />
•	Deletion of the impacts of the atheistic and polytheistic social designers and contradictions <br />
•	Transformation of the consumption patterns through global adoption of the culture of prayer<br />
•	Transformation of the leisure use pattern for creating time for prayer 5 times a day<br />
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Toward a solution <br />
<br />
Therefore, we can consider the global, local and personal adoption of the commands to be the final solution for addressing the problems that are felt by various groups not only in the Himalayan region but also in the rest of world. There is need to promote the culture of prayer and donation of the surplus wealth for the needy, orphans, the relatives, families in the neighbourhood (40 households in all directions are considered neighbourhood according to one saying of Prophet Muhammad and they do appear optimum for a household that can be taken care of . Now, with the assistance of ICT enabled value transaction, the whole world is also treated as a neighbourhood by some who can afford to pay but then physical proximity is what matters more.) We can get the best results through teh ICT enabled communication environment across the cities for transforming the consumption pattern as that is what is needed addressing the ecological challenges locally and globally. We need to promote global adoption of prayer 5 times a day. I have shared with several e-forums and I would like to share this with the participants in the First Virtual Congress on World Citizenship and Democratic Global Governance that is being held in the month of July 2006. As part of recommendations , I would like to share the following that is contained in my PhD work on World Citizenship:<br />
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Recommendations for a just world order <br />
Following is a section from my academic work<br />
<br />
Recommendations for a just world order<br />
<br />
The investigator would like to submit the following for further dissemination:<br />
<br />
v There is a need to build up consensus for global unity in the monotheistic framework. The atheistic, polytheistic and animist prescriptions need to be understood as a representation of false consciousness. Shortcomings of the nation state system can be addressing by global adoption of Islam. Aside from being a proposition of an acquired faith in Islam( that is an abstract noun in Arabic language for an intellectual and political stance that is based on submission ot the commnands of Allah/God/nirguna Brahmm/.../.../ communicated through the messengers of Allah) , this is also being submitted keeping into consideration the global need to decelerate, rationalize and prioritize the consumption of the exhaustible resource. Faith in the afterlife (heaven and hell) need to communicated for best moral regulation. It may be more dangerous to wallow in the chaotic discourse in the atheistic and polytheistic framework as objective social, political and cultural condition on our Planet calls for an urgent need for global unity and just world governance. Earth belongs to all as per the command of Almighty and many philosophers have also expressed the same. Global Family has been an idea and there is a need for a political realization of the same in the monotheistic framework. UN may consider for itself a more active role defined in the light of Qur'an. The researcher would like to contribute further in this regard. Delhi University may also take an active role in this by organizing an intensive interdisciplinary workshop on assessing the different frameworks of global governance. The researcher can contribute 250 of inputs of the conference on globalization. Also there are some e-lists that are discussing the models of global governance.<br />
v The impact of the proposition presented, as conclusive prescription can be further tested and reasoned. A consensus may emerge for our collective interest. <br />
v There is need to revisit foundationalism with reverence for the commands in Qur'an. Some commands can be interpreted for contextual limits. There is a command for the utilization of the best means of persuasion. Allah had also reprimanded Muhammad (PBUH) for not considering himself a guardian over the men and women and their belief.<br />
v Some theorists in Psychology need to be denounced for the appropriation of atheistic, polytheistic and animistic content evolutionary content. Pure and unalloyed monotheistic framework needs fresh consideration for the spiritual/religious identity. There is need to denounce the Freudian notion that God as a concept has been invented for replacing the Father figure. Anti church discourse needs to be reviewed for a fresh reconstruction of history of ideas, history of science and then the philosophy of science. Charles S. Pierce, a philosopher of Science is considered to have founded logical socialism , condemned the pragmatism of Nietzsche (of God is dead fame) and Dewey by calling it vulgar and advocated pragmaticism. Pierce's position has been reported to mean that, the world cannot be known or explained by merely by its previously fixed lawful structures but must rather continue to be developed as historical social world of institutions and habits, for which we must assume responsibility, then it becomes evident that men confront with other besides that of objectifying and explaining world through science or of converting science into efficient behavior, that is technology in the broadest sense. As members of the community of interpreters human beings must remain of the mankind subjects engaged I science and nonetheless be capable of being made the topic of rational knowledge and praxis". <br />
v The reason for the citing the above is to show the felt need for continued development of the world .The researcher recommend the incorporation of regular expressions of thankfulness for the Almighty while investigation the creation in the visible and invisible realms / universes.<br />
v Even as one understands the assertion in the work as being not completely and comprehensively explained it is suggested that there are more discussions and documentation for the development of a global framework of governance as many respondents have felt the need for the same though in many case with an apprehension for domination of the "west". As per the deconstruction of West in the dissertation it may be clear that filling of the gap in the atheistic and polytheistic narratives can be done in pure monotheistic framework. The researcher has argued for adoption of Islam for the same.<br />
v Lastly for all scientists who are concerned with the globally acceptable framework .a fresh reading of Qur'an is suggested.<br />
<br />
<br />
The researcher would like to repeat the above as many time as possible in his life to men and women who express concern for personal and collective wellbeing here in this world and hereafter. May be there is enough guidance and grace from the Almighty for more and more men and women.<br />
<br />
<br />
There is need for global adoption and practice of commands of Allah as mentioned in Qur'an. All anti-foundationalism discourses seeking a global consensus for a 'Grand Theory of all" in the atheistic, polytheistic and animistic discourses would not have the desired outcome. Every man and woman is a world citizen. Integration of Europe, though considered to be based on Christianity by some, will have more implications for the rest of the world if the American Psychiatric Association's definition of homosexuality is denounced and relevant legal provision revised for discouraging adoption of homosexuality by men and women. There is a need to respect Pope John Paul's view in this regard. This will be also in accordance with the divine commands. A prophet called Loot / Lot (Peace be upon him) has been mentioned in Qur'an to have exhorted men in his time against the same. Homosexual had mocked the prophet .God/Allah destroyed them by lightning.<br />
<br />
The researcher has looked into the need of many global and local thinkers/ scientists and philosohers who have have calling for the development of alternative paradigm. In India Narmamda Bachao Andolan and Swadeshi Jagran Manch has been also calling for the same. There are different responses to this call for the development of the alternative paradigm. Postmodernism in the Euro-American context / Western calls for denunciation all claims for metanarrative as the same will be hegemonic and too authoritative. Greens have been calling for the adoption of 'reduce, reuse and recycle' as a slogan for our times. Global security environment has been described overall peaceful by UN Security General excluding some areas. Non-Muslim leaders fear Islamists and there is a sort or consensus to fight Islamic terrorism. Green dream can be realized fast nonetheless with global adoption of culture of prayer five times a day as commanded for all in Qur'an. Globalization of the culture drinking and dancing as promoted by the governments electronic and print media in non-Islamic societies accelerates the consumption of exhaustible resources. Sustained vision for the contest and competition among the nations for having maximum access to the exhaustible resources may have many violent conflicts. Assuming absence of full scale replacement of the exhaustible resources for the future generation and also recognizing the traumatic social realities in the non Islamic socities ,global practice of commands of Allah is suggested while recognizing the continuity of monotheistic faith across the continents and time since Adam and Eve/ Hawwa (peace be on them) our common ancestor. <br />
<br />
Thus it can be seen that it was hard for the researcher to only respond on the basis of the responses of the interview schedules as conclusion of the researcher through the conceptual organization detailed in the section on findings would not have been reported as a significant outcome of investigations on "cognitive representation related to the concept of world citizen "in just world order inquiries. It is also submitted that the findings of the interview that significantly lacked relevant description of the alternative visions further firmed researcher's position up.<br />
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It would be pertinent to mention ten dimension of the normative project mentioned in the report of the world order model project by Richard Falk(1995) .They are 1. Taming war, 2.Abolishing war, and 3.Making individuals accountable, 4.Collective security, 5. Rule of Law, 6.Nonviolent revolutionary politics, 7.Human rights, and 8.Stewardship of nature9. Positive citizenship, and, 10. Cosmopolitan Democracy.<br />
<br />
While describing positive citizenship it is stated that 'the projection of a global identity, without the conditions of community, and the claim now to be "world citizens" express serious striving for humane governance, but they also arouse serious suspicions that the necessary struggles associated with the transformation are being evaded by the sentimental, New age pretense that a reorientation of the personal energy will suffice'. <br />
<br />
Following the above it can be seen that mere assertions of world citizenship has not been considered sufficient. Prescription for the 'positive citizenship' is offered and has been rightly drawn on nonviolence and human rights as inspirational sources. However according to Rachard Falk 'The greatest challenge, at present, is to reconcile the territorial dimension of citizenship with the temporal dimension: acting in the present for the sake of future ,establishing zones of humane governance as building blocks' (p.253). In response to the perceived challenge of and keeping into consideration the researcher's basic conceptual tools, it is conclusively submitted that the challenge can be best negotiated by the global adoption and nonviolent practice of Islam with patience and hope for the mercy of Allah/God/ Nirguna parameshwar, the most Beneficent and the Merciful who was neither born nor gave birth.<br />
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					<pubDate>Wed, 29 Aug 2007 05:35:00 EDT</pubDate> 
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                    <title>Note for MDG Campaign and GCAP</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/37404</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[<br />
<br />
<br />
Transforming World Bank, IMF and WTO for social equity, ecological safety and distributive justice for renewable resource based livelihoods<br />
<br />
Dr. Muhammad Mukhtar Alam<br />
Monday, March 06, 2006<br />
The context<br />
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Anti-globalization protest defines our times as much as there are endeavors for globalization of the movement of capital and technologies, labour and services, consumption and production patterns. Globalization of the non-renewable resource based consumption and production pattern has been indicted to be responsible for increase in the emission of green house gases. Millennium Development Goals has been signed along with several other documents that call for action for ensuring justice for all and ensuring an era of peace with justice. In India, Wada Na Todo Abhiyan (Keep the promises campaign) and a group of organisations organized a South Asia Peoples Summit Against Poverty in September 2005 where declarations reflected the demands of the people, marginalized all over the country.  Special sessions were conducted on globalization that called for scrutiny of the foreign capital in the country while describing World Bank, WTO and IMF as part of the “unholy trinity” that is presiding over the misery of people and destruction of planet. Declarations of the People Summit Against Poverty have been shared with UN. Civil Society organizations have organized several events under Global Call to Action Against Poverty (GCAP). There is a global UN campaign for realizing millennium development goals with calls for debt cancellation and debt forgiveness for realizing millennium development goals. Events have been planned all over the world calling for debt cancellation. Oxfam has led a campaign for debt relief and trade justice. Some announcement for debt reliefs were made but then the same was proposed for deduction from the grants that were to be provided under the official development assistance. It can be seen that debt relief is not a sustainable solution as there is no guarantee that unsustainable debts will not be created in the future. Therefore, there is a need to get beyond the call for debt cancellation and work for addressing the root cause of indebtedness within and among the nations and institutions. This paper will focus on the following:<br />
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Ø	Addressing the root cause of indebtedness<br />
Ø	Establishing linkage of the usurious finance system with the ecologically hostile development paradigm promoted as part of globalization of the prescriptions of the economists of Washington consensus and protected through the formulation of security doctrines that does not care for the ecological implications of the globalization of unsustainable consumption and production patterns.<br />
Ø	Protecting the ecologically sustainable livelihoods as part of poverty reduction<br />
Ø	Establishing local and global solidarities of action for transforming the finance sector<br />
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There are evidences supporting the case of the transforming the processes and redesigning the mechanisms that ensure freedom from indebtedness. It is important to seek redress of the root cause of the indebtedness. Forgiving the debts and transforming the debt to aid could be one time solution but ensuring protection of the local resources and revenue receipts from taxation in the highly indebtedness nations is critical for preventing the outflow of hard earned foreign exchanges. This can be done only through freeing the debt from interest as interest based debts will continue to be a reason for the outflow of the hard earned foreign exchanges and chronic indebtedness of the nations. Thus freedom from interest based debt and money is a critical step for addressing the root cause of indebtedness of the poor and developing countries that also form the group of highly indebted countries. It has been also established that continuation of interest bearing debt based financing is ecologically hostile. Creation of the infrastructure without having a guaranteed supply of the energy is also ecologically hostile.  This makes it imperative that international and national finance sector is transformed. Considering the above, the paper will attempt to address the following questions:<br />
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Ø	Why there is a need to transform the finance sector and transform World Bank, IMF and WTO<br />
Ø	What is being done at the global level towards transformation<br />
Ø	What is being done at the national level<br />
Ø	What can be done <br />
Ø	How to strengthen the movements and get results<br />
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Reasons for transforming the finance sector<br />
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Evidences are mounting indicating the need to transform the finance sector radically though there is not much discussion in the civil society about the ways transformation can be effected. Even the left has no clue, as they are more content with demonizing the capitalist order. Based on the learnings from interaction with the e-forums and movements globally, I would like to cite the following reasons for transforming the World Bank, IMF and WTO.<br />
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1.	Increasing demands on the state to ensure equity and ecological sustainability- Following the demands of the movements and scientific assessments ensuring ecological sustainability and global equity of the consumption and production processes has been accepted as a key consideration and sustainable development paradigm has been accepted to be part of the development policies of the nations that have signed the millennium development goals. Realization of the millennium development goals for sustainable consumption and production cannot be achieved without decelerating the consumption of fossil fuel based services and utilities. This is needed for meeting the challenges of the climate change and addressing the Kyoto Protocol emission targets. While technology transfer, clean development mechanisms can have impact, it is important to get the required reduction in the global emission of the green house gases through transforming the consumption, production, budgetary allocation and foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns. Eliminating generation of debt-based money is an important way to minimize the flow of money in the economies of North and South. It is important to stabilize the currency values and ensure protection to the ecologically sustainable sources of livelihoods across the world. An unprecedented heating of economies is being offered as the vision for growing economies such as India and China without realizing the limits to the sustainability condition of the exhaustible resources. There is no guarantee for ensuring sustainability of the GDP growth rates as there is no guarantee for the supplies of energy for fuelling the transportation systems based on fossil fuel based energy.<br />
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2.	Increased debt service obligation due to the charging of the compound interests- debt service obligations of the nations in South and North need to be eliminated for ecologically sustainable growth and for liberating resources for ensuring access to basic services. Some years ago India had to pay more than 40% of the tax receipt for servicing the debt. The money could have been used for developing infrastructure for providing basic services. This is applicable to many nations of the South that are advised to reform their economies for attracting more and more FDIs while being compelled to the repay the debts through getting more loans under various stabilizing mechanisms.  Charging of compound interest for both short tem and long term loans needs to be avoided as this is responsible for the outflow of the foreign currency and tax receipts /local resources that are vital for the ecologically sustainable development needs.<br />
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3.	Creation of fiat money/ usurious money is accelerating globalization of non-renewable resource based consumption and production patterns. Profit motive being the key drives all the operations of the World Bank, IMF and other regional banks such as Asian Development Bank. Making profit from want is presented as a legitimate reason for charging of interest even for the creation of productive and ecologically sustainable capacities in the developing countries. It would be important to liberate banking and finance from usury and charging of the interests. This will have salutary effect on the movement of capital, as lots of capital will be lost due to the deletion of usurious money from the books of the accounts. Banks will have no incentive for charging interest on the loans.<br />
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4.	Globalization of the discontent due to the impacts of climate change- more and more people are suffering from the impact of climate change that has been induced by the emission of inequitable consumption of the fossil fuel based services and utilities across the cities that are experiencing various sorts of globalization. Differential responsibility for addressing the climate is a hurdle that needs to be addressed. Exclusion of China and India has been resented as the countries with higher emission levels are called for meeting the targets while the developing economies are provided time. Deletion of the usurious money from the system will have a significant impact on the development financing and analytic and advisory outputs will be geared for ensuring social equity and ecological sustainability while catalyzing civil society and political action for simultaneous adoption of consumption patterns that are ecological friendly and social equitable with focus on the ecologically sustainable livelihoods. John Bunzl www.simpol.org has been advocating the principle of simultaneity for meeting the global challenges and this is need for sharing of the interest free loans at interpersonal, national and global levels.<br />
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5.	Interest based debt financing with freedom for deregulated banking creating inequitable prosperity and unsustainable accumulation of wealth. Usurious finance system is responsible for over accumulation of wealth in some countries that are benefiting some of the corporations. Instances of distributive injustices galore and they fuel the call for ensuring the divide for the consumption pattern within and between the regions and populations groups. Debt relief has been accepted for some countries that are highly indebted. Uganda is an example where sustained growth has be projected with the freedom from debt service obligations. Accumulation becomes unsustainable as there are growing economic divide within the countries that protect usurious institutions. Also accumulation of nonrenewable resource based wealth is transitory. <br />
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6.	Dispossession of the poor due to non-payment of interest based loans within and between the nations- many among the poor and dalits have lost their small landholding for paying the usurious loans collected from the moneylenders in the rural areas. Situation in the urban area may be slightly different where access to public health services is relatively better. Shaheed a construction worker got a serious injury in the head and he succumbed to death, as medical attention was not provided in time. Sajnu got his leg dismembered due to lack of medicine in right time for small wound in the leg. Bhikhan, the father of Sajnu in a village called Kishandaspur (Bihar) in Bhagalpur district and had to sell his land for meeting the medical costs for his son. There are many poor and dalits who are suffering and losing their smallholdings for meeting the medical costs in the various states of India. Arif a young boy is suffering from ulcer and his parents had to take a usurious loan of Rs.18, 000, - for meeting the medical costs. Arif is suffering from peptic ulcer and his father has taken a usurious loan for meeting the medical cost. Aseer, the father of Arif and Darudni his mother are working hard as sharecroppers for meeting the medical cost of his son and they are using the hard earned food grains to pay off the usurious loans .His parent may not be able to pay all the amount and his hard earned agricultural produce as a sharecropper will be needed to pay for the loan he incurred for meeting the medical costs. There are millions of such cases where poor and dalits are feeling the burnt of the privatization of the medical assistance services and lack of access to affordable medicine and public health delivery services. It is likely that millennium development goals for health may not be achieved if access to quality health care is not ensured and poor are not freed from pawning their meager resources. Farmers have committed suicides in the several states of India, as they have not been able to pay the usurious loans. Formation of the union of wives of such farmers named All India Widow and Destitute Women’s Movement is a testimony of the peoples suffering. They demonstrated in Delhi and met Sharad Pawar, the Union minister for Agriculture, Government of India in March. Instead of promising transformation in the policies, finance minister has announced the rate of interest for agricultural loans cannot be less than 7%. Indebtedness of the nations similarly dispossesses and deprives the nations of the vital resources and tax receipts that could be used for providing basic services. <br />
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7.	Ecologically hostile development paradigm is getting accelerated application eliminating renewable resource based livelihoods- Usurious finance system is responsible for the generation of fictitious money that is being pumped in the ecologically sustainable economies for projects that are ecologically not sustainable. This is being done through arguing for more foreign direct investment and then creating a better regulatory environment for investments. This has been part of most of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers that have been done for obviating the critique for the structural adjustment programmes that were launched in early 90s after collapse of Soviet Union.<br />
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8.	Instituting interest free transactions across the world for ensuring environment sustainability and ecological safety – For those who have been convinced of the need to remove usury from the transaction of value at various levels, it is important to transform the institutions that are involved in shaping the investment patterns across the regions and continents. There is a need to communicate on the eliminating permission for private money lending through charging of usury. There is need to communicate that all men and women believing in God and the Day of Judgment must stop charging interest on the money that has been lent. There is need to educate the future generations through including this in the curricula at all levels. There is a need to eliminate usury and interest from the loans. This could be one of the major demands of GCAP as it is easier to convince for interest free loans then debt cancellation by all the nations that are highly indebted. Returning the principal amount is easier and more dignified. Even so, forgiving debt is itself a virtuous act.<br />
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Actions at the global level<br />
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1.	Global Justice Movement www.globaljusticemovement.net argues that usury is not necessary. They have based their conclusions on the need to generate interest free loans for productive capacities. Rodney Shakespeare and Robert Ashford base their conclusions on the work on binary economics. Dr. Muhammad Mukhtar Alam has argued for the need to adopt monotheistic framework for resolving the disputes and creating a global consensus for transforming banking and money where charging interests is considered a non-negotiable foundation. <br />
2.	Norman Kurland, the director of Center for Economic and Social Justice through advocacy of the Third Way is calling for the elimination if usurious finance.<br />
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3.	American Monetary Institute www.monetary.org is seeking reform in USA. Stephen Zarlenga concluding a recent conference in Washington called for the need for wider acceptance of the need to reform the monetary system. Currently he is organizing second conference for this in the city of Los Angels. Details can be seen at www.monetary.org <br />
4.	Local exchange trading system LETS promoting barter followed by hundreds of groups across Europe www.letslink.org. There is recognition of the need to promote exchange of commodities and services in real terms rather than through using paper currency. People are already exchanging services and commodities in LETS network. More than 250 networks have been formed across Europe recognizing the evils of the paper currency and eliminating usury. The groups appear to be inspired by critical work of Margrit Kennedy: Interest and Inflation Free Money (Published by Seva International; ISBN 0-9643025-0-0; Copyright 1995 by Margrit Kennedy)<br />
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5.	JAK bank (Sweden) calls itself first interest free bank. They are running the bank based on the principle of cooperation without charging interest. All those participating in the bank are stakeholders and they are running the bank through recognizing the peoples need for transaction of value rather than for being part of the enterprise where peoples need are exploited for generating usurious profit for some of the stakeholders.<br />
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6.	Islamic banking (banks following the commands against the usury) is based on sharing of the losses and sharing of the profits and Muslims globally are interested in freedom from the usurious finance system. Allah commands all to forgive debts if possible and stop charging usury. There are several verses in Qur’an to this effect. There are commands in the Bible and Sanskrit texts as well. Muslims feel that Christians and Jews should follow the commands of God in Bible and they should join their forces for liberating banking from usury. Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Jains following the commands need to oppose partaking of the food obtained through usurious money. Thus all of us with various religious identities need to say No to usury. Saying No to usury thus is not only pleasing for God but also for establishing fair deals for fellow human beings in need. Globalisation of the usurious finance system is responsible for the ecologically hostile and socially inequitable distribution, consumption and production patterns. Thus abolition of the usury from the loans is part of the negations that are ecological imperative. In Dubai, Islamic Mint www.islamicmint.com produces e-dinars and it is selling its e-gold products following the Islamic standards. The e-dinars are produced for fulfilling the religious obligation of paying zakat better.<br />
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7.	In London, a campaign called Campaign for Interest free money has been launched www.interestfreemoney.org for making money and banking interest free. This indicates the fact that more and more people are joining the crusade against exploitative usurious finance system. There are more and more reasons to attend to the call of the movements and call for the need to transform the institutions and transform the individual mindsets that are supportive of the usurious finance system. <br />
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8.	Bernard Laitier conceived EURO and defined the exchange mechanisms. He has called for the rethinking money in an article that was published in the Ecologist. He has proposed “terra” to be the global stable currency.<br />
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9.	David Korten, the author of “When Corporations Rule the World” changed his thesis for pointing out that it is the finance system that is responsible for the over accumulation of wealth, unstable security environment and accelerating ecological degradation. In his powerful article once posted at http://intraforum.com/money, he has called for interest free money. David Korten has led the anti-globalization movements.<br />
10.	www.seektoknow.net/money contains an article produced by Samita Barua. She has built on the writings of Buckminister Fuller and argues for interest free banking and money. She writes from a Buddhist perspective.<br />
11.	Brettonwoods project is keeping a watch on World Bank, IMF and WTO and their projects and programmes. There are several movements that are weary of the machinations of the Bank and Fund though they are not exactly proposing what the Fund and Bank should. This paper contains the ideas for seeking a change in the operational principles of banking and finance.<br />
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Transforming money/finance in India  <br />
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1.	Bharat Jan Andolan has launched national Movement for the eradication of usury under the overall guidance of BD Sharma. BD Sharma has extensively worked on the state of farmers and agricultural credit details the history of dilution of laws preventing usury in Bihar and other states. He has spoken in the various forums and has called for national mobilization for liberating the debtors from compound interest.<br />
2.	South Asian People Summit Against Poverty called for transformation of the “unholy” trinity of World Bank, IMF and WTO – Peoples Summit Against Poverty was organized on 3-4 September and there was a special session on globalisation. Prof. Babu Mathew had drafted the concept paper with the input from the people’s movements. Recommendations included scrutiny of the foreign capital, transformation of the policies of World Bank, WTO and IMF. <br />
3.	Arundhati Roy has been writing extensively on the need to transform institutions through exposing the working of World Bank. Her writings and participation in the movements of the oppressed and displaced are part of the expressions of the strong opposition to the globalisation of the ecologically unsustainable development policies across the world.<br />
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What can be done<br />
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1.	Build solidarities of action and communication for transforming the finance sector – Considering the criticality of the millennium development goals, it is important to free the resources for investment is sustainable social development projects that help men and women in preserving ecologically sustainable livelihoods across the nations and regions. Governments, networks, civil society organisations, movements, citizen groups and clubs all need to call for action against usurious transaction. A Global March/Movement for Transforming Finance Sector is proposed for discussing suitable actions all over the world.<br />
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2.	Call for transforming functioning and principles of banking and money- It is important to call for transforming World Bank, IMF and WTO and make them ecological friendly and socially responsive. Considering the call for elimination of usury from the transactions across the religions, it can be seen that responses are for the pleasure of God as well and thus in the best interests of all.<br />
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3.	Seek consensus for the unified proposal for World Bank, IMF and other key banker of bankers-Islamic movements, liberals, democrats, Muslims, Greens, Left, faith leaders and all need to unite for generating the mass movement for a unified proposal for transforming institutions. As per the established procedures, first and foremost is to generate acceptance for the proposals that are ecologically sound and that serve the best interests of future generations. The consensus can be generated for liberating debts from simple and compound interest. God fearing men and women leading the governments and organization will have not difficulty in accepting the proposal. Those who do not believe in the merit of abolishing usury can be persuaded for abolishing usury considering the ecological limits to globalization of non-renewable resource based consumption, production and urban planning patterns.<br />
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4.	Include the demand for transforming money and banking in all the communications related to poverty reduction- Millennium Development Campaign has been focusing on the goals 1-7 and call to the funding consortiums have been made for increasing aid for the nations as part of goal number 8. It is extremely unlikely that goal number 7 for ensuring environment sustainability will be met unless there is a global adoption of interest free banks and debts. <br />
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5.	Combine the learning of secular and faith based perspectives for making money and banking interest free-The work of Rodney Shakespeare and Robert Ashford on binary economic analysis has proved the need to get rid of usury. Global Justice Movement recognizes the importance of Islam-submitting to the commands of Allah/God/Brham/../ communicated through various messengers in all the languages. Binary economic analysis is a secular analysis and it has been concluded that interest is not necessary. Muslims will be the happiest if they have to deal with usury free local/regional/national/international transaction neighborhood. It is only men and women who have not faith in the commands of Allah who will resist the communication based on the need to seek best here and in hereafter through eliminating usury from the transactions. Pious Jews, Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Zoroastrians, Buddhists and Jain are equally cognizant of the commands against charging interest for loans in the related Sanskrit texts. Following the dictum of not loving things that one does not like for oneself, ones own relatives and friends, it is likely that all of us following various religions will stand up against the usury and call for its abolition from our own transactions and from the transaction of institutions. <br />
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Strengthening movements safeguarding futures<br />
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1.	Environmental sustainability is linked with the development model –globalization of fossil fuel based consumption and production pattern is proving deadly for ecological safety. There are many evidences for the same. Increased intensity of the cyclones are linked with global warming that is directly related with increased emission of green house gases. Globalization of ecologically hostile development paradigm supported through usurious finance system has to be halted, as it is responsible for creating socially inequity in the consumption and production patterns at the global scale. Delhi is an example of a city that is experiencing the same. Metro project has consumed lot of space that had trees while there is no guarantee for the supplies of energy in the future. India has been forced to vote for an immoral position on Iran for securing nuclear energy with the assistance of the US and other countries controlling the supplies of Uranium. One the one hand, tribal and forest dwellers are being relocated for industrial development and defense related projects, on the other hand they are being relocated for the protecting the wild species. Such policy moves are depriving millions from access to ecologically sustainable livelihoods that had been available for millions of years. Apparently globalization of non-renewable resource based consumption and production is being sought without recognizing the facts that fossil fuels and such other treasures gifted by God is exhaustible. Dean Steele supporting the globalization of hydrogen fuelled vehicles calls for preservation of the hydrocarbons for essential need and not for leisure and pleasure.<br />
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2.	Movements and institutions need to understand the linkage and call for transforming the finance sector and transforming consumption pattern as a global imperative- There is need to understand this linkage and disseminate across the movements and CSOs. Making loans wipes out the fictitious money. Transforming consumption pattern through adopting alternative measures for leisure helps in the deceleration of the consumption of the fossil fuel based energy intensive utilities. GCAP must not promote energy intensive poverty concerts as that is an ecologically hostile activity. Several organisations and movements boycotted the same in New Delhi on 4 September. Such events are hurdles in realizing the MDGs for environment sustainability and they are part of the copycat atheistic neo-liberal globalisation of leisure use patterns that include use of energy intensive modes of people’s assemblies for communication and entertainment.<br />
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3.	Global call to action against poverty should consider this as part of consistent communication strategy- GCAP and Millennium Development Campaign ought to consider the need to free resources for social development across the regions through abolishing interest based loans and minimizing budgetary allocation for defense. The Global Compact for realizing the millennium development goals needs to consider the need to transform financing for developing through calling for interest free money and debt both for ecological justice and social justice. Outflow of large sums of money/local resources for serving the usurious debt must stop for ensuring ecologically sustainable development across the world. Money freed can be used for realizing the MDGs 1-7 while ensuring global partnership and meeting the MDG 8 for a just and ecologically sustainable world.<br />
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4.	Creating synergy through making this a cross cutting concern- There is a need to have a united recognition of the need to transforming operational principles of banking for meeting and there is need to create global mobilization of people for the same. We can see that interest free loans are good for all. We will not have to reckon with the violent armed struggles that are responsible for the loss of lives, We will have ecologically sane development across the world .We may have an utopia realized here in now that is responsive to the concerns of collective human security, ecological safety, social justice, global compact for MDGs. We would be ready to meet the interspecies justice and secure an ecologically sustainable, social just future for future generations and ourselves.<br />
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Hurdles<br />
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UN system has been advised to identify hurdles in realizing the MDG . It can be seen that usurious finance system is single most important hurdle along with exhibitionist consumption patterns that is propelled by the globalization of atheistic neo-liberal political and cultural ideology.  <br />
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1.	Economists and corporations who are interested in preserving the status quo- Economists associated with the Washington Consensus process are known to be forwarding the idea that has been captured by some as market fundamentalism. Some Greens also think that privatization of all the services will permit incorporation of the ecological costs as corporations can not run without the support of the consumers who respond to prices for their consumption patterns. Even so, we can consider the amount of ecological rucksacks and footprints that will have to be mitigated if there is no conscious global action for transforming the World Bank and other bankers. Application of atheistic social Darwinism for access to the nonrenewable resource based consumption patterns and status markers will be extremely dangerous in a world where politics of identity is being played at the global level through subjugating the class and religion based discourses for local and global governance. <br />
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2.	Men and women who wish to continue the enterprise of discontent without finding solutions through organizing ecologically hostile conferences –This is being said considering some patterns across the conferences that are organized for meeting the global challenges and for solving the global problems. The work on AIDS can be seen as an example where a faith based communications is prohibited recognizing the need to protect a privileged position for the adulterers. Meetings of the financing for development have been organized while recognizing the fact that some issues are not practical. It is likely that the propositions contained in this paper are described utopian. That is why, it is important to expand the knowledge base and seek radical solutions. Organisations such as Action Aid promoting radical solutions are expected to take the proposal for transforming the fundamental principle of banking and money for ensuring global stability and ecological safety. It is expected that GCAP will seize the historic opportunity for advocating and changing the financing for development through making it interest free. We may have a better scenario for poverty in the year 2015, if we could ensure that financing for MDGs is debt free.<br />
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3.	Political parties that are not aware of the long-term needs – Green Parties across the world though with a following of the minority are cognizant of the need to address the ecological challenges. Left do not appear to be arguing specifically for meeting the ecological challenges as they still appear not to be distinguishing between the call for distributive justice for nonrenewable and renewable resource based livelihoods. Even so, outcome of their resistance for halting the march of atheistic neo-liberal capitalism are eco friendly. They need recognize the contribution of the faith based political parties such as Christian democrats, PAS , Hamas and others across who recognize the importance of seeking eternal well-being for all through promoting the use of faith based measures. Use of violence by some groups can be seen in the specific social, political and cultural context. Maoists in Nepal seek establishing of constitutional democracy (The Hindu, Feb 9-10 2006) with or without the monarchy. They have been calling for an end to the monarchy for promoting competitive democracy and seek the change though violent actions if required. There is need for all the political parties to understand the collective challenges .It would be useful for colleagues in GCAP and MDG campaign if the conferences were organized for educating the political leaders across the world. It is possible to generate agreement on the commons for transforming the finance sector as the call is being made utilizing both secular and faith based arguments. Government and corporate sector could also organize meetings and discussion for establishing the argument for transforming the finance sector and consumption patterns. Governments are responding to the same and the pace can be accelerated with the formulation of key propositions that are addressing for eliminating the crosscutting hurdles.<br />
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4.	Lack of education on the faith-based alternatives- there is significant absence of education on faith-based alternatives for addressing the issue of poverty, indebtedness, and development and there are strong resistances globally for the faith-based alternatives. Author has grown to believe that adoption of the commands of God noted in the texts of various religious traditions is needed for facilitating decisions against usurious finance system. There are calls for resisting and opposing the globalisation of the economic system but then there does not exist articulation and discussion on the faith based alternatives as that is associated with Samuel Huntington’s thesis on clash of civilizations and then crusades.Understanding the common for united response is critical and there is a need to get beyond atheistic indoctrination for denouncing the faith based measures. There are assessments of the “postmodern” condition without any prescription for an alternative form of economic, political, cultural and global governance. <br />
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Solutions<br />
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1.	Institutionalization of the discourse on transforming the finance sector –This is being proposed considering the need to educate for global action, as we may not get the results quickly. The ICT enabled communication; capacity building and dissemination packages will be able to quickly transmit the key arguments with local actions across the world. Inclusion of the interest free banking as a theory and practice is an urgent academic innovation that needs inclusion in the teaching of economics across the world. As of now, there does not exist arguments for interest free banking derived from the faith based communications as they have been ignored by the atheistic rationalists. Already there are associations of ecological economists who have been arguing for rethinking progress. Richard B Norgaard has called for the same through exposing the myths around the definition of progress. Pavel Kasyanov, the president of Ecological Economists Association in Russia had been part of alternative draft of WSSD in 2002 along with the author of this note and Michael Ellis.<br />
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2.	Mass mobilization for abolishing usury from interpersonal and institution transactions –Mass mobilization is need for creating a global consensus for calling World Bank and other banks for eliminating usury and interest from the transactions. God fearing men and women will be most forthcoming is supporting the move as they would not be able to say Yes to usury fearing the destiny on the Day on Judgment. There are clear commands. More awareness and communication on the issue will be required for social groups where even faith-based communication against usury is low. For atheistic rationalists, it would not be possible to deny the ecological impact of the globalization of non-renewable resource based consumption pattern. Greens all over the world cannot deny. Atheistic communists cannot fail in recognizing usury to be the important of part of capitalism. Buddhists and Jains would not be able to deny considering the injunctions and exhortations for choosing the right livelihood. Hindus would not refuse the precepts of dhammapada. (Please refer the article on The History of Interest at www.monetary.org that has cited commands in the sacred texts across the religions). It can be seen that with such an understanding, it would not be possible to refuse the arguments. I think this ought to be key proposition for the action plan of GCAP till 7 July 2007. We could demand all the financing for development to be interest. Make developing financing interest free for MDGs and poverty reduction globally and locally.<br />
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3.	Review of the monotheistic perspective for united endeavor at all levels-This is being suggested considering the appropriateness of the monotheistic framework for generating united power for transforming financing for development and then for transforming consumption patterns. Induction of the standards of piety all in the civil society movements with adoption of prayer and meditation 5 times is a powerful tool for transforming behavior, decision and consumption patterns across the world. Promotion of interest free loans saves lots of poor in India who are approaching the moneylenders for meeting medical assistance, buying inputs for agriculture and other. Freedom from debt service obligations provides a lot of resources that can be used for providing vital medical assistance to the poor who are being left at the mercy of the market forces. A church movement called Sojourners in US www.sojourners.com is calling for application of the communications of Jesus Christ (Peace be upon him) for transforming foreign policy and social security establishment in US.<br />
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4.	Discussions with the World Bank, IMF and other institutions- there is need to initiate discussions with the World Bank while seeking global application of UNDP promoted Sustainability Index for investments in general and FDIs in particular. There is a need to point out the need for the adoption of internal coherence in pursuing the development policies. Use of environment impact assessments needs to be informed more stringently considering the frequency of natural disasters that are more man made. Ecological audits  are be made compulsory each year for the institutions and governments.<br />
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5.	International meet on the solutions- It is possible for GCAP to decide for regional conferences for discussing the solutions. UN may be requested to consider an international meet for transforming the finance sector and consumption pattern for social justice and collective ecological safety. Governments may be requested to consider the need to present memorandums to the World Banks for transforming the finance sector. Simultaneouly,active follow up is need for ensuring the participation of representative civil society organization in the governance of IMF and WTO. Indication of some effort can be seen at http://www.gapresearch.org/governance/civilsocietymore.html <br />
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6.	Inclusion in the MDGs- This note has been developed considering the inclusion of debt relief in the millennium development goals while recognizing that the relief is a temporary measure. There is need to call for debt free financing and interest free debts for the realization of millennium development as inequities can not be addressed without addressing the underlying reason for equity. There is a need to eradicate the reason for indebtedness within and between the nations and eliminate the morally abominable, socially inequitable and ecologically hostile practice charging interest on the loans. Recognizing the criticality of MDGs, there is need to suggest transforming finance sector and financing for MDGs at least by 7-7-2007 when globally we will be mobilizing for assessing the achievement of MDGs. <br />
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References:<br />
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1.	Human Development Report 2003, Millennium Development Goals: A Compact Among Nations to End Human Poverty UNDP <br />
2.	Global Justice Movement www.globaljusticemovement.net<br />
3.	Islamic Mint www.islamicmint.com<br />
4.	American Monetary Institute www.monetary.org <br />
5.	Social Watch India: Citizens Report on Governance and Development 2004, National Social Watch Coalition<br />
6.	Interviews with Prachanda, the leader of Maoists in Nepal, The Hindu, February 9-11,2006<br />
7.	Other web references drawn from http://userpage.fu-berlin.de/~roehrigw/  <br />
o	Helmut Creutz: The Money Syndrome <br />
o	Silvio Gesell: Natural Economic Order (Link http://www.systemfehler.de/en/ ) <br />
o	Irving Fisher: Stamp Scrip 1933 (!) <br />
o	Erhard Glötzl: The How and Why of a New Monetary System <br />
o	Margrit Kennedy: Interest and Inflation Free Money <br />
o	Werner Onken: A Market Economy without Capitalism <br />
o	Eiichi Morino: A Story of Robinson Crusoe (by Silvio Gesell) as a Manga <br />
o	Jürgen Probst: Aberrations of an interest-based economy <br />
o	Dieter Suhr: The Neutral Money Network <br />
o	Vincent C. Vickers: Economic Tribulation <br />
<br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Sat, 08 Apr 2006 08:29:00 EDT</pubDate> 
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>preserve the space for prayer, repentance more and more for ecological safety</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/31310</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Partnership for Clean Development initiated by US is not going to meet the Kyoto Protocol emission targets. We must seek ratification of the Kyoto Protocol emission targets. US is producing 36.1 % of the green house gases. All the youth ,men and women need to respond to the emission targets. I suggest the best way is through transforming leisure use patterns by adopting faith based measures. It is simple. We need simple acts for major change for global wellbeing.]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Mon, 31 Oct 2005 06:06:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/31310</guid>
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                <item> 
                    <title>Unite for abolishing usurious financial transactions- for Poverty Reduction,Ecological Safety and Global Cohesion</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/23892</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Toward non-usurious finance system: A solution for the globalization of the finance sector / globalization of atheistic transaction patterns <br />
<br />
Following is the essay of Stephen Zarlenga  that  was originally created for the Swiss Money Museum Web site (http://www.moneymuseum.org/) in mid 1999. <br />
<br />
Updated and adjusted materials taking continuing research on this subject into account are found in The Lost Science of Money book, published four years after this piece (see link below).  http://www.monetary.org/lostscienceofmoney<br />
by Stephen Zarlenga <br />
copyright 2000, AMI<br />
<br />
1)Early Loans And Interest Are Thought to be have been Based On Agricultural Produce. <br />
<br />
From about 30,000 BC human existence became more refined until social and economic forms of agriculture appeared around 10,000 to 7,500 BC. This took the form of hoe gardening done mainly by women and led to matriarchal based societies. <br />
<br />
From around 6,000 BC the horse was tamed and sheep, goats and cattle were domesticated so that by 5,000 there existed a mixed culture based on animal breeding and hoe gardening. The great plough revolution starting about 4,500 was complete by 4,000 BC. enabling the first city civilizations to arise, and the introduction of writing shortly after, led to a developing "social technology." <br />
<br />
It is presumed that Loans in the pre-urban societies were made in seed grains, animals and tools to farmers. Since one grain of seed could generate a plant with over 100 new grain seeds, after the harvest farmers could easily repay the grain with "interest" in grain. (Suggested graphics here showing 1 wheat seed, next to a sheaf of wheat with the large number of new seeds which could be generated by that 1 seed) Also since just so much seed grain could possibly be used, there were natural limits to this lending activity. <br />
<br />
It is also Presumed that When animals were loaned interest was paid by sharing in any new animals born. (graphics - a male and female cow/sheep/goat, and the offspring) The Sumerians used the same word - mas - for both calves and interest. A similar Egyptian word meant to "give birth." What was loaned had the power of generation, and interest was a sharing of the result. Interest on tool loans would be paid in the produce which the tools had helped to create. <br />
<br />
2)The Oriental Usury Error On Lending Metals <br />
<br />
The social organization taken by the developing urban communities in Egypt, Assyria, and Sumeria is known as the Ancient Oriental System. It embraced the idea of a living King as the divine representative and savior, able to organize the welfare of mankind through a powerful Royal household exercising centralized control over the economy. Compulsory labor was required for public works and Pharaohs instructed what and how much to plant and how much of the harvest would be stored. Agricultural and metallic commodities (mainly barley and silver) by weight served as the primitive money system in these societies. <br />
<br />
The ancient orient made a momentous innovation, allowing usury to be charged on loans of metals, with the interest to be paid in more metal. This was particularly a problem with agricultural, as opposed to loans for commercial or trading purposes. The conceptual error treated inorganic materials as if they were living organisms with the means of reproduction. But metals are "barren" - they have no powers of generation and any interest paid in them must originate from some other source or process. <br />
<br />
This structural flaw was tempered by central authority. The Royal household, the largest lender and charger of interest, took action to minimize resulting problems by setting official prices for valuing several commodities, in effect monetizing them. Thus farmers depending on their harvest to repay loans, wouldn’t be harmed by seasonal market supply changes where bringing in the harvest would normally lower the prices. <br />
<br />
This interpretation suggests that ancient price tables, like Hammurabi’s, have been misinterpreted as price maximums and are really official exchange rates of commodities when used as money. In addition, the Royal power would periodically institute "clean slates" where agrarian (not commercial) debts were forgiven and lands returned to their traditional owners. In one culture the term "Amargi" referred to such emancipations from old debt obligations (see Heichelheim below). <br />
<br />
3)The Oriental Usury Error Required Solon's Reform <br />
<br />
In the Greek city states where the prices of agricultural commodities were not monetized by central authority but valued by more individually determined markets, charging usury on loans of coinage to farmers quickly led to severe social problems. By about 600 BC the class of free small farmers was vanishing, with land becoming concentrated into the hands of the Oligarchy: <br />
<br />
"Before the introduction of coined money the peasant farmer borrowed commodities and repaid the loan in kind, and … was probably able to meet the obligation without great difficulty; but after the introduction of coined money the situation became decidedly more difficult…he must take a loan of money to purchase his necessary supplies at a time when money was cheap and commodities dear. When a year of plenty came and he undertook to repay the loan, commodities were cheap and money was dear", wrote Professor Calhoun. <br />
<br />
Unable to get out of debt, eventually bad weather or a poor harvest would bring foreclosure on their land and even bind them into slavery. This enslavement grew to crisis proportions, when Solon came to Athens rescue with his "Seisachtheia" or "shaking off" of burdens. Personal slavery was no longer allowed as security for debts. He canceled such existing debt contracts; and gave back land which had been seized. Farmers who had been sold into slavery abroad by those to whom they owed money were "bought" back and returned to Athens. <br />
<br />
Solon also declared a minimum monetary value for each agricultural product setting floor prices for them (see Heichelheim). He switched from the "Aeginatic" to the lighter weight "Attic" monetary standard reducing coinage weights and increased the amount of coinage in circulation. <br />
<br />
Solon had been a merchant in his youth and understood commerce. Yet he blamed Athen’s problems mainly on the rich Oligarchy. He became known as one of the seven great wise men, presenting the Oracle of Delphi with the "wisdom gift" which became inscribed on the temple entrance there: "Know thyself" and "Nothing too much". <br />
<br />
(Fritz Heichelheim’s 1938 work - AN ANCIENT ECONOMIC HISTORY, is recommended for further reading on sections 1 to 3. Also see URBANIZATION AND LAND OWNERSHIP IN The ANCIENT NEAR EAST; edited by Michael Hudson and Baruch A. Levine; published by Harvard’s Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology) <br />
<br />
4)Aristotle (384-322 BC) Formulated The Classical View Against Usury <br />
<br />
Aristotle understood that money is sterile; it doesn’t beget more money the way cows beget more cows. He knew that "Money exists not by nature but by law": <br />
<br />
"The most hated sort (of wealth getting) and with the greatest reason, is usury, which makes a gain out of money itself and not from the natural object of it. For money was intended to be used in exchange but not to increase at interest. And this term interest (tokos), which means the birth of money from money is applied to the breeding of money because the offspring resembles the parent. Wherefore of all modes of getting wealth, this is the most unnatural." (1258b, POLITICS) <br />
And he really disliked usurers: <br />
<br />
"...those who ply sordid trades, pimps and all such people, and those who lend small sums at high rates. For all these take more than they ought, and from the wrong sources. What is common to them is evidently a sordid love of gain..." (1122a, ETHICS) <br />
<br />
5)The Scholastics Differentiated Between Usury And Interest <br />
<br />
The Scholastics (1100 -1500 AD), the Church scholars familiar with the available writings in existence, echoed Aristotle. Acquinas argued that money is a measure, and usury "diversifys the measure" placing extra demands on the money mechanism which harmed its function as a measure. Henry of Ghent wrote: "Money is medium in exchange, and not terminus." Alexander Lombard noted: "Money should not be able to be bought and sold for it is not extremum in selling or buying, but medium." <br />
<br />
The Scholastics made the first attempt at a science of economics and their main concern was usury; but this was not the same as just charging interest. It was generally not forbidden to earn interest if the lender was actually taking some risk, without a guaranteed gain. Interest could also be charged when the lender suffered some loss or passed up some opportunity by extending the loan. Venice used advanced financial forms for centuries without violating the Scholastic usury bans. <br />
<br />
Two types of loans were always exempt from bans on interest: the "Societas", where the lender assumed some portion of the risk of the enterprise. Also exempt was the "Census" - an obligation to pay an annual return based on some "fruitful" property. At first it was paid in real produce, later in money. The Census was normally capitalized at 8 times the annual return, but the risk of the "fruitful" base was on the lender not the borrower, for if the crop were destroyed by weather, the borrower had no obligation that year. Later cities issued "census" obligations based an tax revenues, which came to be called "rents". <br />
<br />
Usury was much more than charging interest - it was taking unfair advantage; it was an anti-social misuse of the money mechanism. <br />
<br />
6) The Church’s Condemnation of Usury: <br />
<br />
Observation of its bad effects- <br />
<br />
Pope Innocent IV (1250-1261) noted that if usury were permitted rich people would prefer to put their money in a usurious loan rather than invest in agriculture. Only the poor would do the farming and they didn’t have the animals and tools to do it. Famine would result. Burudian (d.1358), a professor at the University of Paris wrote that: "Usury is evil …because the usurer seeks avariciously what has no finite limits". This places its results outside of nature - often outside of the possible. St. Bernardine of Siena (1380-1444) observed that usury concentrates the money of the community into the hands of the few. <br />
<br />
Divine and human law- <br />
<br />
All mankind’s moral/legal codes censured usury, normally with mild limits on interest rates. But the Old Testament strictly forbade Jews from taking usury from their "brothers" (other Jews), and discouraged taking it from strangers. The Scholastics looked on all mankind as brothers. Other codes restricted usury: <br />
*Code Of Hammurabi (2130-2088 BC) limited usury to 33%; <br />
*Hindoo Law - Damdupat - limited interest to the full amount of the loan; <br />
*Roman Law limited interest; Justinian’s 6th century Code reduced the 12½% limit of Constantine the Great, to 4-8%, and accumulated interest could not exceed principal. <br />
*The Koran totally forbids usury, from the 7th century; <br />
*Charlemagne’s laws flatly forbade usury in 806 AD. <br />
*The Magna Carta placed limits on usury in 1215 AD. <br />
*Most States of the United States enforced usury limits until 1981. <br />
<br />
Action Against Usurers- <br />
<br />
Pope Leo the Great (440-461) laid the cornerstone for later usury laws when he forbade clerics from taking usury and condemned laymen for it. In 850 the Synod of Paris excommunicated all usurers. The 2nd Lateran Council (1139) declared that unrepentant usurers were condemned by both the Old and New Testaments. Pope Urban III (1185-87) cited Christ’s words "lend freely, hoping nothing thereby" (Luke 6:35). <br />
<br />
Judicial action was taken against those openly practicing usury and the Church never condoned Jewish usury activity. Christian usurers who used semantic tricks in making loans were worried about excommunication and being denied the sacraments, especially burial in sacred ground. They used every word trick to avoid the usury label. Goods were sold on credit at a higher price which factored interest in. "Dry Exchange" bills in foreign currency were not sent for collection but resold to the borrower for a higher amount, reflecting interest. <br />
<br />
Usurers were required to make monetary restitution to their "victims", and if they couldn’t be found, to the poor through the Church. Vast amounts of such moneys were involved in death bequests. The heirs of usurers were also required to make restitution. <br />
<br />
Fall Of The Usury Prohibition- <br />
<br />
Conrad Summenhart, of Thubingen University put aside Aristotle’s view, declaring it was OK to use something in a way that wasn’t intended. The Fuggers of Augsburg, vying with Florence to financially dominate Europe, financed Summenhart’s student John Eck to argue the permissibility of certain loans for five hours before the full assembled University of Bologna in 1515. Eck assured them that the method of charging interest had been in use for 40 years with no-one being excommunicated. <br />
As economies became more dynamic, with real growth possibilities, it became clear that charging interest on business loans where the borrowing merchant prospered, couldn’t be condemned as greed or lack of charity and by 1516 the idea of a lending institution charging interest for its services had been overwhelming accepted. <br />
<br />
Calvin’s Reformation- <br />
<br />
John Calvin finished off the usury ban in 1536. But his arguments were shallow compared to the Scholastics: "When I buy a field does not money breed money?", he asked rhetorically. For centuries the Scholastics had demonstrated the correct answer is no - it is the field not the money which grows products. <br />
Calvin wasn’t enthusiastic about usury: "Calvin deals with usurie as the apothecaire doth with poison" wrote Roger Fenton. He considered usury sinful only if it hurt ones neighbor and that it was generally legitimate in business loans. <br />
(Additional recommended reading for sections 4 to 6 are THE ARISTOTELIAN ANALYSIS OF USURY by Odd Langholm; and The Scholastic Analysis of Usury by John Noonan) <br />
<br />
7) How Capitalism Viewed Interest <br />
<br />
The justification for charging interest evolved historically in works promoting capitalism. One recurring theme was to attack Aristotle. Francis Bacon’s WORKS (1610) thrashed the Scholastics for: "almost having incorporated the contentious philosophy of Aristotle into the body of Christian religion…Aristotle...full of ostentation...so confident and dogmatical…barren of the production of works for the benefit of the life of man." Yet Bacon’s rationale fell flat: <br />
<br />
"Usury is a thing allowed by reason of the hardness of men’s hearts. For since there must be borrowing and lending, and men are so hard of heart as they will not lend freely, usury must be permitted..." and Bacon was aware of usury’s problems: <br />
<br />
"... It makes fewer merchants... (and) makes poor merchants. It bringeth the treasure of a realm or state into few hands." <br />
<br />
In William Petty’s 1682 QUANTULUMCUNQUE CONCERNING MONEY usury is redefined as: "A reward for forbearing the use of your own money for a term of time agreed upon, whatsoever need your self may have of it in the meanwhile." <br />
<br />
This ascetic rewarding of self denial, with religious overtones, is still used by some in the 20th century, but Adam Smith’s 1776 WEALTH OF NATIONS, capitalism’s "bible," put aside these earlier rationales, and justified usury in economic terms: <br />
<br />
"The interest or the use of money…is the compensation which the borrower pays to the lender, for the profit which he has an opportunity of making by the use of the money. Part of that profit naturally belongs to the borrower who runs the risk and takes the trouble of employing it; and part to the lender, who affords him the opportunity of making this profit." <br />
<br />
This is how interest is popularly viewed today. But Smith overlooked that the lender gets his profit even when the enterprise loses; he ignored the successful business structures used by Venice for centuries, where the lender’s return was based on actual profits. Smith’s endorsement did not remove the stigma against usury; and the debate continued. <br />
<br />
Jeremy Bentham’s IN DEFENCE OF USURY (1787) created the present mis-definition of usury as: "The taking of a greater interest than the law allows... (or) the taking of greater interest than is usual." <br />
<br />
He dismissed the harmful effects of usury on the common man: "Simple people will be robbed more in buying <br />
goods than in borrowing money." An then he really bared his teeth: (translator: he became even more vicious) <br />
"If our ancestors have been all along under a mistake... how came the dominion of authority over our minds?" Is he going to cite the strong Old Testament admonitions against usury? No - he ignores them and attacks Aristotle: <br />
<br />
"Aristotle: that celebrated heathen, who … had established a despotic empire over the Christian world. …with all his industry and all his penetration, notwithstanding the great number of pieces of money that had passed through his hands ... had never been able to discover in any one piece of money any organs for generating any other such piece. Emboldened by so strong a body of negative proof he ventured at last to usher into the world the results of his observation in the form of an universal proposition, that all money is in nature barren. …he didn’t consider … (from) a Daric which a man borrowed he might get a ram or an ewe ... and that the ewes would probably not be barren." <br />
<br />
Its the same argument Calvin used. But the Scholastics had shown it was the "ewes" not the coins that create more ewes. Humanity would have been better served if these fellows had only been able (and willing) to understand Aristotle. <br />
<br />
Despite continuous pressure and support from the financial community, the various justifications for usury proved inadequate in 1836 when John Whipple, an American lawyer wrote THE IMPORTANCE OF USURY LAWS - AN ANSWER TO JEREMY BENTHAM. Whipple proved the impossibility of sustaining long term metallic usury: <br />
<br />
"If 5 English pennies ... had been ... at 5 per cent compound interest from the beginning of the Christian era until the present time, it would amount in gold of standard fineness to 32,366,648,157 spheres of gold each eight thousand miles in diameter, or as large as the earth." <br />
<br />
Whipple knew that answering the usury question required an accurate view of the nature of money, and he echoed Aristotle: <br />
<br />
"(the purpose of money is to facilitate exchange) It was never intended as an article of trade, as an article possessing an inherent value in itself, (but) as a representative or test of the value of all other articles. It undoubtedly admits of private ownership but of an ownership that is not absolute, like the product of individual industry, but qualified and limited by the special use for which it was designed...." <br />
<br />
One can imagine how advanced the world of finance would be today if someone like Whipple were present at the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Had his viewpoint been distilled into law many unnecessary hardships (and wars?) could have been avoided. Instead the delegates operated under a primitive commodity concept of money, similar to that of the ancient oriental system and ignored the crucial monetary questions. <br />
<br />
8) 20th Century economists have re-opened the usury question <br />
<br />
Modern research is re-examining the Scholastic’s work and conclusions. John Noonan writes that they "had an intuitive insight into the problem only now becoming apparent." Noonan agreed with Pope Innocent’s arguments (see sect. 5) that usury would lead to the abandonment of industry: "Innocent’s argument…may seem naive or exaggerated at first, but the experiences of agricultural communities, such as ancient Greece, or China throughout most of its history offer considerable corroboration." <br />
<br />
Historian Henri Pirenne noted in MEDIEVAL CITIES that: "The scourge of debts which in Greek and Roman antiquity so sorely afflicted the people, was spared the social order of the middle ages and it may be that the Church contributed to that happy result." <br />
<br />
Despite the omnipresence of charging interest in our lives today, this question is not really settled. Furthermore, the modern world is now getting a taste of real usury. Up to 1981, interest limits (usually under 10%) were in effect in most of the USA. Today credit card debt is very high and growing, along with personal bankruptcy rates. Most people are paying 21 - 25% "interest" on their credit cards each year. Money they really can’t afford to pay. <br />
<br />
Some economists actually favor letting the market charge whatever interest rates people can be forced to pay. But this should not continue - it will do so much harm to society that all the free market economists in the world chanting in unison won’t be able to hide the damage. <br />
<br />
Money’s nature must be examined <br />
<br />
Approaching the usury question intelligently requires a better understanding of the nature of money. The Scholastics maintained that there was a distinction between money, and productive capital. Calvin’s Reformation argued against this. But the Scholastic view has been re-affirmed, for example by Knut Wicksell, the father of modern day interest rate theory who wrote in INTEREST AND PRICES: "It is not true that money is only one form of capital; that the lending of money constitutes the lending of real capital in the form of money. Money does not enter into the process of production, it is in itself as Aristotle showed, quite sterile." <br />
Re-examining these questions will also require more candor (translator: honesty) from the English speaking economics profession. For example in the English translation of Wicksell’s book, that last sentence on Aristotle is significantly left out! Thus the English speaking members of the Austrian School of Economics (who view Wicksell as one of their own) are denied the full benefit of his work and thought. <br />
<br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Sat, 16 Apr 2005 05:02:00 EDT</pubDate> 
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                    <title>Reforming finance sector , an urgent global need</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/23887</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[There is a case for multiplying communications and movements for reforming the finance sector with the following objectives:<br />
<br />
-making currencies stable<br />
-eliminating practice of interest charging <br />
-making banking interest free <br />
-eliminating debt servicing requirements <br />
-contribution to ecological safety with the promotion of sustainable livelihoods]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Sat, 16 Apr 2005 04:22:00 EDT</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/23887</guid>
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                <item> 
                    <title>Faith based audit of the work of atheistic and polyhteistic strategies</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/17705</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Work against AIDS need global adoption of faith based instruments.<br />
<br />
While seeking affordable medicines , it is important to seek prevention of further transmission by gloablly adopting faith based instruments:<br />
<br />
Repentance for the sins and other false Satanic ideas,<br />
Seeking forgiveness for the sin,<br />
Prayer directly to God and God/Allah/"nirguna" Brahmm only, <br />
5 time a day is commanded Qur'an and this can be seen for all the practical benifits in here and now ( There is a command for prayer five times day in a Sanskirt text called Shiv Sankalp Sutra "Ishwar smarate panch awasare"<br />
<br />
Seek more guidance from Allah/God everyday<br />
<br />
Abstain from drinking intoxicating drinks and campaign for removal of men and women from goveranance of all organizations who indulge in drinking intoxicating drinks,adultery and homosexulality<br />
<br />
Drinking is prohibited in Bible ,Qur'an and Snakrit texts and it leads to inequitous and oppressive practice<br />
<br />
Adultery weakens instituions of marriage<br />
<br />
Usurious finance system is responsible for exploitation of the poor. Lot of resources in the poor countries can be released with the abolition of usurious financial transaction.Usury is prohibited across the religions and this has been recognized as an exploitative practice.<br />
<br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Mon, 28 Jun 2004 06:27:00 EDT</pubDate> 
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                <item> 
                    <title>Sutaianibility Index accepted by UNDP and promoted globally among corporates through UN system</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/16204</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[I would like to mention with pleasure that one of my concept proposed in an international meet of tribal and anlogous people in 1993 has been accepted by UN system. I had proposed the Concept of Sustaianibility Index in 1993 for examining the history and future of consumption and production patterns. I had also proposed the idea to exemine the scenarios of consumption and production patterns for Children of 40th century. <br />
<br />
In the month of Septemeber 2002, I learnt from Ms.Momin Jaan, an UNDP official based in new Delhi that UNDP is promoting the concept of Sustainibility Index among the corporates. Later while searching the site of United Nations University, I learnt that the concept of Sustainibity Index has been copyrighted by UNU. I have been happy though with a feeling of lack of acknowledgement as one who proposed the concept initially.<br />
<br />
Last month I read in an aritlcle in the Times of India that the concept of Sustainibility Index is also being used by the European Stock Exchanges. This has been a reason of happiness for me .I wish more promotion of the concept as this helps in making eco-freindly decisions globally and locally.<br />
<br />
Furhter,I have argued for global adoption of prayer 5 times a day by all men and women for decelerating the consumption of fossil fuel based services and utilites as that is needed for realizing Kyoto Protocol emisssion targets.It can be seen that globalization of exhibitionist consumption patterns in leisure,travel industries are not helpful in realizing the Kyoto protocol emission targets.<br />
<br />
I would like to appeal to all associated with TIG and other august bodies to see reason and then communicate furhter for global of faith based instruments for changing consumption patterns and then for ensuring the establishment of compassiona non-usurious finance system.]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Tue, 04 May 2004 02:41:00 EDT</pubDate> 
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                <item> 
                    <title>Need for non-usurious global finance system for promoting equity and collective wellbeing</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/13934</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[While relating to the other posts , I would like to present this mail as part of my communications for defining global governance in monotheiestic framework for ecological safety and collective wellbeing<br />
<br />
To: wesburt@juno.com <br />
Date: Sun, 1 Feb 2004 15:55:20 -0500 <br />
Subject:  Muhammad Mukhtar Alam on Social Credit for a National Financial System <br />
From: wesburt@juno.com <br />
<br />
<br />
Hi Folks,<br />
<br />
In the post below, Mr. Alam presents a different facet <br />
of the question raised by Mr. Klinck in a previous post: <br />
Is a common currency necessary for a stable, <br />
prosperous, and sustainable global economy?  In a <br />
statistical sense; the US economy, the European <br />
economy, the British Empire, the General Electric <br />
Company, and the Eastern US power grid are each <br />
diversified equivalents to a global economy.  And <br />
where ever a common currency has come into <br />
existence, it seems to have been preceded by <br />
the general acceptance, by most of the parties <br />
concerned, of consistent terms of trade, consistent <br />
rules of financial engagement, or consistent technical <br />
requirements.  Only after this "general acceptance" <br />
and its reduction to practice does the common <br />
currency, or any other  general benefit, become <br />
possible for the larger community.<br />
<br />
The world abounds in examples to the contrary <br />
wherein none of the parties concerned included <br />
"justice for the other party" in the terms of trade <br />
proposed.  The failure of each of our major religions; <br />
Judaism, Catholicism, Islam, and Protestantism <br />
to become the Dominant religion of mankind is <br />
certain proof that each one is incomplete in its <br />
comprehension of human nature.  <br />
<br />
The ideal of "every man sitting under his own fig <br />
tree, and none shall make him afraid" (Mikah 4, 4), <br />
which Wally quoted in his previous post, suggests <br />
that the missing elements of a stable and prosperous <br />
social order might be found in the Old Testament, <br />
from which all of the books of our current religions <br />
are derived.  In my view, it is Satanic to obstruct the <br />
progress of mankind by mindlessly stonewalling <br />
every new inquiry and question raised about the <br />
status quo.  The status quo is not good enough!<br />
<br />
Thanks, Mukhtar, for pointing us toward to our <br />
common heritage.  I have attached a simple visual-aid <br />
to show how a simple diagram can illustrate the <br />
common ground shared by labor and capital.<br />
<br />
Kind regards<br />
<br />
Wes Burt<br />
<br />
--------- Forwarded message ----------<br />
From: Muhammad Mukhtar Alam <mukhtaralam2000@yahoo.com><br />
To: wesburt@juno.com<br />
Date: Sat, 31 Jan 2004 06:56:35 -0800 (PST)<br />
Subject: Re: Fw:Wally, On Social Credit for a National <br />
                                                     Financial System<br />
<br />
<br />
Dear Wes and Wally,<br />
<br />
I do not quite agree with Wally's defence of national <br />
sovereignty considering the background of such <br />
expression in the utterances of anti-Christian kings for <br />
whom sovereignty meant defense of their rights and <br />
privileges more than the defense of justice and the <br />
common good.  <br />
<br />
I think the call for a single non-usurious currency in <br />
monotheistic framework is quite important as there is <br />
need to cede all of sovereignty to the commands of God.  <br />
In abidance we are not sovereigns though we are <br />
independent in choosing to abide.<br />
<br />
"Nation" is just a concept as we all belong to one <br />
community with origins in Adam and Eve.  A monotheistic <br />
global community of believers in the commands of God <br />
can respect God and God only as the sovereign. We can <br />
just recall how Kings declared their sovereignty vis-a vis <br />
the practitioners of the commands of God in "church"<br />
<br />
I would like to seek ceding of sovereignty this way and <br />
this is what is needed for the application of commands <br />
for tithes-zakat-dharmada for the poor and all globally.<br />
<br />
Defence of monarchy is absolutely satanic with respect <br />
to the idea of someone holding power due to heredity.  <br />
Members of families connected with the past royalties <br />
are however eligible on the standards of "piety".<br />
<br />
Just noting down a few of my thoughts for now.  <br />
Denunciation of atheistic social communicators can be <br />
seen at my site with recommendations for a just world <br />
order in the monotheistic framework.<br />
<br />
With best prayers for success of pious endeavors in <br />
the new year and with best prayers for health to all in <br />
the lists of WES<br />
<br />
Mukhtar <br />
http://updates.takingitglobal.org/read/Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam<br />
<br />
<br />
--- wesburt@juno.com wrote:<br />
> Hello again folks,<br />
> <br />
> The message below [from Wally] needs no elaboration <br />
> from me, <br />
~~~~~~~~ Snip by Wes Burt ~~~~~~~~~~<br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Tue, 03 Feb 2004 05:24:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/13934</guid>
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                <item> 
                    <title>Continued Prayer for Guidance , Forgiveness from Allah/God/Ishwar/../..../who was niether begotten nor beget</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/10075</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Faith based solutions are the easiest for all individuals who seek prevention of AIDS. There is a need to get these instruments applied by all in the AIDS literature with support for the institution of marriage where husband and wive have control on each other's body with love ,care and compassion.]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jul 2003 03:21:00 EDT</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/10075</guid>
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Recommendations for a just world order</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/7087</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Following is a section from my acedemic work<br />
<br />
Recommendations for a just world order<br />
<br />
The investigator would like to submit the following for further dissemination:<br />
<br />
v	There is a need to build up consensus for global unity in the monotheistic framework. The atheistic, polytheistic and animist prescriptions need to be understood as a representation of false consciousness. Shortcomings of the nation state system can be addressing by global adoption of Islam. Aside from being a proposition of an acquired faith in Islam( that is an abstract noun in Arabic language for an intellectual and political stance that is based on submission ot the commnands of Allah/God/nirguna Brahmm/.../.../ communicated through the messengers of Allah) , this is also being submitted keeping into consideration the global need to decelerate, rationalize and prioritize the consumption of the exhaustible resource. Faith in the afterlife (heaven and hell) need to communicated for best moral regulation. It may be more dangerous to wallow in the chaotic discourse in the atheistic and polytheistic framework as objective social, political and cultural condition on our Planet calls for an urgent need for global unity and just world governance. Earth belongs to all as per the command of Almighty and many philosophers have also expressed the same. Global Family has been an idea and there is a need for a political realization of the same in the monotheistic framework. UN may consider for itself a more active role defined in the light of Qur'an. The researcher would like to contribute further in this regard. Delhi University may also take an active role in this by organizing an intensive interdisciplinary workshop on assessing the different frameworks of global governance. The researcher can contribute 250 of inputs of the conference on globalization. Also there are some e-lists that are discussing the models of global governance.<br />
v	The impact of the proposition presented, as conclusive prescription can be further tested and reasoned. A consensus may emerge for our collective interest.  <br />
v	There is need to revisit foundationalism with reverence for the commands in Qur'an. Some commands can be interpreted for contextual limits. There is a command for the utilization of the best means of persuasion. Allah had also reprimanded Muhammad (PBUH) for not considering himself a guardian over the men and women and their belief.<br />
v	Some theorists in Psychology need to be denounced for the appropriation of atheistic, polytheistic and animistic content evolutionary content. Pure and unalloyed monotheistic framework needs fresh consideration for the spiritual/religious identity. There is need to denounce the Freudian notion that God as a concept has been invented for replacing the Father figure. Anti church discourse needs to be reviewed for a fresh reconstruction of history of ideas, history of science and then the philosophy of science. Charles S. Pierce, a philosopher of Science is considered to have founded logical socialism  , condemned the pragmatism of Nietzsche (of God is dead fame) and  Dewey by calling it vulgar and advocated pragmaticism. Pierce's position has been reported to mean that, the world cannot be known or explained by merely by its previously fixed lawful structures but must rather continue to be developed as historical social world of institutions and habits, for which we must assume responsibility, then it becomes evident that men confront with other besides that of objectifying and explaining world through science or of converting science into efficient behavior, that is technology in the broadest sense. As members of the community of interpreters human beings must remain of the mankind subjects engaged I science and nonetheless be capable of being made the topic of rational knowledge and praxis".  <br />
v	The reason for the citing the above is to show the felt need for continued development of the world .The researcher recommend the incorporation of regular expressions of thankfulness for the Almighty while investigation the creation in the visible and invisible realms / universes.<br />
v	Even as one understands the assertion in the work as being not completely and comprehensively explained it is suggested that there are more discussions and documentation for the development of a global framework of governance as many respondents have felt the need for the same though in many case with an apprehension for domination of the "west". As per the deconstruction of West in the dissertation it may be clear that  filling of the gap in the atheistic  and polytheistic narratives can be done in pure monotheistic framework. The researcher has argued for adoption of Islam for the same.<br />
v	Lastly for all scientists who are concerned with the globally acceptable framework .a fresh reading of Qur'an is suggested.<br />
<br />
<br />
 The researcher would like to repeat the above as many time as possible in his life to men and women who express concern for personal and collective wellbeing here in this world and hereafter. May be there is enough guidance and grace from the Almighty for more and more men and women.<br />
<br />
 <br />
There is need for global adoption and practice of commands of Allah as mentioned in Qur'an. All anti-foundationalism discourses seeking a global consensus for a 'Grand Theory of all" in the atheistic, polytheistic and animistic discourses would not have the desired outcome. Every man and woman is a world citizen. Integration of Europe, though considered to be based on Christianity by some, will have more implications for the rest of the world if the American Psychiatric Association's definition of homosexuality is denounced and relevant legal provision revised for discouraging adoption of homosexuality by men and women. There is a need to respect Pope John Paul's view in this regard. This will be also in accordance with the divine commands. A prophet called Loot / Lot (Peace be upon him) has been mentioned in Qur'an to have exhorted men in his time against the same. Homosexual had mocked the prophet .God/Allah destroyed them by lightning.<br />
<br />
The researcher has looked into the need of many global and local thinkers/ scientists and philosohers who have have calling for the development of alternative paradigm. In India Narmamda Bachao Andolan  and Swadeshi Jagran Manch has  been also calling for the same. There are different responses to this call for the development of the alternative paradigm. Postmodernism in the Euro-American context / Western calls for denunciation all claims for metanarrative as the same will be hegemonic and too authoritative. Greens have been calling for the adoption of 'reduce, reuse and recycle' as a slogan for our times. Global security environment has been described overall peaceful by UN Security General excluding some areas. Non-Muslim leaders fear Islamists and there is a sort or consensus to fight Islamic terrorism. Green dream can be realized fast nonetheless with global adoption of culture of prayer five times a day as commanded for all in Qur'an. Globalization of the culture drinking and dancing as promoted by the governments electronic and print media in non-Islamic societies accelerates the consumption of exhaustible resources. Sustained vision for the contest and competition among the nations for having maximum access to the exhaustible resources may have many violent conflicts. Assuming absence of full scale replacement of the exhaustible resources for the future generation and also recognizing the traumatic social realities in the non Islamic socities ,global practice of commands of Allah is suggested while recognizing the continuity of monotheistic faith across the continents and time since Adam  and Eve/ Hawwa (peace be on them) our common ancestor. <br />
<br />
Thus it can be seen that it was hard for the researcher to only respond on the basis of the responses of the interview schedules as conclusion of the researcher through the conceptual organization detailed in the section on findings would not have been reported as a significant outcome of investigations on "cognitive representation related to the concept of world citizen "in just world order inquiries. It is also submitted that the findings of the interview that significantly lacked relevant description of the alternative visions further firmed researcher's position up.<br />
<br />
It would be pertinent to mention ten dimension of the normative project mentioned in the report of the world order model project by Richard Falk(1995) .They are 1. Taming war, 2.Abolishing war, and 3.Making individuals accountable, 4.Collective security, 5. Rule of Law, 6.Nonviolent revolutionary politics, 7.Human rights, and 8.Stewardship of nature9. Positive citizenship, and, 10. Cosmopolitan Democracy.<br />
<br />
While describing positive citizenship it is stated that 'the projection of a global identity, without the conditions of community, and the claim now to be "world citizens" express serious striving for humane governance, but they also arouse serious suspicions that the necessary struggles associated with the transformation are being evaded by the sentimental, New age pretense that a reorientation of the personal energy will suffice'. <br />
<br />
Following the above it can be seen that mere assertions of world citizenship has not been considered sufficient. Prescription for the 'positive citizenship' is offered and has been rightly drawn on nonviolence and human rights as inspirational sources. However according to Rachard Falk 'The greatest challenge, at present, is to reconcile the territorial dimension of citizenship with the temporal dimension: acting in the present for the sake of future ,establishing zones of humane governance as building blocks' (p.253). In response to the perceived challenge of and keeping into consideration the researcher's basic conceptual tools, it is conclusively submitted that the challenge can be best negotiated by the global adoption and nonviolent practice of Islam with patience and hope for the mercy of Allah/God/ Nirguna parameshwar, the most Beneficent and the Merciful who was neither born nor gave birth.<br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Tue, 24 Dec 2002 03:45:00 EST</pubDate> 
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Defend Institution of Family  and Marriage, copy of a letter to the chief justice of India</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/7086</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[<br />
To <br />
<br />
The Chief Justice<br />
Supreme Court of India<br />
New Delhi<br />
<br />
Sub: Reasons for preserving section 377 of Indian Panel Code and rejecting the appeal of NAZ foundation<br />
<br />
Honorable Sir,<br />
<br />
1.	I, Muhammad Mukhtar Alam, a Ph.D. candidate at Delhi University would like to draw your attention to the petition of Naz Foundation that has been accepted in the High Court of Delhi. The petition challenges “the constitutional validity of section 377 of the IPC on the grounds that it criminalizes homosexual act even between two consenting adults”. (The Hindustan Times December 8,2001). The division bench comprising of Justice Devinder Gupta and Justice Sanjay Kishen Kaul issued notices to the respondents including the Union government, the Delhi government, the Commissioner of Police and the National Aids Control Organization (NACO) and sought their replies by January 28, 2002.<br />
2.	I would like to respond to this as a private citizen and a world citizen and call for a dismissal of this petition. A favorable judgement for the petition will violate the children to have reverent role models, and, most importantly will create a supportive social climate for the adoption of homosexuality in India.<br />
3.	I would like to strongly oppose the move of Naz Foundation as an anti-children, anti-family and anti-God. Also through my research work I have proved that environmental factors for the adoption of homosexuality is ignored by all these campaigners of civil liberties while overemphasizing the contribution of genetic determinism. There is a case for “hijras” but then there is no case for the homosexuals who have been imitating a deviant and degenerate sexual practice that has been approved in the European and American laws. My related academic submissions pointing out the need to review of the decision of American Psychiatric Association contained in my conceptual organization for description, analysis, prediction and control of the personal/ social / world order can be seen at http://updates.takingitglobal.org/read/Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam . The submissions are web referred at a youth site are part of the findings of the discourse analysis for my Ph.D. dissertation on “A Study of the Cognitive Representations related to the Concept of World Citizen” that has been presented to University of Delhi in September 2000.<br />
4.	The petition contends that article 377 of the IPC violates the liberties enshrined in the constitution under article 14.15,19 and 21 in so far as it penalizes predominantly homosexual acts in private between consenting adults. This can be seen that this is an instance of overgeneralization for the provisions of the cited articles. There is a concern for the rights of the children for reverent role models. Making homosexual act lawful will mean endangering the lives of many children who are being already provided with an overdose of atheistic libertarian values where pre-marital and extramarital affairs do not get denounced, punished and condemned.<br />
5.	The article 377 of the IPC deals with the subject of unnatural offences and states that “whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of the nature with any man, woman or animal shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend upto ten years and shall also be liable to fine”. There is a need to preserve this provision as its deletion even with regard to the homosexuals and lesbian will create problems for the collective social health and individual health.<br />
6.	It has been argued that “section 377 creates an arbitrary and unreasonable classification between natural (penile-vaginal) and unnatural (penile-non vaginal) sexual acts that violates article 14’s equal protection before and under law”. Here Naz Foundation already assumes the existence of a “sexual minority” whose rights are considered to be violated. There is no recognition of such minority in the constitution. There should not be any recognition to such a minority in the law. Naz foundation is absolutely misguided in mimicking the deviant atheistic intellectual and political currents originating in Europe and US in this regard. Also Naz Foundation is misguiding the court on its understanding of constitutionally recognized minorities. There is no violation of the article 14 of the constitution with reference to the provisions of article 377 as there is no recognition for “sexual orientation” as a category. If there is recognition for sexual minority there can be also a call to recognize the human rights of the thieves and pickpockets to indulge in their smart acts of fooling cheating and looting.<br />
7.	It has been argued that Section 377 imposes traditional gender stereotypes concerning the “natural” sexual roles for men and women upon the sexual minorities”. Here again there is an explicit reference to the “sexual minority” which refers to men and women who have been misguided for appropriating homosexual acts. Instead of calling for help in correcting the deviant behavior an appeal is being made to recognize it as a normal and natural act. All traditional gender roles can not be denounced. Atheistic feminist discourse needs to have recognition of the limits that are imposed biologically, ecologically, and morally. “Hijras” need a special rehabilitative attention and for them there is no imposition of gender roles. Hijra’s are sexually challenged with reference to reproductive capacities and there is no imposition of gender roles on them. For homosexuals and lesbians, specific gender roles will continue to be socially desirable.<br />
8.	 According to the petition, the social effects (of article 377) drive gay men underground with a devastating impact upon HIV prevention efforts as “ it becomes difficult to identify and target this population for HIV /AIDS prevention efforts through education and provision of medical services”. I would like to denounce this contention, as most of men who have unnatural sex with men can not be considered to be so ignorant and illiterate. As per journalistic accounts most of the men and women identifying themselves as gay and lesbian respectively are quite well educated. There is no need for making homosexuality lawful in our country. There is need to campaign for the reverting to the pre-1973 position in so far as the related categorization in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of US is concerned.  Sheldon B. Korchin has noted the fact interestingly in his book on Clinical Psychology that it was the gay movement in US that compelled APA to change the understanding of homosexuality in 1973. “Homosexuality was no longer considered a sexual deviance rather it was just an 'alternative orientation'” (Sheldon J. Korchin (1998),"Modern Clinical Psychology, Principles of Intervention in the Clinic and Community", CSB Publishers). It may be noted that there is hardly anything “oriental” about this “orientation”. Homosexuality is a product of lack of moral control and absolutely wrong socialization .It is curable. The best cure can be tried by seeking forgiveness for the past sinful deeds.  <br />
<br />
9.	It is important to campaign for the restoration of the old definition of degenerate practice of homosexuality that is being celebrated and paraded in the dancing halls and bars of the irreverent and atheistic West whereas practice of religion is propagated to be restricted to the privacy of the homes. Also, I would like to appeal the people in the “orient” to campaign for deleting the word orientation as this word has been abused by referring this to a sexual deviance in DSM manual of American Psychiatric Association.<br />
<br />
10.	 According to a study conducted by Himachal Pradesh Voluntary Health Association, Shimla 20% of the children have experienced homosexual atrocities. “Another after effect of this is sharp increase in Transportation work which mainly comprise of rural people of HP with large involvement of children working as cleaner. For one Big Cement plant viz. ACC Cement Barmana approximately 8000 trucks are operating. As per one small study 20% of such children have experienced homosexual atrocities”. There are other studies that have shown the involvement of homosexuals in sexual abuse of the children through internet as well. Thus, I would like to argue that granting revision and elimination of the prohibitory provisions of article 377 will further increase the incidence of child sex abuse by male homosexuals. In UK, there had been a demand by the gays for reducing the age of consent from 18 to 14. Considering the dominance of the atheistic liberal ethos, many children and adults will be become prone to the abuse of homosexuals. Also there had been a study where 70% of the abused children had been the victims of sodomy by homosexuals. <br />
<br />
11.	Considering the above I would like to appeal for the dismissal of the petition of Naz Foundation while also seeking the deletion of references to adoption of homosexuality as matter of human right in the documents of Amnesty International.<br />
<br />
12.	Considering the developments in Europe and US in this regard there might be a call for redefining institution of family so as to incorporate homosexual couples as family. There may be call then for them to be considered as legitimate recipient of abandoned children for adoption. Thus it can be seen that for many youth, children and future generations permission of deletion in provision of article 377 of IPC, there will be a great intellectual confusion. This will also have significant adverse impact in the families where some boys and girls under the persuasion such neo-liberal atheistic “social workers” and homosexuals will be called on to “come out of closet” and announce to the families and relatives that they are gay.<br />
<br />
13.	According to a study reported in Hindustan Times of 10 May 2001, two psychologists led by Dr.Robert Spitzer proved that highly motivated homosexuals could be converted. They also repudiated the attitude of the mental health professionals” who have bought the idea that once you are gay you can not be changed. He and his colleagues have found that 66% of men and 44% of women had achieved good heterosexual functioning. With reference to the petition of Naz Foundation it can be seen that there is no reference for the existence of controversy on the etiology of homosexuality. Instead, they have been calling for making homosexuality lawful.<br />
<br />
14.	In case, there is a favorable judgement, there can not be an end to the social denunciation of lesbians and homosexuals in India considering the strong conservative values that are shared across the religious groups in this regard. If the petitioners and their tutors think that they are “progressives” then they must recognize that RSS, practicing Muslims, Christians, Jains and Buddhists will continue denouncing them for their misguided understanding and seek correction in attitudes. Considering the history of dissidence this may be noted that appropriation of homosexuality is an instance of the most extreme and worst development in the anti-Christian discourse in Europe that was championed by Michel Foucault who could have excluded gays and lesbians while advocating for better treatment of women, blacks and prisoners. But then in his zeal for unearthing the archeology of knowledge he tried to have “limit experience” in the bars with provisions for sadomasochist experiences and liberated the gays and lesbians from the psychiatric label. Formation of groups of lesbians followed who have a vision to change the legislation in all societies. Unfortunately, Richard Falk has also included such a change in the existing legislations as part of “humane governance” (Falk, Richard (1995), "Towards a new global politics ,world order model project report of the global civilization initiative", Polity Press  Cambridge, UK )<br />
<br />
15.	Considering the exclusive studies by the undersigned, I may be called in person for presenting my case.<br />
<br />
Considering the above I would like to appeal for the dismissal of the petition with a severe reprimand for Naz Foundation while suggesting them to use faith based instruments for gays and lesbians. They can do better prevention of AIDS by faith based counseling than seeking legitimacy for deviant sexual acts. I would like to earnestly request you for the needful injunction for Delhi High Court in this regard.<br />
<br />
Thanking you in anticipation <br />
<br />
Respectfully<br />
<br />
<br />
Muhammad Mukhtar Alam<br />
As a Ph.D. candidate, Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi-11007<br />
15/4/2001<br />
Residential Address: 62-A, DDA Flats, Ashok Vihar-III, Delhi-110052<br />
<br />
<br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Tue, 24 Dec 2002 03:34:00 EST</pubDate> 
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Global responses for addressing the climate change</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/6543</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[There is  a need to respond to the climate change challenges by all.This can not be only left to the senators and parliametarians .We can make best responses for addressing the emission targets by checking on the decision patterns of ourseleves. We can communicate through all the forums for abstaining from exhibitionist consumption and leisure use patterns.We can practice prayer and meditation five times a day for getting out best responses. We can avoid utilizing services and utilities based on the use of fossil fuels. We can assuredly cut down on the decisions for going to bars and dancing halls that consume electricity and fossil fuel based services.<br />
<br />
I would like to suggest more consideration in this recommendation. There are other endeavours for reforiming banking and money for making it interest free.Forum for Stable Currrency http://www.intraforum.net/money is a positive movement.<br />
<br />
Also endeavours for distributive justice in the montheistic framework common to all religions need to be attended.Work of Robley E.George http://www.centersds.com is very interesting as he calls for democratic decisions all over the world for maximum limit to allowable wealth and universally guarunteed personal income.]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Tue, 05 Nov 2002 03:34:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/6543</guid>
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>My submission for the discussion on unified business ethics(World Bank) and then E-discussion on reforming technical cooperation</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/2698</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[I would like all the interested members of TIG to have a look at my submissions for the discussion on unified business ethics that was held in September -October 2001 at the following address: http://www2.worldbank.org/hm/hmethics<br />
<br />
My submissions to the e-discuussion on technical cooperation through my official e-mail address tdhgipd can be seen at http://www.capacity.org/undp-forum or http://www.undp.org/capacity.<br />
<br />
The participants in both discussions belong to the development and academic community. ]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Sun, 10 Feb 2002 10:24:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/2698</guid>
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                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>The World Order/Social Order</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/762</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[<p align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span style='font-family:Garamond'>BASIC<br />
CONCEPTUAL TOOLS AND PROPOSITIONS FOR THE DESCRIPTION, ANALYSIS, PREDICTION AND<br />
CONTROL OF THE WORLD ORDER/SOCIAL ORDER<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br />
<br />
<p><b><span style='font-family:Garamond'> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l1 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>STRUCTURES OF JUSTICE <o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Garamond'>This occurred<br />
in response to the frequent appearance of another phrase called structures of<br />
domination .It was a sort of intuitive realization in discourse with Dirk<br />
Boecks , a student of Philosophy at University of Delhi in 1992-93 that it has<br />
been the envisioned structures of justice that lie behind political and social<br />
mobilization across the time and continents.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=a><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l9 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>With reference to reverent, spiritual/divine/theistic discourses<br />
     <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l9 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>With reference to irreverent/materialistic/atheistic discourses <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l9 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Resolution of the dualism and the comparative efforts and<br />
     narratives <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l9 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>An analysis of the structures of justice inherent in the various<br />
     movements at local as well as global level. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l9 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Structures of justice for the children, future generations,<br />
     children of the 40eth century<o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=2 type=I><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l25 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>SURVIVAL EQUATIONS<o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Garamond'>The researcher<br />
had come across suggestions for inculcation of survival values in a seminar at<br />
PG Men's Hostel perhaps in 1990. Analysis of the survival equation was<br />
considered to be the key factor considering the fate of humanity in the<br />
background of threat of nuclear holocaust.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Interconnectedness of the survival equations related to the<br />
     people of the world. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>In mines based (industrial) civilization and grass based<br />
     (agricultural) civilization. Civilization of skyscrapers vs. civilization<br />
     of huts <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Sustainability of the consumption pattern in the mines based<br />
     civilization and the grass based civilization <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Adoption of the "middle path" for the future<br />
     generations and the<b> children of the 40th century. </b>The need for<br />
     invoking the interests of the children of 40th century was felt for<br />
     extending the time-span of planing <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l3 level1 lfo4;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Survival equation in the reverent/theistic discourse, in the<br />
     culture of prayer, meditation, penitence, thanksgiving and survival<br />
     equation in the culture of hedonist pleasure and irreverent utopias.<o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p><b><span style='font-family:Garamond'>III STRUCTURES OF DOMINATION<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=a><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Foucault's analysis of the structures of domination to unearth<br />
     the obstinate forms of repression for liberating the gays and lesbians<br />
     from the social stigma of abnormality <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>The co-option of the American Psychological Association (APA) in<br />
     Michel Foucault's enterprise to subvert, destroy and marginalize the<br />
     institution of family. APA must review and denounce its appropriation of<br />
     the definition of the sexuality engendered by the gays movement led by<br />
     Michel Foucault. Homosexuality can't be an alternative sexual orientation.<br />
     There must be a change in the DSM classification , in so far, as it<br />
     pertains to the present understanding of homosexuality. Pre-1966<br />
     understanding of the homosexuality must be restored. If APA persists in<br />
     the present categorization of homosexuality then rest of the world must<br />
     denounce APA classification related to homosexuality. <b>An appeal to the<br />
     Indian Psychological Association to demand the above. <o:p></o:p></b></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Zygmunt Bauman's analysis of modernism and post-modernism.<br />
     Marxism and capitalism seen as the two faces of the secular scientific<br />
     ideology. Modernist ideals related to sustained consumption of automobile<br />
     based on petroleum for all appear to be unrealistic. They are at the same<br />
     time objects of desire across the continents. Monochromatic consumption<br />
     pattern of the product of the culture is inter-related with local<br />
     features. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l0 level1 lfo5;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Theistic/Islamic understanding of the structures of domination<br />
     vs. the Foucault's understanding of the structures of domination. In Islam<br />
     the ultimate authority is vested in the commands of Allah/God contained in<br />
     the holy book Qur'an. For Foucault, authority is a socially constructed<br />
     reality and it is product of democratic consensus that needs consistent<br />
     deconstruction. Anti God, anti-Jesus Christ and anti-Muhammad Foucault may<br />
     be appreciated for his advocacy for tolerance for difference and culture<br />
     of discourse in the Euro-American-centric 'postmodern' discourse. The<br />
     etiology for homosexuality is not dominated by genetic factors only.<br />
     Environmental factors like peer group's influence, privileging of<br />
     homosexual role models, positive intellectual-philosophical climate of<br />
     opinion and several other socio-cultural factors do contribute for the<br />
     appropriation and adoption of the homosexual behavior among men and women.<br />
     <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=2 type=I><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l20 level1 lfo6;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>JUST WORLD ORDER AND UNJUST WORLD ORDER <o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l21 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>The cries of the world due to the perceptions of injustice and<br />
     related violence <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l21 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Different struggles for justice, quantitative and qualitative<br />
     measures of justice. Justice for 99.9% of the people of the world <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l21 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>The adoption of the concept of world citizen may help in<br />
     ensuring justice for the 99.9% of the people of the world. One can adopt<br />
     it in ones constellation of identities. Identities are switched on in<br />
     different situations. Many do have a consistent identity. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l21 level1 lfo7;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Perpetual struggle for a just world order. Struggle for an<br />
     Islamic social/world order happens to be most stringent in the postmodern<br />
     times (in European understanding of time). Bosnia Herzegovina happened to<br />
     be the test case. Medieval identities were invoked for regimentation of<br />
     the groups joined together in communist system. A short history of<br />
     atheistic humanism/communism could not prevent the rape of cultural<br />
     Muslim/Muslim women by the fellow communist turned Serbian supremacists<br />
     and racists. Joseph Stalin also did nothing but the Russianization of the<br />
     Central Asian ethnic /religious groups. Muslims in Central Asia are<br />
     endeavoring to undo some of the injustices. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=5 type=I><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l2 level1 lfo8;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>ETERNITY INDEX <o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>The concept of the eternity index was<br />
proposed in a paper presented on the occasion of Eternal Voyage, an<br />
international meet of tribal/indigenous and analogous people that was organized<br />
by the Department of Culture, Govt. of India. The eternity index can be also<br />
called sustainability index. Time-span consideration must be long. The doctrine<br />
of 'survival of the fittest' in human context must be denounced. This becomes<br />
important when we are considering the use of weapons of mass destruction or<br />
even the use of conventional weapons as the some of the resources for which<br />
nations appear to have been building alliances and strategic partnerships are<br />
exhaustible and nonrenewable. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>Inculcation and internalization of the<br />
concept of world citizen for one's identity may help in preparing such a state<br />
of mind. It is very much possible. It is a matter of careful consideration and<br />
decision for the sake of our happiness and the happiness of our children in say<br />
40eth century.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l23 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Eternity index as a conceptual tool to understand the<br />
     sustainability and desirability of consumption patterns prevalent across<br />
     the time and space. Other concepts with their revelatory, inspirational,<br />
     experimental and evolutionary origins. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l23 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Scores on the eternity index vary from 0 to 1. Eternity index<br />
     values according to the emphasis attached to the attitudes related to the<br />
     models of development, concepts of good life among the civilization groups<br />
     including the tribal and indigenous groups. The civilization group of the<br />
     tribal and indigenous people which are away from the dominant mines based<br />
     civilization group will have a score of 1 while civilization groups with<br />
     their conception of skyscrapers as an ideal form of living/working space<br />
     will have lessor values on the entreaty index. New York appears to be the<br />
     model and all the nations appear to be aspiring to have their own New York's.<br />
     Replication of the architectural constellation of New York for all the<br />
     cities appears to be impossible. Therefore horizontal spread of the<br />
     distribution of equitable living space should be the ideal. We must strive<br />
     and work for shifting the UN headquarters from a skyscraper to a<br />
     horizontally spread out building. This can be a powerful event for<br />
     ushering in change for a just world order. Members of the international<br />
     civil society, academicians, government officials, politicians, business<br />
     leaders, monarchs and the UN agencies may consider this as a suggestion<br />
     for careful consideration. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>Pre-modern, modern and postmodern<br />
concepts on the eternity index<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l4 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>History of Science in the European and non-European context and<br />
     then in Islamic and non-Islamic context. We have learnt from each other<br />
     and let's communicate more. Looking into the history of transmission of<br />
     ideas and methods of scientific inquiry, one needs to have a special<br />
     appreciation for the contribution of the Muslim scientists in the medieval<br />
     times who built on some of the ingenuous works of the Indian Scholars like<br />
     Aryabatta's "Surya Siddhanta". There is a need for mutual<br />
     acknowledgement. There is need to realize that investigation into the<br />
     nature and its rules can be done without rejecting the commands of the<br />
     Almighty as mentioned in Qur'an. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l4 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Consumption patterns on the eternity index. Idealization of the<br />
     consumption pattern with the use of automobiles and other engines using<br />
     the petroleum products cannot be sustained for a long time. It can<br />
     certainly not be available for the children of 40eth century.<br />
     Technological innovations for the development of non-conventional sources<br />
     of energy appear to be far fetched. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<p><b><span style='font-family:Garamond'>VI JOUISSANCE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l5 level1 lfo11;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Rowland Barthe's concept of 'jouissance' in postmodern<br />
     aesthetics. Michel Foucault's appropriation and consequent American<br />
     reception of jouissance for the masculine and feminine genders. There is a<br />
     lot of anguish and chaotic understanding of the self in the postmodern art<br />
     and the literary outputs. One has to get at the root causes of the anguish<br />
     as experienced by the artist/ writer/singer/poet. The pleasure produced<br />
     out of an encounter with the product of atheistic culture should be closer<br />
     to the orgasmic bliss. Thus orgasm becomes a supreme goal in the terms of<br />
     engagement with human beings and their products of creative enterprise. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l5 level1 lfo11;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Mukhtar's jouissance for construction/destruction inspired by<br />
     revelatory information in the holy text like Qur'an, Veda's, Bible<br />
     (Injeel), Torah (Torait) and Talmud(Zaboor), a critique of Rowlands<br />
     Barthe's understanding of jouissance. Qur'an is free from alterations.<br />
     Qur'an also needs to be read. It is a text as well .It is the most<br />
     important text. Here in the jouissance can be considered to have been<br />
     achieved in abidance of the commands of the Almighty as mentioned in the<br />
     holy text. Deviation from the command will always be a source of misery<br />
     here in this world and hereafter. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l5 level1 lfo11;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Mukhtar's jouissance for eternity against the jouissance for the<br />
     images of void, a critique to the lesbian sisterhoods appropriation of the<br />
     Rowland Barthe's jouissance. An appeal for reconsideration of the adoption<br />
     of behavior patterns and fraternities/sisterhoods/clubs and a call for<br />
     finding peace in the households/mosques/meditation halls. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l5 level1 lfo11;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Jouissance in the atheistic discourse Vs Jouissance in the<br />
     theistic discourse. An analysis of the behavior patterns, preference<br />
     patterns and futuristic visions. Violent expressions and the symbolic<br />
     representations. The struggle between the west and Islam. West needs to<br />
     have re-considerations and re-definitions. The construction of<br />
     "West" needs to reclaim the faith in the oneness of God and then<br />
     it needs to ban the consumption of alcohol as a first step. It can save so<br />
     many lives that are lost as a result of the anarchic bewilderment. There<br />
     will be significant reduction in the drug abuse. Children need to be<br />
     provided good role models. Downloading the interest of the children of<br />
     40eth century here and now. Divide the working hours for prayers and seek<br />
     forgiveness from the Almighty as many times as possible. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>VII <b>MODES OF EXPRESSION<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><br />
<br />
<p><b><span style='font-family:Garamond'>Probabilistic mode of expression,<br />
certainty mode of expression. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>Analysis of the situation and contexts<br />
for the use of the different modes of expression may be done by the concerned<br />
academics in the humanities. Consistent deferrals in the process for finding<br />
the Truth in the atheistic discourse has been a source of pain and anguish for<br />
many philosophers, social scientists and development professionals. The<br />
researcher has concluded that there is a need to do away with the probabilistic<br />
mode of expression with regard to the choice of moral-ethical standard. The<br />
researcher has chosen the Islamic framework. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>VIII <b>DENUNCIATION<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l28 level1 lfo12;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Denunciation in the reverent discourses respecting the<br />
     institution of family and irreverent discourses denouncing the institution<br />
     of family <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l28 level1 lfo12;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Denunciations in the absolutist free expression (Marx, Nietsche,<br />
     Marquis De Sade ,Sigmund Freud and Michel Foucault). Impact of the<br />
     denunciation on the definition of the terms of political and cultural<br />
     criticism. (Islamic denunciations need to be studied and for this it is<br />
     imperative that Quran should be also studied as a text before deciding<br />
     whether one should believe in it or not. The suggested denunciations in<br />
     Qur'an are eternally valid and they need to be followed for a better<br />
     future for everyone here in this world and hereafter). <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l28 level1 lfo12;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>A "psycho-historical" analysis of all the above<br />
     offering a critique to the absolutism of free expression in irreverent<br />
     discourse <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=9 type=I><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l14 level1 lfo13;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>IDENTITIES <o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l19 level1 lfo14;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Differentiation of identities. Hierarchy of identities,<br />
     switching off/on of the identities -Consistent identities (biological) and<br />
     inconsistent identities (ideological). Changing the ideological<br />
     identities-Restricting the expansion and the constriction of the<br />
     identities. Shaping of a local identity in the natural process. The<br />
     concept of world citizenship offered as a global identity that may be<br />
     inculcated for a just and sustainable world order. Islam provides the best<br />
     ground for the adoption of the concept of world citizen as the<br />
     determination of highness and lowliness is determined only by the degree<br />
     of piety <i>(taqwa</i>) of a person. Muslims following the commands in<br />
     Qur'an and the traditions of Muhammad, the last messenger of Allah are<br />
     good Christians as well. The reverse can not be true in the case of<br />
     denominational Christians as they have not adopted the straight path of<br />
     Islam as taught to Muhammad the last messenger of Allah/God after the<br />
     divine realization that irreversible changes had been made in the earlier<br />
     revealed Islamic texts to Jesus Christ (PBUH), Moses (PBUH) and David<br />
     (PBUH). There are strong intimations of strict Islamic monotheism in<br />
     Rigveda too <i>.</i>Its first verse<i> Ekam Brahamm dwitiya nasti </i>(<br />
     There is one God/ Allah and no one else) is a ringing affirmation for the<br />
     same <i>.</i>There is a possibility of grand reconciliation in the Islamic<br />
     framework with a common recognition of the faith in monotheism. Priests<br />
     and Brahmins needs to understand the importance of prayers by all rather<br />
     than practicing double standards and for this to happen there is need for<br />
     reconsideration of commands for the same in Qur'an. Education for prayers<br />
     five times a day needs to be made compulsory all over the world. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l11 level1 lfo15;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Attributes and attitudes related to a global identity such as<br />
     world citizen. This has to be eternal Islamic attributes. Muslims believe<br />
     in the fraternity of Muslims under one central leadership deriving its<br />
     guidance from Qur'an, the one and the only text accepted by the Muslims<br />
     all over the world. Attempts to have consensus on the Law in the atheistic<br />
     and polytheistic discourse have not succeeded and there are serious global<br />
     problems that need uniform action by all men and women. Practice of<br />
     culture of prayer five times a day globally will help in the global<br />
     deceleration, rationalization and prioritization of the consumption of<br />
     exhaustible resources. Realization of geo-governance/global governance can<br />
     be realized in Islamic framework for collective security and both temporal<br />
     and eternal wellbeing. ICT can be used both as a boon and bane for the<br />
     humanity. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=9 type=I><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l13 level1 lfo16;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>TECHNOLOGIES OF THE SELF <o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l22 level1 lfo17;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Technologies of the self for the eternal structures of feeling<br />
     of happiness/wellbeing /success and for eternal structures of justice And<br />
     structures for reverence. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l22 level1 lfo17;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Technologies of self ridden with the images of void. There are<br />
     too many stories of anguish from men and women who have been left on their<br />
     own with suggestion for denouncing faith in God as an expression of<br />
     emancipation <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l22 level1 lfo17;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Woodstock celebration vs. eternal celebration expression in the<br />
     traditional forms of collective religious/cultural expressions such as an<br />
     assembly of Muslims for prayers. There is a need to promote culture of<br />
     prayer five times a day globally. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=9 type=I><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l17 level1 lfo18;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>UNCERTAINITY <o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l8 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Uncertainty in the reverent absolution vs. uncertainty in the<br />
     irreverent absolutism of free expression. Endeavors for goodness in the<br />
     life after death. One is always uncertain about it and, therefore works<br />
     for improving one's chance for a better life both in this world and<br />
     hereafter. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l8 level1 lfo19;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Uncertainty of the sustainability of the consumption pattern of<br />
     the mines based civilization and the certainty of the consumption pattern<br />
     of the grass/hut/cultivable Earth based civilization (Mukhtar 93) <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>XII <b>SPIRITUALITY<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l7 level1 lfo20;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Morris Berman's analysis of creativity and spirituality -<br />
     horizontality and verticality of the spiritual search for the structure of<br />
     divinity. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l7 level1 lfo20;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Islamic spirituality for every one with active engagement with<br />
     the world in here and now and incorporating both the temporal as well as<br />
     eternal aspects of physical and spiritual health. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>XIII <b>SEXUAL PRACTICES</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l15 level1 lfo21;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Sexual practices across the civilization groups for the<br />
     long-term interest of the humanity. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l15 level1 lfo21;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Reverent sexual practices Vs sadomasochistic/homosexual<br />
     practices in the sexless, hopeless and lifeless worldview of Michel<br />
     Foucault and atheistic feminists.<o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>XIV <b>MORAL UNIVERSES<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l27 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Moral universes of the family respecting discourses and the<br />
     moral universe of the images of void ridden discourse of<br />
     homosexuals/lesbian sisterhood. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l27 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Shaping of a moral universe for the children of the 40eth<br />
     century. Consensus for the shaping of <b><i>an international/global moral<br />
     order</i> <o:p></o:p></b></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l27 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>The need for denunciation of the moral<br />
     universe of sadomasochistic and homosexual</span></b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'> <b>practices in the worldview of Michel<br />
     Foucault. The use of all possible techniques of persuasion to save the<br />
     children, men and women from the dangerous and hopeless doctrine of Michel<br />
     Foucault. There is an urgent need for the analysis of the moral intent of<br />
     post-modernity in this regard specially for those who are trapped in the<br />
     dangerous throes of chaos with its implication for the definition of one's<br />
     ideological / political / religious identity. <o:p></o:p></b></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l27 level1 lfo22;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>There is a need for global movement to liberate the American<br />
     Psychiatric Association of the influence of the Michel Foucault inspired<br />
     appropriation of homosexuality, because Michel Foucault and the gays<br />
     forced APA to reformulate its understanding of the implications of the<br />
     denunciation of homosexuality as an abnormality /abnormal behavior /<br />
     mental disorder. Later WHO also followed the suit. Sheldon J. Korchin in<br />
     his book (Modern Clinical Psychology, Principles of Intervention in the<br />
     Clinic and Community, CSB Publishers, 1998 page 102) notes this fact in<br />
     parenthesis as an explanatory comment for the diagnostic category of<br />
     sexual deviations drawn from the <i>Manual</i> for DSM-II published in<br />
     1968 " Included among others are homosexuality, fetishism,<br />
     exhibitionism, sadism etc. It is interesting to note that within five<br />
     years of the publication of DSM-II, the American Psychiatric Association<br />
     voted to delete homosexuality accepting the argument of the homosexual<br />
     community that homosexuality represented an alternate life-style but<br />
     should not be considered a 'mental disorder'." <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=15 type=I><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l16 level1 lfo23;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>UNIVERSALISM <o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l10 level1 lfo24;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Irreverent universalism in Freudian / Foucauldin / Marxist /<br />
     Feminist discourse vs. reverent universalism in the family respecting<br />
     cultural and political enterprises (Mukhtar 94) <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l10 level1 lfo24;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Denunciation of the irreverent universalization for the long<br />
     term interest of humanity and for robust survival equations of the<br />
     children of 40eth century. It may be stated that the purpose of the<br />
     invocation of the interests of the children of 40eth century is to extend<br />
     the time-span of planning for the global society. As a believer one could<br />
     say that it might be construed as a sinful act. However planing has been<br />
     suggested keeping into consideration the possible acceptance of the<br />
     eventual prayers. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=15 type=I><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l18 level1 lfo25;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS <o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l26 level1 lfo26;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Behavior patterns inspired by the irreverent discourse including<br />
     the rape of women, child sex abuse. Adultery, suicides by poor and rich <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l26 level1 lfo26;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Behavior patterns inspired by reverent discourses <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Garamond'>XVII <b>CULTURE<br />
OF PARYER VS.CULTURE OF IRREVERENT PLEASURE<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><br />
<br />
<p style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Garamond'>The social<br />
doctrine promoting culture of discourses/prayers can be contrasted with the<br />
social doctrines emphasizing and appropriating scruples free culture of<br />
irreverent pleasure and leisure. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<p style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Garamond'>Individual<br />
responsibility and collective responsibility. Individual family, global family<br />
and the children of the 40eth century. Vasudhaiv Kutumbkam ( the whole world is<br />
a family), Kullo Muslim Ikhwatun (All muslims are brothers), La sharquia, La<br />
Gharbia ! Islamia, Islamia (Neither East or West, Islam is the best). Think<br />
Globally, Act Globally, Global is Local, Local is Global etc. are the slogans<br />
that has been considered for analysis. Members of the Trans National Radical<br />
Party proclaimed "I am a Bosnian, I am an American,….etc" where all<br />
identities were invoked for expressing empathy for the related anguishes , pain<br />
and suffering following JF Kennedy who made a statement saying I am a Berliner<br />
in the cold war context. In the Islamic context humanity is a family of<br />
God/Allah and every man and woman should pray to Allah/God and Allah/God only<br />
without associating any partners. Every child is a born Muslim and Muslim<br />
persuades non-Muslims to revert back to Islam. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<p style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Garamond'>XVIII. <b>CONGREGATIONS<br />
AND SEGRAGATIONS<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><br />
<br />
<p style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Garamond'>All kinds of<br />
congregations and segregation's need to be studied. Congregations for the<br />
remembrance of Allah/God, the eternal and the absolute who was neither born nor<br />
gave birth are the best congregation. Certain segregation on the basis of<br />
gender and religion are valid. There is need to reconsider Islam for defining<br />
the segregation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>XIX <b>Other</b> <b>concepts treated<br />
Other on the Eternity Index<o:p></o:p></b></span></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=1 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l12 level1 lfo27;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>Science.</span></b><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'> God/Allah has asked human beings to investigate the creations.<br />
     One does not have to be an atheist to be a scientist. Polytheists and<br />
     atheists are engaged in debate over the nature of science. There are<br />
     claims and counter claims. Post-colonial intellectuals like Ashish Nandy a<br />
     political psychologist are vehement against the unjust 'authoritarianism'<br />
     of the modern science. Meera Nanda and Alan Sokal the great debunker of<br />
     postmodernist critiques want to reclaim modern science for the progressive<br />
     movement . Both appear to be on opposite poles. The researcher recommends<br />
     the Islamic framework for resolving the clash. Sundar Sarrukai defends the<br />
     postmodernist framework with severe denunciation Meera Nanda claims for<br />
     the modern science and its potential for social and global emnacipation.. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l12 level1 lfo27;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>Evolutionism</span></b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>: It should be understood as a human reflection<br />
     on the creation. There is no need to do away with the faith in the oneness<br />
     of the Creator. Anthropomorphic representations of God are false and have<br />
     been used as a tool of exploitation/suppression/oppression. Darwinian<br />
     theory has not been proved and there are gaps that pave way for it being<br />
     called an incorrect theory. Human beings have similarities with the<br />
     members of the other species. It does not however mean that we follow all<br />
     the social rules of the animal world. In the context of a just world order<br />
     discourse it needs to be asserted that the implications of the theory for<br />
     social organization and for international /inter community relationship<br />
     has to made redundant. We (everywhere in the world) must never say that<br />
     the fittest among the human beings will survive when we have nuclear<br />
     weapons and there is no guarantee as to the credibility and safety of the<br />
     control mechanisms. The denunciation of the behavioral implications of<br />
     Evolutionism needs to be considered extremely important for sustainable<br />
     development, disarmament and wellbeing/happiness. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l12 level1 lfo27;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>Authoritarianism</span></b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>. Sovereignty is vested in the existence of<br />
     God/Ishwar/Allah. All the universes belong to Allah/God/Ishwar to which we<br />
     all return. Atheistic texts/authority for all kind of prescriptions<br />
     related to future of human civilization must be denounced for the sake of<br />
     the future generations and us with exception for secular domains of<br />
     inquiry/investigation/research/theorizing. Atheists/ polytheist can not<br />
     give us any theory .We do not need any social theory. We need to go back<br />
     to the holy texts that have been condemned by atheist liberals /<br />
     neo-liberals and communist. We must work for a commune of believers with<br />
     scope for tolerance of the atheists/polytheist as they may receive<br />
     guidance. Qur'an needs to be studied for the solution of our civilization<br />
     problems. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l12 level1 lfo27;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>Rationality</span></b><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>. If we can believe in the existence of the millions of stars.<br />
     We need not question the existence of its Creator. Rejection of the God<br />
     for the sake of better social order/world order appears to have been used<br />
     as an instrument for the establishment of a just world/social order<i>. </i>Allah<br />
     / GOD / representationless <i>(nirgun)</i> exists beyond the reason and<br />
     the horizons of the imagined and imaginable universes. Human beings are<br />
     the best creation in the universe. There is a need for affirmation and<br />
     assertion of faith in the oneness of GOD/ALLAH/ISHWAR who was neither born<br />
     nor gave birth. Best Muslims are the ones who have an unalloyed faith in<br />
     Allah and who offer direct prayers five times a day along with following<br />
     the other commands of Allah . <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l12 level1 lfo27;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>Humanism and Democracy</span></b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>. Double standards in the understanding and<br />
     appreciation of the democratic aspirations. In Algeria military repression<br />
     of the Islamic Salvation Front is supported while in Myanamar military repression<br />
     of the democratic movement is condemned. Standards for making value<br />
     judgements on the democracy ought to be uniform. Democracy can not be<br />
     value neutral. The worst example of the atheistic democracy is the defense<br />
     of homosexuality as a normal behavior and then APA's vote for the same. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p style='margin-left:36.0pt'><i><span style='font-family:Garamond'> <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><br />
<br />
<ol start=6 type=1><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l12 level1 lfo27;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>'West'</span></b><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'> as in Samuel P. Huntington's "West will dominate conflicts<br />
     with the rest of the world". Samuel P. Huntington will be proved<br />
     false. West can not sustain itself as a political and cultural category.<br />
     There are too many equations of solidarity across the spaces now. However,<br />
     it is very much true that atheistic West as a cultural construct faces the<br />
     major threat from Islam and that it is not people but the non-Islamic and<br />
     certainly non-Christian ideas and behavior patterns that are neither good<br />
     for sustainable development nor for sustainable disarmament. Later must be<br />
     defeated for the happiness of all of us here in this world and hereafter.<br />
     In this struggle of Islam and the West, first and foremost should be consistent<br />
     repetition of appeal to the American Psychological Association (APA) and<br />
     to World Health Organization (WHO) to undo the change in its understanding<br />
     and classification of homosexuality. American Family Association, other<br />
     family associations and organizations endeavoring to protect the<br />
     institution of family/marriage and Pope John Paul will certainly support<br />
     such a demand. Atheistic, anti-Christ and anti-Islamic West must be<br />
     defeated for the sake of children, future generations and for sustainable<br />
     consumption patterns for the 99.9% of human beings on our beautiful<br />
     planet. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l12 level1 lfo27;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><b><span<br />
     style='font-family:Garamond'>Value neutral Market vs. Value governed<br />
     market <o:p></o:p></span></b></li><br />
</ol><br />
<br />
<p style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-family:Garamond'>Market can be<br />
governed by moral principles and market can be permitted total freedom. One can<br />
permit the continuation of sale of pornographic magazine and service at the<br />
pornographic sites on the Internet. For a just world order and then for just<br />
world governance it is extremely important to prohibit the sale of these site<br />
for the sake of better future for ourselves and then children of future. George<br />
Soros considered market an immoral place and played all games producing<br />
financial instability. According to his confession he did that as he found that<br />
if he does not do the same than someone else will do that. As a sort of<br />
compensation for this immoral way of money making he donated a lot of money<br />
through his foundations. DN Ghosh (2000) rightly asserts that '' The global<br />
economy without the discipline of a world government has becomes a breeding<br />
ground for adventures. It is throwing up men who know how to leverage their<br />
imaginations to satisfy their appetites for money and power"). This can be<br />
controlled and this needs to by controlled by globally prohibiting speculative<br />
behaviors and closing down all the dens of gambling. We can not have world full<br />
of Las Vegas. It has been shown elsewhere in the writing in the section on<br />
researcher's responses how consumption pattern, behavior patterns and<br />
production patterns based on the utilization of exhaustible argument is not<br />
sustainable. This can be done by global adoption of Islamic framework for world<br />
governance. Market can not be permitted to promote immoral activities by men<br />
and women with the wastage of resources on campaign against AIDS.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<p><b><span style='font-family:Garamond'>Findings of the interviews <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>Keeping into the consideration of the<br />
assertions and denunciations of the researcher the same should have been tested<br />
through the interview and questionnaires. Due to an overwhelming sense of<br />
personal insecurity the same could not be done in 1995. However the interview<br />
questions included queries related to the following:<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<ul type=disc><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Cognitive representation / understanding of the concept of world<br />
     citizen <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Attributes/characteristics o a world citizen <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Comparison between the compatibility of the concepts of world<br />
     citizen and world state /global village and then the compatibility of the<br />
     concepts of national citizenship and nation state. Description of the ways<br />
     for reconciling the demands of the World State and the sovereignty of the<br />
     nation state. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Opinions on whether concept of nation state is a deterrent for<br />
     the realization of the concept of world citizen. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Viability of the concept of 'nation state' or a 'state' for<br />
     adoption of the concept of the world citizen <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>The power of the concept of world citizen of overcoming the<br />
     concept of nation state <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>The importance of the loyalty/commitment to the nation and<br />
     commitment / loyalty to the humanity/world <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Opinions on the emergence of the universal culture based on the<br />
     integration of all cultures and then it becoming a basis for the<br />
     realization of the concept of world citizen. Description of the<br />
     alternative vision of universal culture. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Description of the cultural basis for the concept of world<br />
     citizen <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Respondents description of the conceptualization of the<br />
     relationship between different cultures of the world and its importance<br />
     for the realization of the concept of world citizen <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Opinion on the social, cultural and economic globalism and<br />
     globalization seen as western cultural and economic expansionism i.e.<br />
     extending western hegemony over the rest of the world. Responses on threat<br />
     perceptions ( whether it can be challenged and inevitability for such a<br />
     globalization <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Utopian Abstraction or the realistic nature of the concept of<br />
     the world citizen <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Cultural ,political ,economic and personal implications the<br />
     realization of the concept of world citizen <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Duration of acquaintance with the concept of world citizen <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Respondent's opinion on whether he/she would call s/herself a<br />
     world citizen. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l6 level1 lfo28;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>Name of the individuals who were may be considered world<br />
     citizens <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>It can be seen that concept of world<br />
citizen has been assumed to have two meaning in the formulation of the question<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<ul type=disc><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l24 level1 lfo29;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>It has been seen at a personal level where a person possesses<br />
     certain attributes for either being called a world citizen or for the<br />
     self-assessment. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
 <li class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;<br />
     mso-list:l24 level1 lfo29;tab-stops:list 36.0pt'><span style='font-family:<br />
     Garamond'>It has been also implied to seek response where world citizen is<br />
     an outcome of world governance, global unity, dissolution of national<br />
     boundaries and armies and its impact for global peace and maximization of<br />
     happiness and freedom of mobility across the Earth. <o:p></o:p></span></li><br />
</ul><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>The responses confirmed the assumptions<br />
for the formulation of the question. People connected with or access to<br />
Internet were perceived as world citizen. Some felt to need for a global<br />
movement for the realization of the concept of world citizen along with the<br />
researcher who found it urgent to have global unity for safeguarding against<br />
the global ecological and nuclear holocausts. Many saw it in terms of personal<br />
attributes. An embassy felt the questionnaire of political nature. The<br />
responses have been reproduced in the dissertation and the same can be seen for<br />
detailed assessment. It is difficult to present all the quantitative figures<br />
and qualitative analyses in the synopsis as the responses have different<br />
aspects. It may be considered sufficient that the researcher could not<br />
construct a vision for global adoption through the responses of the<br />
respondents. Nonetheless they serves as served as strong stimuli for conforming<br />
the resolution of researchers global view as characterized in the<br />
conceptualization. May be, there is more work for resolving the contradiction<br />
in the monotheistic framework where co-existence is ensured with consistent<br />
communication, exhortation and persuasion for being on the straight path with<br />
patience and then for bringing about a synergy of the global efforts for<br />
personal and collective wellbeing, happiness, success and health.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
<br />
<p><b><span style='font-family:Garamond'>Findings of the questionnaire<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><br />
<br />
<p><span style='font-family:Garamond'>40 attributes were presented for<br />
dichotomous responses. Across the groups of responses 27 of them received an<br />
between 90-100 % affirmative responses. Thus they can be considered to be<br />
redundant. Nonetheless they represent the aspiration of a positive citizenship.<br />
Also world citizenship as a political reality is a dream requiring global<br />
intellectual reconstruction for the local, multilateral and global institutions<br />
with pious leaders at the helm of affairs rather than *democrats* who would<br />
permit for the behavioral aberrations like appropriation and approval of the<br />
adoption of homosexuality and illegitimate sexual relationship. Hence attributes<br />
receiving maximum affirmation can for the characteristic of a person describing<br />
himself / herself as world citizen cannot be affixed as that would call for a<br />
global authority and then it will also require a global consensus. As per the<br />
conclusion of the researcher the authority can be only vested with the commands<br />
of Almighty. The re-organization of the world order and then personal identity<br />
will have to be in the practice of pure monotheistic framework globally by all<br />
men and women for realizing the best temporal and eternal interests.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Sat, 01 Sep 2001 19:00:00 EDT</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/762</guid>
					<georss:point>28.6 77.2</georss:point><geo:Point><geo:lat>28.6</geo:lat><geo:long>77.2</geo:long></geo:Point>
                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Sutaianibility Index accepted by UNDP and promoted globally among corporates through UN system</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/16205</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[I would like to mention with pleasure that one of my concept proposed in an international meet of tribal and anlogous people in 1993 has been accepted by UN system. I had proposed the Concept of Sustaianibility Index in 1993 for examining the history and future of consumption and production patterns. I had also proposed the idea to exemine the scenarios of consumption and production patterns for Children of 40th century. <br />
<br />
In the month of Septemeber 2002, I learnt from Ms.Momin Jaan, an UNDP official based in new Delhi that UNDP is promoting the concept of Sustainibility Index among the corporates. Later while searching the site of United Nations University, I learnt that the concept of Sustainibity Index has been copyrighted by UNU. I have been happy though with a feeling of lack of acknowledgement as one who proposed the concept initially.<br />
<br />
Last month I read in an aritlcle in the Times of India that the concept of Sustainibility Index is also being used by the European Stock Exchanges. This has been a reason of happiness for me .I wish more promotion of the concept as this helps in making eco-freindly decisions globally and locally.<br />
<br />
Furhter,I have argued for global adoption of prayer 5 times a day by all men and women for decelerating the consumption of fossil fuel based services and utilites as that is needed for realizing Kyoto Protocol emisssion targets.It can be seen that globalization of exhibitionist consumption patterns in leisure,travel industries are not helpful in realizing the Kyoto protocol emission targets.<br />
<br />
I would like to appeal to all associated with TIG and other august bodies to see reason and then communicate furhter for global of faith based instruments for changing consumption patterns and then for ensuring the establishment of compassiona non-usurious finance system.]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/16205</guid>
					<georss:point>28.6 77.2</georss:point><geo:Point><geo:lat>28.6</geo:lat><geo:long>77.2</geo:long></geo:Point>
                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Sutaianibility Index accepted by UNDP and promoted globally among corporates through UN system</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/16206</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[I would like to mention with pleasure that one of my concept proposed in an international meet of tribal and anlogous people in 1993 has been accepted by UN system. I had proposed the Concept of Sustaianibility Index in 1993 for examining the history and future of consumption and production patterns. I had also proposed the idea to exemine the scenarios of consumption and production patterns for Children of 40th century. <br />
<br />
In the month of Septemeber 2002, I learnt from Ms.Momin Jaan, an UNDP official based in new Delhi that UNDP is promoting the concept of Sustainibility Index among the corporates. Later while searching the site of United Nations University, I learnt that the concept of Sustainibity Index has been copyrighted by UNU. I have been happy though with a feeling of lack of acknowledgement as one who proposed the concept initially.<br />
<br />
Last month I read in an aritlcle in the Times of India that the concept of Sustainibility Index is also being used by the European Stock Exchanges. This has been a reason of happiness for me .I wish more promotion of the concept as this helps in making eco-freindly decisions globally and locally.<br />
<br />
Furhter,I have argued for global adoption of prayer 5 times a day by all men and women for decelerating the consumption of fossil fuel based services and utilites as that is needed for realizing Kyoto Protocol emisssion targets.It can be seen that globalization of exhibitionist consumption patterns in leisure,travel industries are not helpful in realizing the Kyoto protocol emission targets.<br />
<br />
I would like to appeal to all associated with TIG and other august bodies to see reason and then communicate furhter for global of faith based instruments for changing consumption patterns and then for ensuring the establishment of compassiona non-usurious finance system.]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/16206</guid>
					<georss:point>28.6 77.2</georss:point><geo:Point><geo:lat>28.6</geo:lat><geo:long>77.2</geo:long></geo:Point>
                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Sutaianibility Index accepted by UNDP and promoted globally among corporates through UN system</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/16207</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[I would like to mention with pleasure that one of my concept proposed in an international meet of tribal and anlogous people in 1993 has been accepted by UN system. I had proposed the Concept of Sustaianibility Index in 1993 for examining the history and future of consumption and production patterns. I had also proposed the idea to exemine the scenarios of consumption and production patterns for Children of 40th century. <br />
<br />
In the month of Septemeber 2002, I learnt from Ms.Momin Jaan, an UNDP official based in new Delhi that UNDP is promoting the concept of Sustainibility Index among the corporates. Later while searching the site of United Nations University, I learnt that the concept of Sustainibity Index has been copyrighted by UNU. I have been happy though with a feeling of lack of acknowledgement as one who proposed the concept initially.<br />
<br />
Last month I read in an aritlcle in the Times of India that the concept of Sustainibility Index is also being used by the European Stock Exchanges. This has been a reason of happiness for me .I wish more promotion of the concept as this helps in making eco-freindly decisions globally and locally.<br />
<br />
Furhter,I have argued for global adoption of prayer 5 times a day by all men and women for decelerating the consumption of fossil fuel based services and utilites as that is needed for realizing Kyoto Protocol emisssion targets.It can be seen that globalization of exhibitionist consumption patterns in leisure,travel industries are not helpful in realizing the Kyoto protocol emission targets.<br />
<br />
I would like to appeal to all associated with TIG and other august bodies to see reason and then communicate furhter for global of faith based instruments for changing consumption patterns and then for ensuring the establishment of compassiona non-usurious finance system.]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/16207</guid>
					<georss:point>28.6 77.2</georss:point><geo:Point><geo:lat>28.6</geo:lat><geo:long>77.2</geo:long></geo:Point>
                </item> 
                <item> 
                    <title>Faith based audit of the work of atheistic and polyhteistic strategies</title> 
                    <link>http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/17706</link> 
                    <description><![CDATA[Work against AIDS need global adoption of faith based instruments.<br />
<br />
While seeking affordable medicines , it is important to seek prevention of further transmission by gloablly adopting faith based instruments:<br />
<br />
Repentance for the sins and other false Satanic ideas<br />
Seeking forgiveness for the sin<br />
Prayer directly to God and God only <br />
5 time a day, Islamic practice is commanded and this can be seen for all the practical benifits in here and now.<br />
<br />
Seek more guidance from Allah/God everyday<br />
<br />
Abstain from drinking intoxicating drinks and campaign for removal of men and women from goveranance of all organizations who indulge in drinking intoxicating drinks<br />
<br />
Drinking is prohibited in Bible and Qur'an and it leads to inequitous practice and oppressive practice<br />
<br />
Adultery weakens instituions of marriage<br />
<br />
Usurious finance system is responsible for exploitation of the poor. Lot of resources in the poor countries can be released with the abolition of usurious financial transaction..<br />
<br />
More <br />
<br />
Please consider <br />
]]></description> 
					<pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 EST</pubDate> 
					<guid isPermaLink="true">http://Muhammad_Mukhtar_Alam.tigblog.org/post/17706</guid>
					<georss:point>28.6 77.2</georss:point><geo:Point><geo:lat>28.6</geo:lat><geo:long>77.2</geo:long></geo:Point>
                </item>
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