TIGblogs - -SB- Shobuz Bhai's TIGBlog

Michael Jackson: 1958-2009

Thu, 25 Jun 2009 19:19:00 EDT

Michael Jackson: 1958-2009
"King of Pop" Was Entertainment World's Most Influential Performer - And Tabloid World's Most Disturbing Celebrity

Michael Jackson: 1958-2009

The "King Of Pop" had a life full of number one hits and personal scandals
Stories
NJ Promoter Sues King Of Pop
Jackson Recruits Old Pal For Tour
(CBS/ AP) Michael Jackson, the moonwalking former child star who became known the world over as the "King of Pop" before his life and career deteriorated in a freakish series of scandals, has died. He was 50.

A person with knowledge of the situation says Jackson died Thursday in a Los Angeles hospital. The person was not authorized to speak publicly and requested anonymity.

His death brought a tragic end to a long, bizarre, sometimes farcical decline from his peak in the 1980s, when he was popular music's premier all-around performer, a uniter of black and white music who shattered the race barrier on MTV, dominated the charts and dazzled even more on stage.
Jackson's 1982 album, "Thriller" still is the top-selling album of all time, and Michael Jackson was the top performer in the world through much of the 1980s. But somewhere along the way, Jackson went from the king of pop to wacko Jacko.

Some say it started with an accident during the filming of a TV commercial that burned his scalp severely and led to a dependence on prescription pain killers. He became an increasingly reclusive and odd figure.
He was married briefly to Elvis Presley's daughter, then to his skin doctor's assistant. Jackson was a father of three, despite ongoing speculation that they could not be his natural children. He sparked one of his many scandals when he dangled one of the children over a balcony, causing concern of his parenting skills.

All of those scandals paled to the ongoing suspicion of child abuse. He paid one boy more than $20 million to make his allegations go away, but it happened again one day in November 2003.

The charges stemmed from a documentary in which Jackson stated again his belief that having young boys in his bed was completely natural.

"It's very right. It's very loving. That's what the world needs now," Jackson said at the time.

Much of the world saw it differently. Jackson was arrested, handcuffed, booked and eventually stood trial. The court case was a surreal spectacle befitting Jackson's bizarre way of life, including dancing on top of SUVS, pajamas worn to court, and a string of celebrities walking in and out of the courthouse in Santa Maria, California.

"Please keep an open mind and let me have my day in court," Jackson said.

But the inconsistent testimony from the boy and his family members, including a truly bizarre five days on the stand from the boy's mother, convinced the jury Jackson was not guilty. Still, the acquittal never completely put to rest the questions surrounding Michael Jackson., a curious figure who leaves behind a legacy of staggering musical genius, and stunningly bad judgment.

Jackson has kept a largely low profile in recent years but in March, he announced he would perform a series of London concerts scheduled for July.

Jackson was a master of memorable performances and a man whose real life remains a mystery. Michael Jackson also leaves legions of fans with an ongoing fascination with the one-time and some would say forever king of pop

Collected by
M.S.A. Shobuz

Can you rEally read this ?

Fri, 30 Jan 2009 13:17:00 EST

if yuo cna raed tihs, yuo hvae a sgtrane mnid too. Cna yuo raed tihs? Olny 55% of plepoe can. i cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it dseno't mtaetr in waht oerdr the ltteres in a wrod are, the olny iproamtnt tihng is taht the frsit and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it whotuit a pboerlm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Azanmig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

Youth's Corruption and His Problems

Thu, 29 Jan 2009 23:13:00 EST

There are many and various reasons for youth's corruption and his problems. Man, during the period of his youthfulness has a lot of physical, mental and intellectual developments. That period is an evolutionary one in which man experiences rapid development in his transformation. Hence the need for providing him with means of self-control and curbing of his self-defiance as well as wise leadership that can lead him to the straight path. Youth corruption can be attributed to many factors, prominent among them are:

1. Joblessness

Joblessness is a disease that kills mental, intellectual and physical capabilities. As a matter of fact, it is inevitable that human being should move and work and if he is deprived of work and movement, his brain becomes beset, his intellect becomes exhausted, and movement of the mind becomes weak and devilish insinuations and malicious thoughts take control of his heart. Evil and wicked intentions may occur to him as a result of the depression that befalls him out of his joblessness.

In order to be cured of this disease, the affected youth should get a vocation that suits him like reading, writing, trading or any other thing that can stand between him and his joblessness and which is capable of making him a sound and useful member of his community whether he does the work for himself or for others.

2. Estrangement between youths and elders

This problem appears in a situation where some elders see corruption in their youths and just stand aloof without making any effort to correct them having lost hope in their reform and consequently hating them or being scared of them and paying non-challenged attitude to their conditions whether they are good or bad.

These elders have already concluded that youths are all corrupted and therefore nurse psychological grudges against every youth, a situation that tears the society apart and causes both elders and youths to regard each other with contempt and disdain. This, indeed, is one of the dangers that encircle the society.

This problem however can be solved if elders and youths endeavour to remove the estrangement and alienation that exist between them. Both should bear it in mind that society- with its youths and elders - is like a single body, and if a part of it decays, the decadence will affect the whole body. Elders also are requested to feel the sense of responsibility rested on their shoulders towards their youths and eliminate the hopelessness of youths' piety in their minds because Allah is capable of doing everything.

For, how often a person straying far has been guided by Allah who thereafter became a torch of guidance and a reformer.
Youths on their part, should hold their elders in high esteem. They should respect their views and accept their directives because they have achieved degrees of experience and reality of life which youths have not achieved. Therefore when elders' wisdom are added to youths' energy the society becomes prosperous by the will of Allah.

3. Getting in contact with corrupted people and keeping their companies

This situation has a lot of psychological, mental and moral influence on the youth. That is why the Prophet (ًٍٍٍِSAWS) said: "Man is on the religion of his intimate friend, so let every one of you look critically for whom to befriend."

Solution to this problem is that the youth should choose a righteous, good and intelligent person as his companion in order to benefit from his goodness, righteousness and intelligence. He should consider people very well before befriending them by studying their conditions and reputations. If they happen to be people of noble character, upright, religious and of good reputation, they are his object of long cherished wish and his acquired booty. He should therefore stick to them.

If on the other hand they happen to be people of opposite characters, he must be cautious of them, keep away from them and should not be carried away by their sweet-talk and fine outward appearance.

4. Reading of destructive books, magazines, newspapers, etc

This type of literature makes one skeptical about his religion and faith and drags one from excellent morality to the abyss of degeneration which naturally leads to kufr (disbelief) and depravity if the youth does not have a strong resistance power in terms of deep Islamic education and mental acuteness and sagacity that can enable him differentiate between truth and falsehood and between what is useful and what is harmful.

Also, reading of this kind of literature turns the youth upside down because it meets fertile ground in his mind and thinking without any hindrance and get its roots strengthened and its stem solidified. It also reflects in his rationality and life.

The solution to this problem is to immediately shift from reading such literature to books that inculcate the love of Allah and His Prophet (SAWS) in one's heart and those books that help in actualizing faith and virtuous deeds. He should patiently endure reading of those books because his soul will put up a strong fight against him in order to coerce him into reading what he was used to before and will make him feel bored and irritated at reading useful books.

Example of him is like a person who wrestles with his soul so as to force it obeys Allah and the soul instead insists on wallowing in falsehood and distraction.

There are many useful books that help in this situation, most important of which is the Noble Qur'an and its Tafseer (explanation) written by scholars who based their exegesis on authentically transmitted ahadeeth [Traditions of Prophet Muhammad (SAWS)] and unequivocal common sense. Equally important and useful are books on ahadeeth and writings of scholars that are deduced and inferred from the two above mentioned sources.

[Summarized from: Youth's Problems in the Light of the Qur'an and Sunnah]

Collected By
SB

Salvate i bambini Per favore. STOP WAR, SAVE THE CHILDREN PLEASE, Salven a los niños por favor

Mon, 19 Jan 2009 19:41:00 EST

http://causes.com/stopwar

TRASMETTA UN EMAIL A TUTTI I PAESI ED ASSOCIAZIONI

see this photo album first

http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=34277l=48791id=1034000441

Please send an email to all the international organizations, associations and country leaders to save the childrens in gaza and israel

TRASMETTA UN EMAIL A TUTTI I PAESI ED ASSOCIAZIONI

Send to all the email addressess of international org and country leaders

Please STOP GENOCIDE IN GAZA, STOP INFENTICIDE IN GAZA.

United Permanent Missions
Please place this plea to your concerned country-authority, its people, politicians.
Stop triggering humans.

"Quanti bambini, quante donne, quanti innocenti dovranno essere ancora uccisi prima che qualcuno decida di intervenire e di fermare questo massacro?
ROMA - Tantissime, e continuano ad arrivare, le adesioni all'appello promosso da Acli, Arci e Legambiente insieme ad altre organizzazioni nazionali, gruppi locali, personalita', famiglie, cittadini e cittadine. Un appello rinnovato per raccogliere l'invito lanciato oggi dalla Tavola della Pace per incontrarsi ad Assisi sabato 17 gennaio (ore 10) e continuare a chiedere il cessate il fuoco nella Striscia di Gaza.

"Iniziamo a costruire nelle nostre citta', nelle nostre comunita', nelle scuole, nei luoghi di lavoro, una grande partecipazione- affermano gli organizzatori- per essere in tanti e tante ad Assisi e gridare: 'C'e' un modo per evitare il massacro di civili. C'e' un modo per salvare il popolo palestinese. C'e' un modo per garantire la sicurezza di Israele e del suo popolo. C'e' un modo per dare una possibilita' alla pace in Medio Oriente. C'e' un modo per non arrendersi alla legge del piu' forte e affermare il diritto internazionale'.

Cessate il fuoco in tutta l'area; ritiro immediato delle truppe israeliane; fine dell'assedio di Gaza; protezione umanitaria internazionale".

Nell'appello, la Tavola della Pace afferma: "Quanti bambini, quante donne, quanti innocenti dovranno essere ancora uccisi prima che qualcuno decida di intervenire e di fermare questo massacro? Quanti morti ci dovranno essere ancora prima che qualcuno abbia il coraggio di dire basta? La guerra deve essere fermata ora. Non c'e' piu' tempo per la vecchia politica, per la retorica, per gli appelli vuoti e inconcludenti- continua il testo-. E' venuto il tempo di un impegno forte, autorevole e coraggioso dell'Italia, della comunita' internazionale e di tutti i costruttori di pace per mettere definitivamente fine a questa e a tutte le altre guerre del Medio Oriente. Senza dimenticare il resto del mondo. Giovani, donne, uomini, gruppi, associazioni, sindacati, enti locali, media, scuole, parrocchie, chiese, forze politiche: a ciascuno si chiede "di fare qualcosa". (Dires - Redattore Sociale)

Send this letter to all the email addressess of international org and country leaders

Please STOP GENOCIDE IN GAZA, STOP INFENTICIDE IN GAZA.
You are meant to maintain peace. Ask nations to mount pressure, send peace keeping force to Gaza, if it needs. Explel itruders from Gaza.
We can not tolerate more, stop the barbarism

United Permanent Missions
Please place this plea to your concerned country-authority, its people, politicians.
Stop triggering humans.

TO- UNITED NATIONS
inquiries@un.org ,

afgwatan@aol.com , albania@un.int , algeria@un.int , andorra@un.int , themission@angolaun.org , argentina@un.int , armenia@un.int , australia@un.int , azerbaijan@un.int , bangladesh@un.int , bahrain@un.int , info@bruneimission-ny.org , prun@foreign.gov.bb , belarus@un.int , blzun@aol.com , bihnyun@aol.com , botswana@un.int , bulgaria@un.int , bfapm@un.int , burundi@un.int , cambodia@un.int , canada@un.int , capeverde@un.int , caf@un.int , chile@un.int , colombia@colombiaun.org , congo@un.int , costarica@un.int , cuba@un.int , pmccyprus.un@verizon.net , un.newyork@embassy.mzv.cz , dpr.korea@verizon.net , drcongo@un.int , nycmis@um.dk , djibouti@nyct.net , domun@onecommonwealth.org , drun@un.int , egypt@un.int , elsalvador@un.int , mission.newyork@mfa.ee , fiji@un.int , france@un.int , gambia@un.int , germany@un.int , ghanaperm@aol.com , grenada@un.int , guatemala@un.int , missionofguinea@aol.com , guyana@un.int , haiti@un.int , hungary@un.int , unmission@mfa.is , iran@un.int , ireland@un.int , italy@un.int , jamaica@un.int , mission@un-japan.org , missionun@jordanmissionun.com , kazakhstan@un.int , kenya@un.int , lesotho@un.int , libya@un.int , lithuania@un.int , repermad@verizon.net , malawinewyork@aol.com , malaysia@un.int , maldives@un.int , nicaragua@un.int , sknmission@aol.com , rusun@un.int , misiune@romaniaun.org , unmoldova@aol.com , korea@un.int , portugal@un.int , misunphil@aol.com , onuper@aol.com , paraguay@un.int , pngmission@pngun.org , emb@panama-un.org , mission@palauun.org , malionu@aol.com , oman@un.int , samoa@un.int , netherlands@un.int , nepal@un.int , nauru@un.int , namibia@un.int , myanmar@un.int , mozambique@un.int , mongolia@un.int , monaco@un.int , fsmun@fsmgov.org , mexico@un.int , mauritius@un.int , mauritania@un.int , marshallislands@un.int , pakistan@un.int , swaziland@un.int , malawiu@aol.com , myanmarmission@verizon.net , nauru@onecommonwealth.org , cuba_onu@cubanmission.com , uruguay@un.int , tzrepny@aol.com , uk@un.int , tuvalu@onecommonwealth.org , turkmenistan@un.int , tto@un.int , tongaunmission@aol.com , timor-leste@un.int , thailand@un.int , slumission@aol.com , slovenia@un.int , ethiopia@un.int , stp1@attglobal.net , saudi-mission@un.int , seychelles@un.int , sierraleone@un.int , tajikistanun@aol.com , mission@newyork.mfa.sk , sweden@un.int , somalia@un.int , pmun@southafrica-newyork.net , slpmny@aol.com , sudan@sudanmission.org , suriname@un.int , svgun@aol.com , singapore@un.int , zimbabwe@un.int.org , yemen@un.int , vietnamun@vnmission.com , venezuela@un.int , vanunmis@aol.com , usa@un.int , vertretung-un@nyc.rep.admin.ch , blzun@belizemission.com , niger@nigerun.org , delun@mfa.no , poland@polandun.org , sanmarinoun@hotmail.com , senegal.mission@yahoo.fr , syrianmission@verizonmail.com , uno_us@mfa.gov.ua , german-mission-consulate-gic-1@n... , un.newyork@mfa.no , support@glocksoft.com , ask@israel-info.gov.il , mission@bahamasny.com , nzmissionny@earthlink.net , unmission@belembassy.org , newyork.rp@mae.etat.lu , delgaliviaonu@hotmail.com , delbrasonu@delbrasonu.org , cotedivoiremission@yahoo.com , cromiss.un@mvp.hr , equatorialguineamission@yahoo.com , sanomat.yke@formin.fi , mission@greeceun.org , honduras_un@hotmail.com , india@un.int , indiaun@prodigy.net , imission@nyc.rr.com , kuwaitmission@msn.com , mission.un-ny@mfa.gov.lv , mission@nyc.rep.llv.li , newyorkun@diplobel.be -----------------

COUNTRIES

Government, Politicians and People of the nation

Please STOP GENOCIDE IN GAZA, STOP INFENTICIDE IN GAZA.
We are meant to maintain peace. Ask nations to mount pressure, send peace keeping force to Gaza, if it needs. Explel itruders from Gaza.
We can not tolerate more, stop the barbarism

Tell
United Nations
Please place this plea to your people, politicians.
Stop triggering humans.

ই-মেল :

presec@presec.tirana.al , postmaster@minjash.tirana.al ,
dragc@gg.dz , pmo@candw.ag , spyd@presidencia.gov.ar ,
president@president.am , premier@dpac.tas.gov.au , vklima@spoe.or.at ,
bcc@btl.net , foreign@barbadosgov.org , infogrp@president.gov.by , info@belgium.be ,
celcom@camnet.cm ,
pm@pm.gc.ca , altatalk@gov.ab.ca , pcmbrava@mail.cvtelecom.cv ,
webmaster@presidencia.cl , ceo@ceo.gcn.gov.hk , pastrana@presidencia.gov.co , rherrera@ns.casapres.go.cr ,
admin@president.hr ,
pioxx@cytanet.com.cy ,
president@hrad.cz ,
stm@stm.dk ,
pmoffice@cwdom.dm ,
correspondencias@presidencia.gov.do ,
lpolanco@serex.gov.do ,
webmast@mmrree.gov.ec ,
webmaster@presidency.gov.eg ,
presidente@casapres.gob.sv ,
sekretar@vpk.ee ,
valitsus@rk.ee ,
info@fiji.gov.fj ,
paavo.lipponen@eduskunta.fi ,
presidentti@tpk.vn.fi ,
office@presidpress.gov.ge ,
mail@primeminister.gr ,
homerule@gh.gl ,
alvaroarzu@guate.net ,
Viktor.Orban@meh.hu ,
cfwang@hlhg.gov.tw ,
david@althingi.is ,
webmaster@taoiseach.irlgov.ie ,
ask@israel-info.gov.il ,
staff@relay.regione.abruzzo.it ,
jpm@kantei.go.jp ,
info@nic.gov.jo ,

vice_president@whitehouse.gov ,
comments@whitehouse.gov ,
consultassre@gmail.com ,
chancery@president.lv ,
info@lp.gov.lb ,
gidirg@president.lt ,
kanceliarija@lrvk.lt ,
admin@foreign.gov.mv ,
statepas@intnet.mu ,
foreignaffairs@mail.fm ,
Elbegdorj_TS@prime.pmis.gov.mn ,
iczmerc@iafrica.com.na ,
provincie@flevoland.nl ,
odin@ft.dep.telemax.no ,
prime.minister@ministers.govt.nz ,
presidente@presidencia.gob.ni ,
www@cm.gov.nc.tr ,
cfwang@hlhg.gov.tw ,
frank-fhp@maf.org ,
govspkmn@mozart.inet.co.th ,
presoftt@carib-link.net ,
cankaya@tccb.gov.tr ,
ddlbsl@tccb.gov.tr ,
mofa@starcom.co.ug ,

number10@petitions.pm.gov.uk ,
postmaster@ribbon.kiev.ua ,
oda@mail.gov.if.ua ,
prime_minister@tavrida.crimea.ua ,
ens@odsadm.odessa.ua ,
press.nio@nics.gov.uk ,
comexpri@bolivar.funmrd.gov.ve ,
slobodan.milosevic@gov.yu ,
state@zamnet.zm ,

primeminister@pak.gov.pk ,
postmaster@mininfo.pna.org ,

presssecy@alpha.nic.in ,
presidentofindia@rb.nic.in ,
manmohan@sansad.nic.in ,

ofasin@presidencia.gob.pa ,
primeminister@pm.gov.pg ,
oppto_martin@pres.gob.pe ,
inka+@qenqo.rcp.net.pe ,
erap@erap.com ,
ppdoadn@butuanonline.com ,
capitol@bgo.cyberspace.com.ph ,
listy@prezydent.pl ,
cirinfo@kprm.gov.pl ,
guv@kappa.ro ,
president@gov.ru ,
secretariat@tatar.ru ,
pmoffice@candw.lc ,
ppo@seychelles.net ,
tomaz.lovrencic@vlada.sigov.mail.si ,
darinka.ilovar@up.sigov.mail.si ,
communications@po.gov.za ,
premsa@iafrica.com ,
for_min@sri.lanka.net ,
burpres@sr.net ,
ppcu@realnet.co.sz ,
regeringen@regeringen.se ,
peter.w.frey@ag.ch ,
info@sip.etat.lu , president@albd.org , postmaster@mx.parliament.govt.nz , postmaster@ag.ch , postmaster@maf.org , postmaster@ag.ch , paavo.t.lipponen@gmail.com , homerule@g.gh.gl , homerule@gh.gl , postmaster@presidencia.gob.do , postmaster@maf.org , postmaster@serex.gov.do , ask@israel-info.gov.il , postmaster@mininfo.pna.org
israel: ask@israel-info.gov.il
palestine: postmaster@mininfo.pna.org

white house: comments@whitehouse.gov
vice-president@whitehouse.gov

GRAZIE

http://apps.facebook.com/causes/188714?recruiter_id=21288242

http://causes.com/stopwar

Shobuz Bhai

আর কত মেরে থামবে শিকার, গণচিঠি দিন দেশে দেশে

Mon, 19 Jan 2009 19:32:00 EST

http://causes.com/stopwar

আর কত মেরে থামবে শিকার, গণচিঠি দিন দেশে দেশে

http://www.somewhereinblog.net/blog/kakshalikgangchil/28898192

(কিছু মন্তব্য দেখে নীচের দিকে কিছু কথা যোগ করতে বাধ্য হলাম। এই পোস্টে এমনহলে মূলসুরটাই কেটে যায়। অনুরোধ করছি, সেই ধরনের কথা,মনোভাব বর্জন করার।অন্যকথাও কিছু আছে)

আমরা ব্লগ থেকে সংগঠিত হয়ে গিয়ে নিজেরা সরিয়ে আনতে পারিনা মৃত্যুর কোলের শিশুদের, মানুষদের। চাইলেই ট্যাঙ্কগুলোকে লাগাতে পারিনা চাষের কাজে। এইগুলি হতে পারে না আ্যাম্বুলেন্স।
যারা চাকরি করতে এসে গুলি ছুড়ছে তাদের মনে করিয়ে দিতে পারি না, বন্দুক ফেলে দাও কিংবা একবার ঘুরিয়ে দেখ মুখ নির্দেশকারির দিকে।
শিশুরা যারা মিসাইলে লেখে ভালবাসার কথা, তাদের বুঝিয়ে দিতে পারি না, তোমাদের বুকে কেন বোনা হচ্ছে ঘৃনার বীজ,শত্রু কোথায়।আমরা হয়ত নিজেদের জায়গার একটা মিছিলও করতে পারি না, পারি হয়ত।

আজ পুঁজিবাদের এই আগ্রাসনে, রাস্ট্রায়ত্ত পুঁজির স্বার্থ কী নিদারুন চেহারা নিচ্ছে আমরা তা বুঝতে পারছি অনায়াসে। নিজের সন্তানের মুখে চোখ রেখে অন্তত আমরা শিউরে উঠতে পারি সেই প্রতিফলনে, গাজার শিশু, ইসরায়েলি শিশু তার বাবা-মায়ের সাথে আমাদের কোন পার্থক্য নেই।

বাংলাদেশের যুদ্ধাপরাধীদের বিচার চেয়ে এই ব্লগাররা অনেক সংঘঠিত ভাবে কাজ করছেন। গনস্বাক্ষরে চাইবেন বিচার। এখন কিন্তু সেরকম সময়ও আর নেই , গাজার জন্য।
নীচে চিঠি রাখলাম সঙ্গে পৃথিবীর প্রায় সবদেশের কতৃপক্ষের ই-মেল আই ডি, রাস্ট্রসংঘের টা এবং তাদের বিভিন্নদেশের অফিসগুলোর ঠিকানা।
আমরা অন্তত তাদের প্রত্যেকদিন মেল করে মনে করিয়ে দিতে পারি ভয়াভয়তার কথা।
যারা অন্য ব্লগগুলোতেও যান, তাঁরাও এইগুলি নিয়ে সেখানে পোস্টদিন।
ঠিকানাগুলো সব ইন্টারনেট থেকে সংগৃহিত, পরীক্ষা করে দেখা হয়নি তবে যতদূর সম্বভ অফিসিয়াল সাইট থেকেই নেয়া হয়েছে।

রাস্ট্রসংঘের মহাসচিব এবং তাদের বিভিন্ন দেশের কর্তাদের দিচ্ছি
এই চিঠি। এখানে সব সদস্যদেশ এবং অন্যদু'একটি দেশ রয়েছে এতে আমরা প্রায় সব দেশেই পৌঁছব। যতটা পারি ভাগ ভাগ করে দি্যেছি কপি করার সুবিধার্থে।

United Nations

Please STOP GENOCIDE IN GAZA, STOP INFANTICIDE IN GAZA.
You are meant to maintain peace. Ask nations to mount pressure, send peace keeping force to Gaza, if it needs. Explel itruders from Gaza.
We can not tolerate more, stop the barbarism

United Permanent Missions
Please place this plea to your concerned country-authority, its people, politicians.
Stop triggering humans.

প্রথমটা আই ডি টা মহাসচিবের
inquiries@un.org,

afgwatan@aol.com, albania@un.int, algeria@un.int, andorra@un.int, themission@angolaun.org, argentina@un.int, armenia@un.int, australia@un.int, azerbaijan@un.int, bangladesh@un.int, bahrain@un.int, info@bruneimission-ny.org, prun@foreign.gov.bb, belarus@un.int, blzun@aol.com, bihnyun@aol.com, botswana@un.int, bulgaria@un.int, bfapm@un.int, burundi@un.int, cambodia@un.int, canada@un.int, capeverde@un.int, caf@un.int, chile@un.int, colombia@colombiaun.org, congo@un.int, costarica@un.int, cuba@un.int, pmccyprus.un@verizon.net, un.newyork@embassy.mzv.cz, dpr.korea@verizon.net, drcongo@un.int, nycmis@um.dk, djibouti@nyct.net, domun@onecommonwealth.org, drun@un.int, egypt@un.int, elsalvador@un.int, mission.newyork@mfa.ee, fiji@un.int, france@un.int, gambia@un.int, germany@un.int, ghanaperm@aol.com, grenada@un.int, guatemala@un.int, missionofguinea@aol.com, guyana@un.int, haiti@un.int, hungary@un.int, unmission@mfa.is, iran@un.int, ireland@un.int, italy@un.int, jamaica@un.int, mission@un-japan.org, missionun@jordanmissionun.com, kazakhstan@un.int, kenya@un.int, lesotho@un.int, libya@un.int, lithuania@un.int, repermad@verizon.net, malawinewyork@aol.com, malaysia@un.int, maldives@un.int, nicaragua@un.int, sknmission@aol.com, rusun@un.int, misiune@romaniaun.org, unmoldova@aol.com, korea@un.int, portugal@un.int, misunphil@aol.com, onuper@aol.com, paraguay@un.int, pngmission@pngun.org, emb@panama-un.org, mission@palauun.org, malionu@aol.com, oman@un.int, samoa@un.int, netherlands@un.int, nepal@un.int, nauru@un.int, namibia@un.int, myanmar@un.int, mozambique@un.int, mongolia@un.int, monaco@un.int, fsmun@fsmgov.org, mexico@un.int, mauritius@un.int, mauritania@un.int, marshallislands@un.int, pakistan@un.int, swaziland@un.int, malawiu@aol.com, myanmarmission@verizon.net, nauru@onecommonwealth.org, cuba_onu@cubanmission.com, uruguay@un.int, tzrepny@aol.com, uk@un.int, tuvalu@onecommonwealth.org, turkmenistan@un.int, tto@un.int, tongaunmission@aol.com, timor-leste@un.int, thailand@un.int, slumission@aol.com, slovenia@un.int, ethiopia@un.int, stp1@attglobal.net, saudi-mission@un.int, seychelles@un.int, sierraleone@un.int, tajikistanun@aol.com, mission@newyork.mfa.sk, sweden@un.int, somalia@un.int, pmun@southafrica-newyork.net, slpmny@aol.com, sudan@sudanmission.org, suriname@un.int, svgun@aol.com, singapore@un.int, zimbabwe@un.int.org, yemen@un.int, vietnamun@vnmission.com, venezuela@un.int, vanunmis@aol.com, usa@un.int, vertretung-un@nyc.rep.admin.ch, blzun@belizemission.com, niger@nigerun.org, delun@mfa.no, poland@polandun.org, sanmarinoun@hotmail.com, senegal.mission@yahoo.fr, syrianmission@verizonmail.com, uno_us@mfa.gov.ua, german-mission-consulate-gic-1@netlink1.net, un.newyork@mfa.no, support@glocksoft.com, ask@israel-info.gov.il, mission@bahamasny.com, nzmissionny@earthlink.net, unmission@belembassy.org, newyork.rp@mae.etat.lu, delgaliviaonu@hotmail.com, delbrasonu@delbrasonu.org, cotedivoiremission@yahoo.com, cromiss.un@mvp.hr, equatorialguineamission@yahoo.com, sanomat.yke@formin.fi, mission@greeceun.org, honduras_un@hotmail.com, india@un.int,indiaun@prodigy.net, imission@nyc.rr.com, kuwaitmission@msn.com, mission.un-ny@mfa.gov.lv, mission@nyc.rep.llv.li, newyorkun@diplobel.be ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
এটা দিচ্ছি রাস্ট্রগুলোকে
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Government, Politicians and People of the nation

Please STOP GENOCIDE IN GAZA, STOP INFANTICIDE IN GAZA.
We are meant to maintain peace. Ask nations to mount pressure, send peace keeping force to Gaza, if it needs. Explel itruders from Gaza.
We can not tolerate more, stop the barbarism

Tell
United Nations
Please place this plea to your people, politicians.
Stop triggering humans.

ই-মেল :

presec@presec.tirana.al, postmaster@minjash.tirana.al,
dragc@gg.dz, pmo@candw.ag,spyd@presidencia.gov.ar,
president@president.am, premier@dpac.tas.gov.au, vklima@spoe.or.at,
bcc@btl.net, foreign@barbadosgov.org,infogrp@president.gov.by, info@belgium.be,
celcom@camnet.cm,
pm@pm.gc.ca, altatalk@gov.ab.ca, pcmbrava@mail.cvtelecom.cv,
webmaster@presidencia.cl, ceo@ceo.gcn.gov.hk, pastrana@presidencia.gov.co, rherrera@ns.casapres.go.cr,
admin@president.hr,
pioxx@cytanet.com.cy,
president@hrad.cz,
stm@stm.dk,
pmoffice@cwdom.dm,
correspondencias@presidencia.gov.do,
lpolanco@serex.gov.do,
webmast@mmrree.gov.ec,
webmaster@presidency.gov.eg,
presidente@casapres.gob.sv,
sekretar@vpk.ee,
valitsus@rk.ee,
info@fiji.gov.fj,
paavo.lipponen@eduskunta.fi,
presidentti@tpk.vn.fi,
office@presidpress.gov.ge,
mail@primeminister.gr,
homerule@gh.gl,
alvaroarzu@guate.net,
Viktor.Orban@meh.hu,
cfwang@hlhg.gov.tw,
david@althingi.is,
webmaster@taoiseach.irlgov.ie,
ask@israel-info.gov.il,
staff@relay.regione.abruzzo.it,
jpm@kantei.go.jp,
info@nic.gov.jo,

vice_president@whitehouse.gov,
comments@whitehouse.gov,
consultassre@gmail.com,
chancery@president.lv,
info@lp.gov.lb,
gidirg@president.lt,
kanceliarija@lrvk.lt,
admin@foreign.gov.mv,
statepas@intnet.mu,
foreignaffairs@mail.fm,
Elbegdorj_TS@prime.pmis.gov.mn,
iczmerc@iafrica.com.na,
provincie@flevoland.nl,
odin@ft.dep.telemax.no,
prime.minister@ministers.govt.nz,
presidente@presidencia.gob.ni,
www@cm.gov.nc.tr,
cfwang@hlhg.gov.tw,
frank-fhp@maf.org,
govspkmn@mozart.inet.co.th,
presoftt@carib-link.net,
cankaya@tccb.gov.tr,
ddlbsl@tccb.gov.tr,
mofa@starcom.co.ug,

number10@petitions.pm.gov.uk,
postmaster@ribbon.kiev.ua,
oda@mail.gov.if.ua,
prime_minister@tavrida.crimea.ua,
ens@odsadm.odessa.ua,
press.nio@nics.gov.uk,
comexpri@bolivar.funmrd.gov.ve,
slobodan.milosevic@gov.yu,
state@zamnet.zm,

primeminister@pak.gov.pk,
postmaster@mininfo.pna.org,

presssecy@alpha.nic.in,
presidentofindia@rb.nic.in,
manmohan@sansad.nic.in,

ofasin@presidencia.gob.pa,
primeminister@pm.gov.pg,
oppto_martin@pres.gob.pe,
inka+@qenqo.rcp.net.pe,
erap@erap.com,
ppdoadn@butuanonline.com,
capitol@bgo.cyberspace.com.ph,
listy@prezydent.pl,
cirinfo@kprm.gov.pl,
guv@kappa.ro,
president@gov.ru,
secretariat@tatar.ru,
pmoffice@candw.lc,
ppo@seychelles.net,
tomaz.lovrencic@vlada.sigov.mail.si,
darinka.ilovar@up.sigov.mail.si,
communications@po.gov.za,
premsa@iafrica.com,
for_min@sri.lanka.net,
burpres@sr.net,
ppcu@realnet.co.sz,
regeringen@regeringen.se,
peter.w.frey@ag.ch,
info@sip.etat.lu,president@albd.org, postmaster@mx.parliament.govt.nz,postmaster@ag.ch,postmaster@maf.org,postmaster@ag.ch,paavo.t.lipponen@gmail.com,homerule@g.gh.gl,homerule@gh.gl,postmaster@presidencia.gob.do,postmaster@maf.org,postmaster@serex.gov.do,ask@israel-info.gov.il,postmaster@mininfo.pna.org

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ইসরায়েল আর প্যালেস্টাইনের দু'টো আলাদা করে দিলাম । ইচ্ছা হলে আলাদা করে লিখতে পারেন।
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ইসারেল:ask@israel-info.gov.il
প্যালেস্টাইন: postmaster@mininfo.pna.org
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হোয়াইট হাউস: comments@whitehouse.gov
vice-president কেও লেখা যেতে পারে।
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সংযোজিত: কয়েকটা মেইল বাউন্স করতে পারে মেইল বক্স ভর্তি না অন্যকারনে, সেগুলিতে মনোযোগ দেয়ার দরকার নেই,ঐরকম অধিকাংশ ক্ষেত্রেই দ্বিতীয় কোনোও আই ডি জুড়ে দেয়া হয়েছে পোস্টে।
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যে সব দেশের সরকারের ঠিকানা ২য় চিঠিতে আছে সেগুলি হল

Afganistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and BarbudaArgentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, AzerbaijanBahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin,Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Dem. Rep.), Congo (Rep.), Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark, Djibouit, Dominica, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia,Fiji, Finland, France,Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Greenland, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Ivory Coast,Jamaica, Japan, Jordan
Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan,Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar,Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Cyprus, North Korea, Norway

Taiwan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu,Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom,Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam,Western Samoa,Yemen, Yugoslavia,Zambia, Zimbabwe,
Oman,Pakistan, Palau, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,Philippines, Poland, Portugal,Qatar,Romania, Russia, Rwanda,Saint Kitts And Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent And The Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome And Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka,Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria

ই-মেল এ কপি করতে অসুবিধা হবে বলে পাশাপাশি দিলাম না

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এই পোস্টে কিছু মন্তব্য দেখে, এই অংশটি যোগ করছি :

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গাজার মানুষ বাঁচুক, তা সে মুসলিম না অন্যকিছু তার খবরের দরকার নেই। গাজার মানুষ বাঁচাতে গিয়ে ইসরায়েল মানুষ পাল্টা নিধনে মারা যাক, তা চাই না। উপরেও সেটা লিখেছি।
এই পোস্টি দয়া করে কোন ধর্মীয় গোষ্ঠির উপর আঘাত এই দৃষ্টিকোন থেকে লেখিনি। দয়া করে সেরকম কোন বিচার থেকে কোনো কমেন্ট করবেন না, যাদের কাছে মানুষ মারা যাচ্ছে, শুধু এটাই কোন পয়েন্ট না, সাথে অন্য অনুপান চান, তারা দয়া করে এখানে লেখা বিরত রাখুন। কারন এতে মূল উদ্দেশ্যটাই মার যায়। এইরকম রেসিস্ট অনিভবের ফসলই কিন্তু আজেকর গাজা। মূল শত্রু কারা সেটা চিন্হিত ও বর্জন করুন, সেটা পুঁজিবাদি আগ্রসান যারা ধর্মকে একটা অস্ত্র হিসাবে ব্যবহার করে।

কোন কেয়ামত চাইনা আরও কী ধ্বংস দরকার। কিসের পর কী কেয়ামত আসে বলে কেউ বলেছেন।কোন বিতর্ক করে এই পোস্টির মূল ভাবনাটা ঘুরিয়ে দিতে চাই না, আপনারাও বর্জন করুন প্রতিক্রীয়াশিল মোনোভাবের মন্তব্যগুলিকে।
হিব্রু'র উত্তর দিতে পারি কিন্তু তার আগে দরকার শিশুদের, মানুষের মৃত্যু বন্ধ হওয়া।মৃত্যু নিয়ে না হয় ধর্ম নাই হল। মৃত্যু মানে সবার কাছেই এক, গাজার শিশু, ইসরায়েলি শিশু তার বাবা-মায়ের সাথে আমাদের কোন পার্থক্য নেই।
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১৮ ই জানুয়ারী, ২:৩০
ইসরায়েল সিসফায়ার করবে বলে মুখে বলেছে, ৩০ মিনিট আগে নাকি তা শুরু হয়েছে কিন্তু সেনা,বন্দুক,গোলা-বারুদ নিয়ে বসে আছে গাজাতেই , তাদের প্রোয়োজনে আবার শুরু করবে বলে । আগ্রাসন। এ কেমন সিজ -ফায়ার !!!!! ভাঁওতা মনে হয়, আসলে মানূষ মারতে আরও ছুতো সাজানো হচ্ছে।
জেনেভা কনভেনসনের কিছুই মানা হচ্ছে না।
আমরা এখনই চিঠি লেখা বন্ধ করছি না। আরও দুটো লাইন যোগ করছি তাতে।মানুষ মারাই লক্ষ্য।
পৃথিবীতে যুদ্ধ বন্ধ হোক।

Collected by

Shobuz Bhai ( http://causes.com/stopwar )

from somewhereinblog.net

Earth Quake - Bangladesh

Sat, 26 Jul 2008 19:35:00 EDT

Click the lInk for details

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Maps/10/90_25.php

Moderate quake hits northeastern Bangladesh
2 hours ago

A shallow, 4.9-magnitude earthquake hit northeastern Bangladesh early Sunday, meteorologists said.

The US Geological Survey (USGS) said the quake was centred 115 kilometres (70 miles) north of the capital Dhaka at a depth of 5.2 kilometres and struck at 12:51 am (1851 GMT Saturday).

There were no reports of any damage or casualties, but the tremor was felt in Dhaka and a police spokesman in Mymensingh, the district nearest the epicentre, told AFP it sparked panic there.

A meteorologist at Bangladesh's Storm Warning Centre said it had measured the quake at 5.6 on the Richter scale, according to local media reports.

Bangladesh last month announced plans to step up its earthquake response contingency plans.

The South Asian nation sits on active tectonic plates and is frequently jolted by tremors. The last major earthquake struck in 1896.

AFP- Report

Collected by
M.S.A. Shobuz

Untitled

Sat, 26 Jul 2008 18:56:00 EDT

Italy declares state of emergency over immigration

Saturday, 26 July , 2008, 16:40

Rome: The Italian government announced a nationwide state of emergency on Saturday in reaction to a phenomenal increase in illegal immigration to the country's south.

The Silvio Berlusconi government's move is to provide local authorities with greater means to deal with the rising tide of illegals arriving by boat.

Interior Minister Roberto Maroni plans to build new intake centres throughout the country, the daily La Repubblica reported.

Also in the news: Anxiety in Bangalore a day after terror blasts | Column: Heroes of a devil's democracy

According to the interior ministry, nearly 11,000 people illegally migrated to Italy in the first half of 2008, twice as many that came in the same period in 2007.

The Italian government called a state of emergency with a wave of refugees in 2002 and it was renewed annually - even under the centre-left government of Romano Prodi. As the intake centres in February 2008 seemed sufficient, the Prodi government limited the emergency measures to the three southern regions of Calabria, Sicily and Puglia. The Berlusconi government at the behest of the Interior Ministry has now widened the powers to the entire country.

Warning of the introduction of a "police state," the country's opposition attacked the measures sharply, calling them abhorrent. "Italy does not need inhuman and extraordinary measures," said parliamentarian Rocco Buttiglione, the Turin-based newspaper La Stampa reported on Saturday.

In response, Maroni criticised what he claimed was the opposition intention to make the state of emergency seem like an entirely new development, and called the opposition position "the worst Italian politics."

The Interior Minister is to face Parliament on Tuesday.

Berlusconi, who was elected Prime Minister in April, had declared the fight against illegal immigration a priority. A first step was the passage this week of a package of new security laws brought forward by the conservative government.

The number of illegal immigrants in Italy is estimated at around 650,000. Tens of thousands of refugees attempt the dangerous journey in less-than-seaworthy boats from North Africa into southern Europe each year.

Overnight another 73 would-be immigrants arrived in two boats at the Italian island of Lampedusa.

Collected By
M.S.A. Shobuz

Symbol, barcode, sign, logo for Msn others

Thu, 10 Apr 2008 02:24:00 EDT

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Genocide 1971:Bangladesh

Tue, 08 Apr 2008 23:16:00 EDT

“…… we were told to kill the hindus and Kafirs (non-believer in God). One day in June, we cordoned a village and were ordered to kill the Kafirs in that area. We found all the village women reciting from the Holy Quran, and the men holding special congregational prayers seeking God’s mercy. But they were unlucky. Our commanding officer ordered us not to waste any time.”

Confession of a Pakistani Soldier

It all started with Operation Searchlight, a planned military pacification carried out by the Pakistan Army started on 25 March, 1971 to curb the Bengali nationalist movement by taking control of the major cities on March 26, and then eliminating all opposition, political or military, within one month. Before the beginning of the operation, all foreign journalists were systematically deported from Bangladesh. The main phase of Operation Searchlight ended with the fall of the last major town in Bengali hands in mid May.

According to New York Times (3/28/71) 10,000 people were killed; New York Times (3/29/71) 5,000-7,000 people were killed in Dhaka; The Sydney Morning Herald (3/29/71) 10,000 - 100,000 were killed; New York Times (4/1/71) 35,000 were killed in Dhaka during operation searchlight.

The operation also began the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities. These systematic killings served only to enrage the Bengalis, which ultimately resulted in the secession of East Pakistan later in December, 1971. The international media and reference books in English have published casualty figures which vary greatly; 200,000–3,000,000 for Bangladesh as a whole.

There is only one word for this: Genocide.

Genocide in Bangladesh, 1971
The mass killings in Bangladesh (then East Pakistan) in 1971 vie with the annihilation of the Soviet POWs, the holocaust against the Jews, and the genocide in Rwanda as the most concentrated act of genocide in the twentieth century. In an attempt to crush forces seeking independence for East Pakistan, the West Pakistani military regime unleashed a systematic campaign of mass murder which aimed at killing millions of Bengalis, and likely succeeded in doing so.

In national elections held in December 1970, the Awami League won an overwhelming victory across Bengali territory. On February 22, 1971 the generals in West Pakistan took a decision to crush the Awami League and its supporters. It was recognized from the first that a campaign of genocide would be necessary to eradicate the threat: “Kill three million of them,” said President Yahya Khan at the February conference, “and the rest will eat out of our hands.” (Robert Payne, Massacre [1972], p. 50.) On March 25 the genocide was launched. The university in Dacca (Dhaka) was attacked and students exterminated in their hundreds. Death squads roamed the streets of Dacca, killing some 7,000 people in a single night. It was only the beginning. “Within a week, half the population of Dacca had fled, and at least 30,000 people had been killed. Chittagong, too, had lost half its population. All over East Pakistan people were taking flight, and it was estimated that in April some thirty million people [!] were wandering helplessly across East Pakistan to escape the grasp of the military.” (Payne, Massacre, p. 48.) Ten million refugees fled to India, overwhelming that country’s resources and spurring the eventual Indian military intervention. (The population of Bangladesh/East Pakistan at the outbreak of the genocide was about 75 million.)

The gendercide against Bengali men
The war against the Bengali population proceeded in classic gendercidal fashion. According to Anthony Mascarenhas:

There is no doubt whatsoever about the targets of the genocide. They were: (1) The Bengali militarymen of the East Bengal Regiment, the East Pakistan Rifles, police and para-military Ansars and Mujahids. (2) The Hindus — “We are only killing the men; the women and children go free. We are soldiers not cowards to kill them …” I was to hear in Comilla [site of a major military base] [Comments R.J. Rummel: “One would think that murdering an unarmed man was a heroic act” (Death By Government, p. 323)] (3) The Awami Leaguers — all office bearers and volunteers down to the lowest link in the chain of command. (4) The students — college and university boys and some of the more militant girls. (5) Bengali intellectuals such as professors and teachers whenever damned by the army as “militant.” (Anthony Mascarenhas, The Rape of Bangla Desh [Delhi: Vikas Publications, 1972(?)], pp. 116-17.)

Mascarenhas’s summary makes clear the linkages between gender and social class (the “intellectuals,” “professors,” “teachers,” “office bearers,” and — obviously — “militarymen” can all be expected to be overwhelmingly if not exclusively male, although in many cases their families died or fell victim to other atrocities alongside them). In this respect, the Bangladesh events can be classed as a combined gendercide and elitocide, with both strategies overwhelmingly targeting males for the most annihilatory excesses.

London, 6/13/71). The Sunday Times…..”The Government’s policy for East Bengal was spelled out to me in the Eastern Command headquarters at Dacca. It has three elements:

1. The Bengalis have proved themselves unreliable and must be ruled by West Pakistanis;
2. The Bengalis will have to be re-educated along proper Islamic lines. The - Islamization of the masses - this is the official jargon - is intended to eliminate secessionist tendencies and provide a strong religious bond with West Pakistan;
3. When the Hindus have been eliminated by death and fight, their property will be used as a golden carrot to win over the under privileged Muslim middle-class. This will provide the base for erecting administrative and political structures in the future.”

Bengali man and boys massacred by the West Pakistani regime.
Younger men and adolescent boys, of whatever social class, were equally targets. According to Rounaq Jahan, “All through the liberation war, able-bodied young men were suspected of being actual or potential freedom fighters. Thousands were arrested, tortured, and killed. Eventually cities and towns became bereft of young males who either took refuge in India or joined the liberation war.” Especially “during the first phase” of the genocide, he writes, “young able-bodied males were the victims of indiscriminate killings.” (”Genocide in Bangladesh,” in Totten et al., Century of Genocide, p. 298.) R.J. Rummel likewise writes that “the Pakistan army [sought] out those especially likely to join the resistance — young boys. Sweeps were conducted of young men who were never seen again. Bodies of youths would be found in fields, floating down rivers, or near army camps. As can be imagined, this terrorized all young men and their families within reach of the army. Most between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five began to flee from one village to another and toward India. Many of those reluctant to leave their homes were forced to flee by mothers and sisters concerned for their safety.” (Death By Government, p. 329.) Rummel describes (p. 323) a chilling gendercidal ritual, reminiscent of Nazi procedure towards Jewish males: “In what became province-wide acts of genocide, Hindus were sought out and killed on the spot. As a matter of course, soldiers would check males for the obligated circumcision among Moslems. If circumcised, they might live; if not, sure death.”

Robert Payne describes scenes of systematic mass slaughter around Dacca (Dhaka) that, while not explicitly “gendered” in his account, bear every hallmark of classic gender-selective roundups and gendercidal slaughters of non-combatant men:

In the dead region surrounding Dacca, the military authorities conducted experiments in mass extermination in places unlikely to be seen by journalists. At Hariharpara, a once thriving village on the banks of the Buriganga River near Dacca, they found the three elements necessary for killing people in large numbers: a prison in which to hold the victims, a place for executing the prisoners, and a method for disposing of the bodies. The prison was a large riverside warehouse, or godown, belonging to the Pakistan National Oil Company, the place of execution was the river edge, or the shallows near the shore, and the bodies were disposed of by the simple means of permitting them to float downstream. The killing took place night after night. Usually the prisoners were roped together and made to wade out into the river. They were in batches of six or eight, and in the light of a powerful electric arc lamp, they were easy targets, black against the silvery water. The executioners stood on the pier, shooting down at the compact bunches of prisoners wading in the water. There were screams in the hot night air, and then silence. The prisoners fell on their sides and their bodies lapped against the shore. Then a new bunch of prisoners was brought out, and the process was repeated. In the morning the village boatmen hauled the bodies into midstream and the ropes binding the bodies were cut so that each body drifted separately downstream. (Payne, Massacre [Macmillan, 1973], p. 55.)

Strikingly similar and equally hellish scenes are described in the case-studies of genocide in Armenia and the Nanjing Massacre of 1937.

How many died?
Bangladeshi authorities claim that 3 million people were killed, while the Hamoodur Rahman Commission, an official Pakistan Government investigation, put the figure as low as 26,000 civilian casualties. The fact is that the number of dead in Bangladesh in 1971 was almost certainly well into seven figures. It was one of the worst genocides of the World War II era, outstripping Rwanda (800,000 killed) and probably surpassing even Indonesia (1 million to 1.5 million killed in 1965-66).

As R.J. Rummel writes:

The human death toll over only 267 days was incredible. Just to give for five out of the eighteen districts some incomplete statistics published in Bangladesh newspapers or by an Inquiry Committee, the Pakistani army killed 100,000 Bengalis in Dacca, 150,000 in Khulna, 75,000 in Jessore, 95,000 in Comilla, and 100,000 in Chittagong. For eighteen districts the total is 1,247,000 killed. This was an incomplete toll, and to this day no one really knows the final toll. Some estimates of the democide [Rummel’s “death by government”] are much lower — one is of 300,000 dead — but most range from 1 million to 3 million. … The Pakistani army and allied paramilitary groups killed about one out of every sixty-one people in Pakistan overall; one out of every twenty-five Bengalis, Hindus, and others in East Pakistan. If the rate of killing for all of Pakistan is annualized over the years the Yahya martial law regime was in power (March 1969 to December 1971), then this one regime was more lethal than that of the Soviet Union, China under the communists, or Japan under the military (even through World War II). (Rummel, Death By Government, p. 331.)

People regard that the best option is to regard “3 million” as not an absolute but an arbitrary number. The proportion of men versus women murdered is impossible to ascertain, but a speculation might be attempted. If we take the highest estimates for both women raped and Bengalis killed (400,000 and 3 million, respectively); if we accept that half as many women were killed as were raped; and if we double that number for murdered children of both sexes (total: 600,000), we are still left with a death-toll that is 80 percent adult male (2.4 million out of 3 million). Any such disproportion, which is almost certainly on the low side, would qualify Bangladesh as one of the worst gendercides against men in the last half-millennium.

Who was responsible?
“For month after month in all the regions of East Pakistan the massacres went on,” writes Robert Payne. “They were not the small casual killings of young officers who wanted to demonstrate their efficiency, but organized massacres conducted by sophisticated staff officers, who knew exactly what they were doing. Muslim soldiers, sent out to kill Muslim peasants, went about their work mechanically and efficiently, until killing defenseless people became a habit like smoking cigarettes or drinking wine. … Not since Hitler invaded Russia had there been so vast a massacre.” (Payne, Massacre, p. 29.)

There is no doubt that the mass killing in Bangladesh was among the most carefully and centrally planned of modern genocides. A cabal of five Pakistani generals orchestrated the events: President Yahya Khan, General Tikka Khan, chief of staff General Pirzada, security chief General Umar Khan, and intelligence chief General Akbar Khan. The U.S. government, long supportive of military rule in Pakistan, supplied some $3.8 million in military equipment to the dictatorship after the onset of the genocide, “and after a government spokesman told Congress that all shipments to Yahya Khan’s regime had ceased.” (Payne, Massacre, p. 102.)

The genocide and gendercidal atrocities were also perpetrated by lower-ranking officers and ordinary soldiers. These “willing executioners” were fuelled by an abiding anti-Bengali racism, especially against the Hindu minority. “Bengalis were often compared with monkeys and chickens. Said Pakistan General Niazi, ‘It was a low lying land of low lying people.’ The Hindus among the Bengalis were as Jews to the Nazis: scum and vermin that [should] best be exterminated. As to the Moslem Bengalis, they were to live only on the sufferance of the soldiers: any infraction, any suspicion cast on them, any need for reprisal, could mean their death. And the soldiers were free to kill at will. The journalist Dan Coggin quoted one Punjabi captain as telling him, ‘We can kill anyone for anything. We are accountable to no one.’ This is the arrogance of Power.” (Rummel, Death By Government, p. 335.)

Eyewitness accounts
The atrocities of the razakars in killing the Bengalis equaled those of their Pakistani masters. An excerpt from an article written in the Azad, dated January 15, 1972, underscores the inhuman atrocities of the Pakistani troops and their associates, the razakar and al-Badr forces:

‘….The people of Narail can bear witness to the reign of terror, the inhuman atrocities, inflicted on them after (General) Yahya let loose his troops to do what they would. After March 25, many people fled Jessore in fear of their lives, and took refuge in Narail and its neighboring localities. Many of them were severely bashed by the soldiers of Yahya and lost their lives. Very few people ever returned. Bhayna is a flourishing village near Narail. Ali Akbar is a well-known figure there. On April 8, the Pakistani troops surrounded the village on the pretext that it was a sanctuary for freedom fighters. Just as fish are caught in a net so too were the people of this village all assembled, in an open field. Then everyone- men, women, and children–were all forced to line up. Young men between the ages of 25 and 30 were lined up separately. 45 people were shot to death on the spot. Three of Ali Akbar’s brothers were killed there. Ali Akbar was able to save himself by lying on the ground. But no one else of that group was as fortunate. Nadanor was the Killing field. Every day 20 to 30 people were taken there with their hands tied behind their backs, and killed. The dead bodies would be flung into the river. Apart from this, a slaughter house was also readied for Bengalis. Manik, Omar, and Ashraf were sent to Jessore Cantonment for training and then brought to this slaughter house. Every day they would slaughter 9 to 12 persons here. The rate per person was Taka ten. On one particular day, 45 persons were slaughtered here. From April 15 to December 10, the butchery continued. It is gathered that 2,723 people lost their lives here. People were brought here and bashed, then their ears were cut off, and their eyes gouged out. Finally they were slaughtered… : The Chairman of the Peace Committee was Moulana Solaiman. With Dr. Abul Hussain and Abdul Rashid Mukhtar, he assisted in the genocide. Omar would proudly say, “During the day I am Omar, at night I am Shimar( legendary executioner famous for extreme cruelty). Don’t you see my dagger? There are countless Kafirs (heretics) on it.”

Chuknagar: The largest genocide during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971

Chuknagar is a small business town located in the Dumuria Thana of Khulna district and very close to the India Bangladesh border. In 71 thousands of refugees gathered in Chuknagar to go to Kolkata. According to a conservative account around ten thousand people were in Chuknagar waiting to cross the border.

In the early morning of May 10, the fatal day around 10am two trucks carrying Paki troops arrived at Kautala (then known as Patkhola). The Pakis were not many in number, most possibly a platoon or so. As soon as the Paki trucks stopped, the Pakis alighted from the truck carrying light machine guns (LMGs) and semi automatic rifles and opened fire on the public. Within a few minutes a lively town turned into a city of death.

The accounts of the two hundred interviewees were same. They differed only in details. “There were piled up dead bodies. Dead Kids’ on dead mum’s laps. Wives hugging their beloved husbands to protect them from killer bullets. Dads’ hugging their daughters to shield them. Within a flash they all were just dead bodies. Blood streamed into the Bhadra river, it became a river of corps. A few hours later when the Paki bastards ran out of bullets, they killed the rest of the people with bayonet.”

Source: Muntassir Mamun, The Archive of Liberation War, Bangabandhu and Bangladesh Research Institute

http://www.genocidebangladesh.org/

Collected by
M.S.A. Shobuz
Shobuz Bhai

Radhuni Bangladesh Night in Rome

Tue, 08 Apr 2008 23:12:00 EDT

Radhuni Bangladesh Night in Rome

Radhuni, a popular brand of Square Consumer Products, will arrange a two-day
cultural extravaganza in Rome from April 13.
The organisers informed media at a press conference held on Saturday in
the city. Abdul Mukit Muzamder, director of Impress Telefilm Limited,
Mohammad Malik Syeed, head of marketing of Square Consumers Products limited
and Obadiul Haq, assistant marketing manager of the same organisation, among
others, were present at the briefing.
They said that the noted singers and performers would take part at the
programme titled 'Radhuni Bangladesh Night'.
Among the artists, popular singers Sabina Yasmin, Kumar Bishwajit, Bari
Siddiquee, Ankhi Alamgir, Nukul Kumar Bishwas, Biplab and Shahnaz Belly will
sing at the programme. Popular performers Mahfuz Ahmed, Purnima, Tisha,
Tinni, and model-turned-actor Novel will also attend the extravaganza.
The organisers hoped that the cultural programme would not only uphold
the spice product Radhuni among the Italians but also would present the
cultural heritage.
The two-day cultural function would also delight the expatriate
Bangladeshis in Rome, they added.
They also said that the product had already earned a good response in the
Italian market and this sort of programme would help to popularise the
product more in that country.
Channel-i will co-operate with the organisers as the media partner for
the event.

Cultural Correspondent
Newsbd

Collected By
Shobuz Bhai

There is no such thing that truth lies outside of you. the ultimate truth lies within you.

Fri, 22 Feb 2008 06:12:00 EST

The Human

Sura # 76 (The Human):

1. "Is it not a fact that there was a time when the human being was nothing to be mentioned?"
2. "We created the human from a liquid mixture, from two parents, in order to test him. Thus, we made him a hearer and a seer."
3. "We showed him the two paths, then he is either appreciative, or unappreciative."

What most people are unaware of, is the very STRUCTURE of their own selves.

Most of us grow up to think that 'we' are just made-up of the 'soul' which, when it dies, reverts back to GOD.

Although this information is 'partially' correct, there is also much more to the make-up of the human being which GOD explains to us through the Quran.

It is the devil's system to confuse and weaken us so we do not even know how to fight him!. One principal rule of any conflict is that you "know your enemy". But before doing that, you must first "know yourself"!.

Rouh = Soul?

This is the single biggest misconception that people have made which helped distort the issue of 'who we are'.

In Arabia, when someone dies, the people say: 'let us pray on his Rouh!'.

Also, when they speak about someone dying, the say: 'his Rouh has left him'.

In schools, they teach our kids that the 'Soul' is the 'Rouh' and that is what will die and be judged and punished or rewarded...

However, the story changes when we look at what GOD has to say:

"GOD takes the 'Nafs' when death comes, and also at the time of sleep..." (39:42)

"No 'Nafs' dies except by GOD's leave, at a predetermined time..." (3:145)

"Every 'Nafs' tastes death, then you receive your recompense on the Day of Resurrection..." (3:185)

"...You shall not kill the 'Nafs' that GOD has made sacred, except in the course of justice..." (6:151)

"...she said: my Lord, I have wronged my 'Nafs"..." (27:16)

Well, you get the picture!.

GOD tells us that our 'Soul' is called 'Nafs', and that this 'Nafs' is what is taken at death and what is judged on j-day (then rewarded or punished). The 'Nafs' is YOU, it is your entire being, it is your slate, which is burdened or lightened by your actions...

So, if the 'Soul' is the 'Nafs', then what is the Rouh?

Rouh = Spirit.

"While a barrier separated her from them, we sent to her Our 'Rouh'. He went to her in the form of a human being." (19:17)

"They ask you about the 'Rouh'. Say: 'The 'Rouh' comes from my Lord. And you were not given knowledge, except little." (Quran 17:85)

It becomes apparent to the reader that the 'Rouh' is from GOD and it is the accumulation of 'knowledge' that will assist the human being in his life...It is best described as 'Spirit'.

You see, animals also have 'Nafs' just like we do (it is their life-force), yet, you do not see monkeys building spaceships nor turtles working on computers!.

The 'Rouh' is the gift that GOD gave to our species to allow us the advantage of 'knowledge'.

"Once I perfect him (the human), and blow into him from My 'Rouh', you shall fall prostrate before him." (15:29)

All animals can communicate with one another (remember the birds speaking to Solomon?). However, it is only man that has 'knowledge'.

The 'Rouh' is GOD's gift to us, and it is only GOOD. The information that the 'Rouh' provides each of us is to be used for our benefit, but we have the 'choice' to use it for evil (like nuclear fission being used to make a bomb).

Some unfortunate news about the 'Rouh': It will NEVER approach you and save the day. for example, you are struggling to understand something. If you don't ask GOD for help, it won't go; "hey, here is the answer!" no, you have to approach it. Also, it will always be LITERAL. you will have to be specific of what you are asking. Note, you don't have to say this out loud. You can just think of it - because many times, humans have hard time expressing what exactly they want to ask. With the spirit of god, you don't have to worry about this - as long as you get the intention of asking, the spirit will know the question...as much as you wanted to ask and that ALONE (though it knows all the questions you know - it is not going to answer anything you did not ask).

Thus if we can summarize what we have upto this point.

The human being so far is made-up of:

1. The 'Soul' - Nafs (the is YOU, the real person, what makes choices and what will be judged);

2. The 'Spirit' - Rouh (this is a gift from GOD, it is NOT yours, you do not own it, all people have access to it - like the Quran. It's purpose is to help provide answers and knowledge to help your Soul make the right decisions).

Satan - Shaitan

The 3rd and most lethal mix in the equation of man is 'Satan'.

"He (Satan) said, "Since You have honored him over me, if You respite me till the Day of Resurrection, I will possess all his descendants, except a few." (17:62)

The unfortunate fact of our lives is that Satan challenged the right of our ancestors to posses access to the 'Rouh". Satan claimed that he was more qualified to utilize GOD's gift and that he would do a better job with it:

He (GOD) said, "What prevented you from serving when I ordered you?" He said, "I am better than he; You created me from fire, and created him from mud." (7:12)

This questioning of man's ability led to a dispute in the heavens and 'doubts' thus erupted:

Sura 38 (S'ad):

67 . Say, "Here is awesome news.
68. "That you are totally oblivious to.
69. "I had no knowledge previously, about the feud in the High heavens.
70. "I am inspired that my sole mission is to deliver the warnings to you."
71. Your Lord said to the angels: 'I am creating a human being from clay.
72. "Once I design him, and blow into him from My spirit, you shall assist him."
73. The angels assisted, all of them,
74. except Satan; he refused, and was too arrogant, unappreciative.
75. He said, "O Satan, what prevented you from assisting what I created before with My hands? Are you too arrogant? Have you rebelled?"
76. He said, "I am better than he; You created me from fire, and created him from clay."
77. He said, "Therefore, you must be exiled, you will be banished.
78. "You have incurred My condemnation until the Day of Judgment."
79. He said, "My Lord, respite me till the Day of Resurrection."
80. He said, "You are respited.
81. "Until the appointed day."
82. He said, "I swear by Your majesty, that I will send them all astray.
83. "Except Your worshipers who are devoted absolutely to You alone."

The above verses tell the story very clearly.

Satan requested that he be given a chance to 'prove' that man is unfit for the task...

And GOD thus allowed Satan (who has evil intentions) to entice us (but NOT have access to us):

"You may entice them with your voice, and mobilize all your forces and all your men against them, and share in their money and children, and promise them. Anything the devil promises is no more than an illusion." (Quran 17:64)

"I will come to them from before them, and from behind them, and from their right, and from their left, and You will find that most of them are unappreciative." (7:17)

Had the story stopped there, we would still be fine. Problem is, Satan managed to trick our ancestors into giving him ACCESS to our Souls!:

"The devil whispered to them, in order to gain access to them. He said, "Your Lord did not forbid you from this tree, except to prevent you from becoming angels, and from attaining eternal existence." (7:20)

Eating from the 'forbidden' tree allowed Satan to have constant access to our 'Nafs'.

The mix we now have is:

1. The 'Soul' - Nafs ;

2. The 'Spirit' - Rouh;

3. Satan - Shaitan (this is the devil having access to our Souls and being able to influence them).

Satan is the ULTIMATE falsehood within you. If there is ever a falsehood, don't look for it...outside of you - it lies within you.

Some more bad news: unlike the Rouh, Satan APPROACHES you. If you have a delimma, he will give your answer. Whether the answer is correct is not even a question, because we know it isn't. sometimes, before you even have a delimma, he will give you chaos...because he will give you so much falsehood in your life that you will end up feeling CONFUSED, DEPRESSED, feeling HATED by god, ABANDONED, etc etc etc - all the things he thrives in.

Do not despair.

Because Satan exists within you, there isn't much you can do about getting rid of him for good. however, you can get rid of every time he approaches - and as long as you keep in mind you shouldn't get tired of kicking him into silence, you are always the winner - because he invades your mind. by seeking refuge in GOD, you give the Rouh authority to keep him silent.

"When you learn the Quran, you shall seek refuge in GOD from Satan the rejected. He has no power over those who believe and trust in their Lord. His power is limited to those who choose him as their master, those who choose him as their god." (16:98-100)

How can you be safe with his falsehood information?. Every time he offers a solution, you do not take it for face value - you go and ask your Rouh. if you get a solution without asking for it - there are two ways you might've got that;

1. The 'Nafs' gave it to you (your own subconscious made the suggestion);

2. It came from Satan!.

You never get unasked solutions from the spirit. Abraham...whom god has chosen...was not approached by GOD - he approached GOD. The point is; GOD always loves you...but he won't stop you from ruining your life...if you don't ask for His help. GOD never abandons someone entirely...and never guides someone entirely - if he did, he would Abraham, Mohammed, etc - messengers whom He has chosen (who we see making human mistakes). And guidance, unlike the Muslim understanding of it...is a process of every situation...instead of all at once thing.

Final Note:

The best Islam is within you - the spirit of GOD (Rouh'u Allah) is within you. There is no such thing that truth lies outside of you. the ultimate truth lies within you. please, take advantage of that blessing. It will be your ultimate weapon against falsehood...

By Free-Minds (e-mail: free@free-minds.org)

SOUL IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY

The discussion of the human soul, its existence, nature, ultimate objective and eternity, occupies a highly important position in Islamic philosophy and forms its main focus. For the most part Muslim philosophers agreed, as did their Greek predecessors, that the soul consists of non-rational and rational parts. The non-rational part they divided into the plant and animal souls, the rational part into the practical and the theoretical intellects. All believed that the non-rational part is linked essentially to the body, but some considered the rational part as separate from the body by nature and others that all the parts of the soul are by nature material. The philosophers agreed that, while the soul is in the body, its non-rational part is to manage the body, its practical intellect is to manage worldly affairs, including those of the body, and its theoretical intellect is to know the eternal aspects of the universe. They thought that the ultimate end or happiness of the soul depends on its ability to separate itself from the demands of the body and to focus on grasping the eternal aspects of the universe. All believed that the non-rational soul comes into being and unavoidably perishes. Some, like al-Farabi, believed that the rational soul may or may not survive eternally; others, like Ibn Sina, believed that it has no beginning and no end; still others, such as Ibn Rushd, believed that the soul with all its individual parts comes into existence and is eventually destroyed.

1 The existence of the soul

2 The nature of the soul

3 The rational soul

4 The ultimate objective of the soul

5 Eternity of the soul

References end further reading

1 The existence of the soul

All Muslim philosophers concerned themselves with the subject of the soul. The most detailed and most important works on this subject are those of al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Ibn Sina and Ibn Rushd. Muslim philosophers recognized that the first issue, that confronts the human mind with regard to the soul is its existence. That is why, at the very beginning of his inquiry about the soul in al-Shifa’ (Healing), Ibn Sina (§6) asserts that we infer the existence of the soul from the fact that we observe bodies that perform certain acts with some degree of will. These acts are exemplified in taking nourishment, growing, reproducing, moving and perceiving. Since these acts do not belong to the nature of bodies, for this nature is devoid of will, they must belong to a principle they have other than bodies. This principle is what is called ‘soul’.

This argument is intended to prove the existence of the animal soul, which includes the plant soul. The soul is the source of acts performed by the will, not inasmuch as it is ‘a substance’ (an independent entity), but inasmuch as it is ‘the principle of such acts’. The rational soul, on the other hand, need not look outside itself to infer its existence. It is aware of its existence with immediacy, that is, without any instruments. Ibn Sina’s example of the suspended man is intended to prove that the rational soul is aware of itself apart from any body. His argument boils down to the view that, even if the adult rational soul is not aware of anything material, not even its body, it remains aware of its own existence.

2 The nature of the soul

While Islam made it incumbent on Muslim philosophers to occupy themselves extensively with the study of the soul and to make certain statements that in some cases appear consistent with Islamic beliefs, Greek philosophy had the upper hand in forming the real convictions of Muslim philosophers with regard to the nature of the soul. Unless otherwise specified, reference to :he soul here is limited to the terrestrial soul to the exclusion of the celestial one, since Muslim philosophers concerned themselves primarily with the former. It must be pointed out at the outset that ‘soul’. (nafs) was used in more than one sense in Islamic philosophy; the term was used to refer to the plant or vegetative part of a living being, the animal or sensitive part, the rational part and finally the totality of all three parts. The first two are the non-rational soul and the totality is the human soul. To add to the confusion, ‘human soul’ is used only in the sense of this fourth type of soul. The plant, animal and; rational souls are also called powers or parts of the; soul. Only from the context can one understand, whether a Muslim philosopher was using ‘soul’ in the broad sense to mean the human soul (the totality of the parts of the soul), or in the narrow sense to mean a specific part of the human soul.

Inasmuch as it has a certain relation to a body, the soul is a form for that body, that is, the perfection of that body. It is a form because a natural body is composed of matter and form, which in the case of animals are body and soul. Since it has been shown that the soul is the source of will and therefore is not matter, it remains a form. Perfection is of two types, primary and secondary. A primary perfection is what makes a thing actually a species, as shape does for the sword, or a genus as sensation and-movement do for animals. A secondary perfection is an act necessitated by the nature of the species or genus, such as cutting for the sword and touching for animal. The soul is a primary perfection of a natural body capable of performing the secondary perfections necessitated by this primary perfection. Together with its body, the soul constitutes a material substance. This substance can be the subject of plant, animal or human life.

The soul is a perfection inasmuch as it makes a natural body into a plant, an animal or a rational being. However, to define the soul as a perfection does not give us a clue as to what the soul is in itself, but only inasmuch as it has a relation to the body. The body is, therefore, an essential element in the definition of the soul. Without relating to a body, the thing we call ‘soul’ is not a soul and does not require the body as an essential part of its definition. Note, however, that in spite of this assertion, perhaps for the lack of any better term, Muslim philosophers use ‘soul’ also to refer to the rational soul after it separates from the body and reaches a complete state of purity from matter.

In its first or lowest stages of relating to the body, the soul is the plant soul, which is a primary perfection for an organic natural body inasmuch as this body can take nourishment, grow and reproduce. The plant soul is the power human beings and other animals share with plants. If the body with a soul is an animal, the soul develops into the animal soul, which is a primary perfection for an organic natural body inasmuch as this body has sensation and movement through will. While this soul includes the plant soul, it has also a sensitive power and a locomotive one. The sensitive power has both external and internal senses. The external senses are, in priority of existence, touch, taste, smell, hearing and sight. The first three are said to be necessary for survival and the last two for well being. In Talkhis kitab an-nafs (Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s On the Soul), IBN RUSHD (§3) asserts that the five external senses may be in potentiality, as in infancy and sleep, or in actuality, as in daily seeing or hearing. He also argues that there cannot be any external sense other than these five because there would be no function for it, since there is no external sensation other than the objects of the five senses mentioned above. Most Muslim philosophers mention three types of internal senses: common sense, imagination and memory. IBN SINA (§3) enumerates five internal senses: common sense, representational power, imagination, estimative power and memory. On the whole, the philosophers agree on the function of the common sense, imagination and memory; the function that Ibn Sina limits to the representational and estimative powers, other Muslim philosophers allocate to the imagination.

The common sense is an internal power in which all the objects of the external senses are collected. Contrary to the external senses, which can grasp only one type of sensation, as sight grasps light and hearing grasps sound, the common sense can grasp all external sensations, such as that honey is of such and such a colour, texture and smell. The representational power preserves the sensations of the common sense even after sensible things disappear. The imagination selects at will to combine some of the objects of the representational power with each other and to separate the rest. It makes its judgment about external things, but in the absence of these things. That is why it functions best when the external senses, which represent external things, are not at work, as in sleep. Ibn Rushd points out that animals such as worms and flies that do not act except in the presence of sensible things are devoid of imagination. The imagination is called such inasmuch as it is an animal instrument; it is called cognitive inasmuch as it is a rational instrument. The estimative power grasps non-sensible notions of sensible things, such as the sheep’s notion that the wolf is to be avoided. This notion is about a sensible thing but is not grasped through the external senses, as is the colour or shape of a wolf. Memory preserves the notions of the estimative power. The imagination acts on the objects of memory in the same way it acts on those of the representational powers. Like the objects of the external senses, those of the internal senses are particular and material. The difference is that they can be experienced in the absence of external things and are to some degree abstracted from matter.

The locomotive power branches into that which causes movement and that which actually moves. The former, the desiderative power, subdivides into the appetitive and the irascible. The appetitive causes movement toward what is imagined to be necessary or beneficial in the pursuit of pleasure. The irascible causes avoidance of what is imagined to be harmful or an impediment in the pursuit of dominance. The power that actually moves uses the nerves to relax the muscles at the demands of the appetitive power or tighten them at the demands of the irascible one.

3 The rational soul

The rational soul, which is defined as a primary perfection for an organic natural body inasmuch as this body can act by rational choice and grasp the universals, is divided into the practical and the theoretical intellects. The practical intellect seeks knowledge in order to act in accordance with the good in its individual body, its family and its state. It must, therefore, know the principles for properly managing the body, the family and the state, that is, ethics, home management and politics. The practical intellect is the rational soul turning its face downward. The function of the theoretical intellect is to know just for the sake of having the universals (the realities or natures of things). Some of these natures, such as God and the intellect, cannot attach to movement; knowledge of them is metaphysics. Other natures, such as unity, can attach to movement but do not; knowledge of them is mathematics. Still other natures, such as humanity and squareness, can attach to movement either in reality and thought, such as humanity, or in reality but not in thought, such as squareness. Knowledge of these is physics.

The theoretical intellect is the rational soul with its face upward. The practical intellect looks up to the theoretical one and moves its body accordingly. In this, the practical intellect is similar to :the celestial soul that looks up to the intellect of its sphere and moves its sphere accordingly. Thus, like .the celestial soul, the practical intellect is the link between intellect as such and matter.

On the whole, Muslim philosophers followed al-Kindi’s division of the theoretical intellect into the material intellect (al-‘aql al-hayulant), the habitual intellect (al-‘agl bil-malaka), the actual intellect (al-‘aql bi’!-fi’b and the acquired intellect’ (al-‘aql al-mustafad). The material intellect is a blank slate with the potentiality for grasping the intelligible forms or universals. Ibn Sina points out that it is referred to as material, not because it is actually material but because it resembles matter in accepting the form. The habitual intellect grasps the universals, as one acquires the skill to write; in other words, this intellect has the ability to use the universals but does not always do so. The actual intellect grasps the universals in actuality and is always ready to use them. While Muslim philosophers differed slightly with regard to their accounts of the acquired intellect, their general view is that it is the highest human state, the point of contact with the divine, the agent intellect (the intelligence of the moon, the lowest celestial intellect), which makes it possible for the theoretical intellect to acquire the universals in the purest form (see EPISTEMOLOGY IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY §4).

4 The ultimate objective of the soul

AL-FARABI asserts that even though the soul is of different parts, it is a unity with all its parts working for one final end, happiness. While the plant soul, for example, serves a specific function, it also serves the powers that are higher than it in rank, the animal powers. Without nourishment, growth and reproduction, the animal powers cannot perform their necessary functions. Similarly, while the function of the animal powers is to have sensation and movement, by performing this function they also promote the functions of the powers above them, the rational ones. The operations of the animal powers, especially those of the senses, are particularly important for the attainment of the final end. The external senses strip the forms from material objects and convey them to the internal senses. The more they are transferred internally, the less mixed with matter do they become. Since the innermost sense they reach is the imagination, they are there in their purest material existence (see IMAGINATION).

The role of the objects of the imagination is not always clearly defined in Islamic philosophy. Occasionally it is said by somebody like Ibn Sina to be one of preparation for the theoretical intellect to receive the universals from the agent intellect. At other times Ibn Sina, like other Aristotelians such as Ibn Rushd, takes these objects to be the ingredients out of which the universals are made after the last process of purification (see EPISTEMOLOGY IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY). It seems, however, that in either case the light of the agent intellect is needed to complete the process. In the former case, this light gives the intelligible forms to the theoretical intellect when this intellect is prepared. In the latter case, it sheds itself on the objects of the imagination, which are then reflected on the theoretical intellect without their matter. Since the theoretical intellect is in its first stages in potentiality, it cannot act on the objects of the imagination directly; hence the need for the agent intellect, which is pure actuality. The role of the practical intellect in all this is to put order into the body. This sets free the theoretical intellect from preoccupation with the body and helps the powers whose function is necessary for theoretical knowledge to function unhampered.

Muslim philosophers adhered to the view that the acquired intellect is one with its objects, for they thought the knower and the known are one, as did their Greek predecessors. This means that the highest human state is one in which unity with the universals or the eternal aspects of the universe is reached. This state is described as happiness because in it eternity, an aspect of the objects of the acquired intellect, is attained.

5 Eternity of the soul

When Muslim philosophers assert that the soul comes into existence simultaneously with the coming into existence of the body, some, such as Ibn Sina (§6), who believe that the rational soul is in essence nonmaterial, are thinking only of the non-rational soul. Others, such as Ibn Rushd (§3), who believe that the rational soul is originally not separate from matter, contend that the whole human soul comes into existence. The latter believe that since the rational soul grasps the universals from particular sensibles, and since such sensibles are material and have a temporal beginning, this soul must also be material and must have a temporal beginning. Those who attribute non-materiality to the essence of the rational soul, such as AL-KINDI and Ibn Sina, assert that this soul pre-exists the body. While all of them agree that the non-rational soul is destroyed after the destruction of the body, they differ with regard to the end of the rational soul.

Al-Kindi and Ibn Sina, for example, strongly adhere to the view that all rational souls are indestructible because by nature they are simple. AL-FARABI reminds us that the reason for eternal existence is the rational soul’s knowledge of the eternal aspects of the universe. From this he draws the conclusion, as did ALEXANDER OF APHRODISIAS before him, that only those rational souls that have this knowledge at their separation from the body are indestructible. Other rational souls are eventually destroyed. Ibn Sina finds in the grasping of the universals the grounds for happiness, not the eternity of the soul. Ibn Rushd seems to hold that only the acquired intellect can be indestructible; but the acquired intellect, he argues (as does his teacher IBN BAJJA), is divine and numerically one in all. Ibn Rushd was attacked for this view because it denies eternal existence of individual souls (see AVERROISM; SOUL, NATURE AND IMMORTALITY OF THE).

See also: ARISTOTELIANISM IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY; EPISTEMOLOGY IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY; ETHICS IN ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY; IBN RUSHD §3; IBN SINA §6; MYSTICAL PHILOSOPHY IN ISLAM; SOUL, NATURE AND IMMORTALITY OF THE

References end further reading

al-Farabi (c.870-950) al-Madina al fadila (The Virtuous City), trans. R. Walter, Al-Farabi on the Perfect State.’ Abu Nasr al-Farabi’s Mabadi’ Ara’Ah al-Madina al-Fadila, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985. (English and Arabic of the most comprehensive and best known philosophical work of al-Farabi.)

Ibn Rushd (1180) Tahafut al-tahafut (The Incoherence of the Incoherence), trans. S. Van Den Bergh, London: Luzac, 1954. (A response to a number of issues raised by al-Ghazali against philosophers. One of the three most important of these issues is that of the soul and its fate.)

- (c.1174) Talkhis kitab an-nafs (Middle Commentary on Aristotle’s On the Soul), ed. A.F. al-Ahwani, Cairo: Maktabat an-Nahda, 1950. (Includes also four other essays: Ibn Baja’s Risalat al-ittisal (Essay on Conjunction), Ishaq Ibn Hunayn’s Kitab ft an-nafs (Book on the Soul), Ibn Rushd’s Risalat al-ittisal (Essay on Conjunction) and al-Kindi’s Risalat al-‘aql (Essay on Intellect).)

Ibn Sina (980-1037) an-Nafs (The Soul), ed. F. Rahman, Avicenna’s de Anima, London: Oxford University Press, 1959. (The most important and detailed philosophical treatise on the soul in Islamic philosophy, the sixth part of the Physics of al-Shifa’. An Arabic edition of the text is included.)

(980-1037) Ahwal an-nafs (The States of the Soul), ed. A.F. al-Ahwani, Cairo: Dar Ihya’ al-Kutub al-Arabiyya, 1952. (Includes Risala fi an-nafs wa-baqa’ha wa-ma’adiha (Essay on the Soul, Its Permanence and Its Second Life), Mabhath ‘an al-qiwa an-nafsaniyya (Inquiry about Psychic Powers), Risala fi ma’rifat an-nafs an-natiga (Essay on Knowing the Rational Soul) and Risala fi al-kalam ‘ala an-nafs an-natiqa (Essay on an Inquiry Concerning the Rational Soul).)

- (980-1037) an-Najat (Deliverance), ed. F. Rahman, Avicenna’s Psychology, London: Oxford University Press, 1952. (The psychology of an-Najat is an abridgement by Ibn Sina of his encyclopedic work al-Shifa’ (Healing).)

- (980-1037) Rasa’d ash-shaykh ar-ra’is f asrar al-hikma al-mashriqiyya (Essays of the Master of the Head on the Secrets of Oriental Wisdom), ed. M. Mehren, Traites mystiques d’Avicenna, Leiden: Brill, 1889-99. (Ibn Sina’s ‘oriental philosophy’.)

Inati, S.C. (1996) A Study of Ibn Sina’s Mysticism, London: Kegan Paul International. (Includes a detailed analysis of Ibn Sina’s notion of the soul and a translation of the fourth part of al-Isharat wa‘1-tanbihat (Remarks and Admonitions).)

al-Kindi (before 873) Rasa’il al-Kindi al falsafiyya (Al-Kindi’s Philosophical Treatises), ed. M. Abu Rida, Cairo: Dar al-Fikr al-Arabi, 1953. (Includes al-Kindi’s most relevant works on the subject of the soul, al-Qawl fi an-nafs (Discourse on the Soul), Fi an-nafs (On the Soul) and Fi mahiyyat an-nawm war-ru’ya (On the Essence of Sleep and Internal Vision).)

SHAMS C. INATI

Collectede By
Shobuz Bhai

21 February , International Mother Language Day

Wed, 20 Feb 2008 21:37:00 EST

International Mother Language Day

21 February
International Mother Language Day
The world's nearly 6,000 languages will be celebrated on International Mother Language Day, an event aimed at promoting linguistic diversity and multilingual education.

Ensuring that these languages can continue in use alongside the major international languages of communication is a genuine challenge to countries worldwide.

Today, about half of the 6,000 or so languages spoken in the world are under threat

This year’s theme will be devoted to the topic of languages and cyberspace.

International Mother Language Day was proclaimed by UNESCO's General Conference in November 1999. The International Day has been observed every year since February 2000 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.
Languages are the most powerful instruments of preserving and developing our tangible and intangible heritage. All moves to promote the dissemination of mother tongues will serve not only to encourage linguistic diversity and multilingual education but also to develop fuller awareness of linguistic and cultural traditions throughout the world and to inspire solidarity based on understanding, tolerance and dialogue.

Links to UN and UN System sites:

United Nations:

UN Works for Cultural Diversity - Language
African Local Languages (Economic Commission for Africa)
Activities for the World Summit on the Information Society (Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia)
Sociedad de la Información (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean)
ICSTD (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific)
World Summit on the Information Society, Geneva 2003 - Tunis 2005
Unesco:

International Mother Language Day
B@bel Initiative
Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Education
Intangible Heritage
MOST Clearing House Linguistics Rights
Multilingualism on the Internet
Red Book of Endangered Languages

History of that day
On that day of 21 February 1952, corresponding to 8 Falgun 1359 in the Bangla calendar, a number of students campaigning for the recognition of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan were killed when police fired upon them. [2]

Mohammed Ali Jinnah(the Governor general of Pakistan) declared that the Urdu will be the only language for both west and east Pakistan at a public meeting on 1948, 21 March. The people of the East Pakistan (now Bangladesh, whose main language is Bengali) started to protest against this.

A student meeting on 21 February called for a province-wide strike. But the government invoked Section 144 on 20 February. The student community at a meeting on the morning of 21 February agreed to continue with their protest but not to break the law of Section 144. Even then the police opened fire and killed the students.

http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=34603URL_DO=DO_TOPICURL_SECTION=201.html

Sweety Pie (video)

Tue, 22 Jan 2008 07:36:00 EST

"The Original Cuppycake Video" was first uploaded to the web on YouTube on November 9th 2006.
Over the next 60 days, it was played over 47,000 times, averaging only about 783 plays per day.
Beginning on January 9th, 2007, it was featured on YouTube and just 5 days later, by the evening of January 14th,
it had been seen over 1,008,000 times, averaging over 192,000 plays per day during that period!
The total number of plays on YouTube to date (October 2nd) is 3,203,540.

if the video is not working
u can check it here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=12Z6pWhM6TA

if anyone needs the mp3 of that song, u can get it from http://jivjiv.com/Cuppycake

And Below is the lyrics:

You're my Honeybunch, Sugarplum
Pumpy-umpy-umpkin, You're my Sweetie Pie
You're my Cuppycake, Gumdrop
Snoogums-Boogums, You're the Apple of my Eye
And I love you so and I want you to know
That I'll always be right here
And I love to sing sweet songs to you
Because you are so dear

More info here
http://www.cuppycake.com/

Can you please wish a Happy Birthday to My sweet Angelica, my daughter

Tue, 08 Jan 2008 08:13:00 EST

Angelica
today is her 5 th birthday
She is big now
My cute Mamoni
My Daughter
My Life
She means a lot to me
But i can not wish her today
But i am missing her more than anything
i know i have to live without her
But i dont know how can i ?
May Allah Bless you baby
Happy Birthday to Angelica
---Shobuz Uncle

Proof of The Preservation of the Quran

Mon, 07 Jan 2008 00:30:00 EST

There are hundreds of religions flourishing around the world: Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Sikhism, Hinduism, Judaism, Bahaism, Babism, Zoroastrianism, Mormonism, Jehovas Witnesses, Jainism, Confucianism etc. And each of these religions claim that their scripture is preserved from the day it was revealed (written) until our time. A religious belief is as authentic as the authenticity of the scripture it follows. And for any scripture to be labeled as authentically preserved it should follow some concrete and rational criteria.

Imagine this scenario: A professor gives a three hour lecture to his students. Imagine still that none of the students memorized this speech of the professor or wrote it down. Now forty years after that speech, if these same students decided to replicate professor's complete speech word for word, would they be able to do it? Obviously not. Because the only two modes of preservation historically is through writing and memory. Therefore, for any claimants to proclaim that their scripture is preserved in purity, they have to provide concrete evidence that the Scripture was written in its entirety AND memorized in its entirety from the time it was revealed to our time, in a continuous and unbroken chain. If the memorization part doesn't exist parallel to the written part to act as a check and balance for it, then there is a genuine possibility that the written scripture may loose its purity through unintentional and intentional interpolations due to scribal errors, corruption by the enemies, pages getting decomposed etc, and these errors would be concurrently incorporated into subsequent texts, ultimately loosing its purity through ages.

Now, of all the religions mentioned above, does any one of them possess their scriptures in its entirety BOTH in writing AND in memory from the day of its revelation until our time. None of them fit this required criteria, except one: This unique scripture is the Qur'an - revelation bestowed to Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) 1,418 years ago, as a guidance for all of humankind.

Transmission of the Qur'an: Oral Written

Lets analyze the claim of the preservation of the Quran
1. Memorization

'In the ancient times, when writing was scarcely used, memory and oral transmission was exercised and strengthened to a degree now almost unknown' relates Michael Zwettler.[1]

Prophet Muhammad (S): The First Memorizer

It was in this 'oral' society that Prophet Muhammad (S) was born in Mecca in the year 570 C.E. At the age of 40, he started receiving divine Revelations from the One God, Allah, through Archangel Gabriel. This process of divine revelations continued for about 22.5 years just before he passed away.

Prophet Muhammad (S) miraculously memorized each revelation and used to proclaim it to his Companions. Angel Gabriel used to refresh the Quranic memory of the Prophet each year.

'The Prophet (S) was the most generous person, and he used to become more so (generous) particularly in the month of Ramadan because Gabriel used to meet him every night of the month of Ramadan till it elapsed. Allah's Messenger (S) use to recite the Qur'an for him. When Gabriel met him, he use to become more generous than the fast wind in doing good'. [2]

'Gabriel used to repeat the recitation of the Qur'an with the Prophet (S) once a year, but he repeated it twice with him in the year he (Prophet) died'. [3]

The Prophet himself use to stay up a greater part of the night in prayers and use to recite Quran from memory.

Prophet's Companions: The First Generation Memorizers

Prophet Muhammad (S) encouraged his companions to learn and teach the Quran:

'The most superior among you (Muslims) are those who learn the Qur'an and teach it'. [4]

'Some of the companions who memorized the Quran were: 'Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali, Ibn Masud, Abu Huraira, Abdullah bin Abbas, Abdullah bin Amr bin al-As, Aisha, Hafsa, and Umm Salama'. [5]

'Abu Bakr, the first male Muslim to convert to Islam used to recite the Quran publicly in front of his house in Makka'. [6]

The Prophet also listened to the recitation of the Qur'an by the Companions: 'Allah Apostle said to me (Abdullah bin Mas'ud): "Recite (of the Quran) to me". I said: "Shall I recite it to you although it had been revealed to you?!" He Said: "I like to hear (the Quran) from others". So I recited Sura-an-Nisa' till I reached: "How (will it be) then when We bring from each nation a witness and We bring you (O Muhammad) as a witness against these people?"' (4:41) 'Then he said: "Stop!" Behold, his eyes were shedding tears then'. [7]

Many Quranic memorizers (Qurra) were present during the lifetime of the Prophet and afterwards through out the then Muslim world.

'At the battle of Yamama, many memorizers of the Quran were martyred. 'Narrated Zaid bin Thabit al Ansari, who was one of those who use to write the Divine Revelations: Abu Bakr sent me after the (heavy) casualties among the warriors (of the battle) of Yamama (where a great number of Qurra were killed). Umar was present with Abu Bakr who said: "Umar has come to me and said, the people have suffered heavy casualties on the day of (the battle of) Yamama, and I am afraid that there will be some casualties among the Qurra (those who memorized the entire Quran) at other placeâ€¦"' [8]

'Over the centuries of the Islamic Era, there have arisen throughout the various regions of the Islamic world literally thousands of schools devoted specially to the teaching of the Quran to children for the purpose of memorization. These are called, in Arabic, katatib (singular: Kuttab). It is said that the Caliph 'Umar (634-44) first ordered the construction of these schools in the age of the great expansion'. [9]

Second Generation Memorizers:

"â€¦Quranic schools were set up everywhere. As an example to illustrate this I may refer to a great Muslim scholar, of the second Muslim generation, Ibn 'Amir, who was the judge of Damascus under the Caliph Umar Ibn 'Abd Al-Aziz. It is reported that in his school for teaching the Quran there were 400 disciples to teach in his absence". [10]

Memorizers in Subsequent Generations:

The Number of Katatib and similar schools in Cairo (Egypt) alone at one time exceeded two thousand. [11]

Currently both in the Muslim and non-Muslim countries thousands of schools with each instructing tens of hundreds of students the art of memorizing the entire Quran. In the city of Chicago itself, there are close to 40+ Mosques, with many of them holding class for children instructing them the art of Quranic memorization.

Further Points of Consideration:

* Muslims recite Quran from their memory in all of their five daily prayers.
* Once a year, during the month of Fasting (Ramadan), Muslims listen to the complete recitation of the Quran by a Hafiz (memorizer of the entire Quran)
* It's a tradition among Muslims that before any speech or presentation, marriages, sermons, Quran is recited.

Conclusion:

Quran is the only book, religious or secular, on the face of this planet that has been completely memorized by millions. These memorizers range from ages 6 and up, both Arabic and non-Arabic speakers, blacks, whites, Orientals, poor and wealthy.

Thus the process of memorization was continuous , from Prophet Muhammad's (S) time to ours with an unbroken chain.

"The method of transmitting the Quran from one generation to the next by having he young memorize the oral recitation of their elders had mitigated somewhat from the beginning the worst perils of relying solely on written recordsâ€¦" relates John Burton. [12]

"This phenomenon of Quranic recital means that the text has traversed the centuries in an unbroken living sequence of devotion. It cannot, therefore, be handled as an antiquarian thing, nor as a historical document out of a distant past. The fact of hifz (Quranic Memorization) has made the Qur'an a present possession through all the lapse of Muslim time and given it a human currency in every generation never allowing its relegation to a bare authority for reference alone" reflects Kenneth Cragg. [13]

2. Written Text of the Quran

Prophet's Lifetime:

Prophet Muhammad (S) was very vigilant in preserving the Quran in the written form from the very beginning up until the last revelation. The Prophet himself was unlettered, did not knew how to read and write, therefore he called upon his numerous scribes to write the revelation for him. Complete Quran thus existed in written form in the lifetime of the Prophet.

Whenever a new revelation use to come to him, the Prophet would immediately call one of his scribes to write it down.

'Some people visited Zaid Ibn Thabit (one of the scribes of the Prophet) and asked him to tell them some stories about Allah's Messenger. He replied: "I was his (Prophet's) neighbor, and when the inspiration descended on him he sent for me and I went to him and wrote it down for himâ€¦" [14]

Narrated by al-Bara': There was revealed 'Not equal are those believers who sit (home) and those who strive and fight in the cause of Allah' (4:95). The Prophet said: 'Call Zaid for me and let him bring the board, the ink pot and scapula bone.' Then he (Prophet) said: 'Write: Not equal are those believersâ€¦' [15]

Zaid is reported to have said: 'We use to compile the Qur'an from small scraps in the presence of the Apostle'. [16]

'The Prophet, while in Madinah, had about 48 scribes who use to write for him'. [17]

Abdullah Ibn 'Umar relates:â€¦ 'The Messenger of Allah (S) said: "Do not take the Qur'an on a journey with you, for I am afraid lest it should fall into the hands of the enemy"' [18]

During the Prophet's last pilgrimage, he gave a sermon in which he said: 'I have left with you something which if you will hold fast to it you will never fall into error - a plain indication, the Book of God (Quran) and the practice of his Prophetâ€¦' [19]

'Besides the official manuscripts of the Quran kept with the Prophet, many of his companions use to possess their own written copies of the revelation'. [20]

'A list of Companions of whom it is related that they had their own written collections included the following: Ibn Mas'ud, Ubay bin Ka'b, Ali, Ibn Abbas, Abu Musa, Hafsa, Anas bin Malik, Umar, Zaid bin Thabit, Ibn Al-Zubair, Abdullah ibn Amr, Aisha, Salim, Umm Salama, Ubaid bin Umar'. [21]

'The best known among these (Prophet's Scribes) are: Ibn Masud, Ubay bin Kab and Zaid bin Thabit'. [22]

'Aisha and Hafsa, the wives of the Prophet had their own scripts written after the Prophet had died'. [23]

Conclusion:

The complete Quran was written down in front of the Prophet by several of his scribes and the companions possess their own copies of the Quran in the Prophet's lifetime. However the written material of the Quran in the Prophet's possession were not bounded between the two covers in the form of a book, because the period of revelation of the Qur'an continued up until just a few days before the Prophet's death. The task of collecting the Qur'an as a book was therefore undertaken by Abu Bakr, the first successor to the Prophet.

Written Qur'an in First Generation

At the battle of Yamama (633 CE), six months after the death of the Prophet, a number of Muslims, who had memorized the Quran were killed. Hence it was feared that unless a written official copy of the Quran were prepared, a large part of revelation might be lost.

Narrated Zaid bin Thabit al-Ansari, one of the scribes of the Revelation: Abu Bakr sent for me after the casualties among the warriors (of the battle) of Yamama (where a great number of Qurra (memorizers of the Quran, were killed). Umar was present with Abu Bakr who said: "Umar has come to me and said, the people have suffered heavy casualties on the day of (the battle) of Yamama, and I am afraid that there will be some casualties among the Qurra at other places, whereby a large part of the Quran may be lost, unless you collect it (in one manuscript, or book)â€¦so Abu Bakr said to me (Zaid bin Thabit): You are a wise young man and we do not suspect you (of telling lies or of forgetfulness) and you used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle. Therefore, look for the Qur'an and collect it (in one manuscript)'â€¦So I started locating the Quranic material and collecting it from parchments, scapula, leafstalks of date palms and from the memories of men (who know it by heart)â€¦" [24]

Now, a committee was formed to under take the task of collecting the written Quranic material in the form of a book. The committee was headed by Zaid bin Thabit, the original scribe of the Prophet, who was also a memorizer of the complete Quran.

'â€¦Zaid bin Thabit had committed the entire Quran to memoryâ€¦' [25]

The compilers in this committee, in examining written material submitted to them, insisted on very stringent criteria as a safeguard against any errors.

1. The material must have been originally written down in the presence of the Prophet; nothing written down later on the basis of memory alone was to be accepted. [26]

2. The material must be confirmed by two witnesses, that is to say, by two trustworthy persons testifying that they themselves had heard the Prophet recite the passage in question. [27]

'The manuscript on which the Qur'an was collected, remained with Abu Bakr till Allah took him unto Him, and then with Umar (the second successor), till Allah took him unto Him, and finally it remained with Hafsa, 'Umar's daughter (and wife of the Prophet)'. [28]

This copy of the Quran, prepared by the committee of competent companions of the Prophet (which included Memorizers of the Quran) was unanimous approved by the whole Muslim world. If they committee would have made a error even of a single alphabet in transcribing the Quran, the Qurra (memorizers of the Quran) which totaled in the tens of hundreds would have caught it right away and correct it. This is exactly where the neat check and balance system of preservation of the Quran comes into play, but which is lacking for any other scripture besides the Quran.

Official written copy by Uthman

The Quran was originally revealed in Quraishi dialect of Arabic. But to facilitate the people who speak other dialects, in their understanding and comprehension, Allah revealed the Quran finally in seven dialects of Arabic. During the period of Caliph Uthman (second successor to the Prophet) differences in reading the Quran among the various tribes became obvious, due to the various dialectical recitations. Dispute was arising, with each tribe calling its recitation as the correct one. This alarmed Uthman, who made a official copy in the Quraishi dialect, the dialect in which the Quran was revealed to the Prophet and was memorized by his companions. Thus this compilation by Uthman's Committee is not a different version of the Quran (like the Biblical versions) but the same original revelation given to the Prophet by One God, Allah.

Narrated Anas bin Malik: Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman came to Uthman at the time when the people of Sham (Syria) and the people of Iraq were waging war to conquer Armenia and Azherbijan. Hudhaifa was afraid of their differences in the recitation of the Quran, so he said to Uthman, 'O chief of the Believers! Save this nation before they differ about the Book (Quran) as Jews and Christians did before'. So Uthman sent a message to Hafsa saying, 'Send us the manuscripts of the Quran so that we may compile the Quranic materials in perfect copies and return the manuscripts to you'. Hafsa sent it to Uthman. 'Uthman then ordered Zaid bin Thabit, 'Abdullah bin Az-Zubair, Said bin Al-As and Abdur Rahman bin Harith bin Hisham to rewrite the manuscripts in perfect copies. Uthman said to the three Quraishi men, 'In case you disagree with Zaid bin Thabit on any point in the Quran, then write it in their (Quraishi) tongue'. They did so, and when they had written many copies, Uthman sent to every Muslim province one copy of what they had copied and ordered that all the other Quranic materials whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies, be burntâ€¦" [29]

Again a very stringent criteria was set up by this Committee to prevent any alteration of the Revelation.

1. The earlier recension (Original copy prepared by Abu Bakr) was to serve as the principal basis of the new one. [30]

2. Any doubt that might be raised as to the phrasing of a particular passage in the written text was to be dispelled by summoning persons known to have learned the passage in question from the Prophet. [31]

3. Uthman himself was to supervise the work of the Council. [32]

When the final recension was completed, Uthman sent a copy of it to each of the major cities of Makka, Damascus, Kufa, Basra and Madina.

The action of Uthman to burn the other copies besides the final recension, though obviously drastic, was for the betterment and harmony of the whole community and was unanimously approved by the Companions of the Prophet.

Zaid ibn Thabit is reported to have said: "I saw the Companions of Muhammad (going about) saying, 'By God, Uthman has done well! By God, Uthman has done well!" [33]

Another esteemed Companion Musab ibn Sad ibn Abi Waqqas said: "I saw the people assemble in large number at Uthman's burning of the prescribed copies (of the Quran), and they were all pleased with his action; not a one spoke out against him". [34]

Ali ibn Abu Talib, the cousin of the Prophet and the fourth successor to the Prophet commented: "If I were in command in place of Uthman, I would have done the same". [35]

Of the copies made by Uthman, two still exist to our day. One is in the city of Tashkent, (Uzbekistan) and the second one is in Istanbul (Turkey). Below is a brief account of both these copies:

1. The copy which Uthman sent to Madina was reportedly removed by the Turkish authorities to Istanbul, from where it came to Berlin during World War I. The Treaty of Versailles, which concluded World War I, contains the following clause:

'Article 246: Within six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, Germany will restore to His Majesty, King of Hedjaz, the original Koran of Caliph Othman, which was removed from Madina by the Turkish authorities and is stated to have been presented to the ex-Emperor William II". [36]

'This manuscript then reached Istanbul, but not Madina (Where it now resides)'. [37]

2. The second copy in existence is kept in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. 'It may be the Imam (master) manuscript or one of the other copies made at the time of Uthman'. [38]

It Came to Samarkand in 890 Hijra (1485) and remained there till 1868. Then it was taken to St.Petersburg by the Russians in 1869. It remained there till 1917. A Russian orientalist gave a detailed description of it, saying that many pages were damaged and some were missing. A facsimile, some 50 copies, of this mushaf (copy) was produced by S.Pisareff in 1905. A copy was sent to the Ottoman Sultan 'Abdul Hamid, to the Shah of Iran, to the Amir of Bukhara, to Afghanistan, to Fas and some important Muslim personalities. One copy is now in the Columbia University Library (U.S.A.). [39]

'The Manuscript was afterwards returned to its former place and reached Tashkent in 1924, where it has remained since'. [40]

Conclusion

'Two of the copies of the Qur'an which were originally prepared in the time of Caliph Uthman, are still available to us today and their text and arrangement can be compared, by anyone who cares to do, with any other copy of the Quran, be it in print or handwritten, from any place or period of time. They will be found identical'. [41]

It can now be proclaimed, through the evidences provided above, with full conviction and certainty that the Prophet memorized the entire Quran, had it written down in front of him through his scribes, many of his companions memorized the entire revelation and in turn possess their own private copies for recitation and contemplation. This process of dual preservation of the Quran in written and in the memory was carried in each subsequent generation till our time, without any deletion, interpolation or corruption of this Divine Book.

Sir Williams Muir states, " There is otherwise every security, internal and external, that we possess the text which Muhammad himself gave forth and used". [42]

Sir William Muir continues, "There is probably no other book in the world which has remained twelve centuries (now fourteen) with so pure a text". [43]

This divine protection provided to the Quran, the Last Reveled Guide to Humanity, is proclaimed by One God in the Quran:

'We* (Allah) have, without doubt, send down the Message; and We will assuredly Guard it (from corruption)' (Quran - Chapter 15, Verse 9).
*('We' is the plural of Majesty, and not the Christian plural of trinity)

Compare this divine and historical preservation of the Quran with any literature, be it religious or secular and it becomes evident that none possess similar miraculous protection. And as states earlier, a belief is as authentic as the authenticity of its scripture. And if any scripture is not preserved, how can we be certain that the belief arising out of this scripture is divine or man made, and if we are not sure about the belief itself, then our salvation in the hereafter would be jeopardized.

Thus this above evidence for the protection of the Quran from any corruption is a strong hint about its divine origin. We request all open hearted persons to read, understand and live the Quran, the 'Manual for Mankind'.
Notes

1. Michael Zwettler, The Oral Tradition of Classical Arabic Poetry, p.14. Ohio State Press: 1978.

2. Transmitted by Ibn Abbas, collected in Sahih Al-Bukhari, 6.519, translated by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan.

3. Transmitted by Abu Hurayrah, collected in Sahih Al-Bukhari, 6.520, translated by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan.

4. Transmitted by Uthman bin Affan, collected in Sahih Bukhari, 6.546, translated by Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan.

5. Jalal al-Din Suyuti, 'Al-Itqan fi-ulum al-Quran, Vol. I, p. 124.

6. Ibn Hisham, Sira al-nabi, Cairo, n.d., Vol.I, p. 206.

7. Al-Bukhari, 6.106.

8. Al-Bukhari, 6.201.

9. Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, tr. Bernard Weiss, M.A.Rauf, and Morroe Berger, The Darwon Press, Princton, New Jersey, 1975, pg. 58.

10. Ibn al Jazari, Kitab al-Nash fi al-Qir'at al-Ashr, Cairo, al-Halabi, n.d._ vol. 2, p. 254; also Ahmad Makki al-Ansari, al-Difa' 'An al-Qur'an. Cairo, Dar al-Ma'arif, 1973 C.E., part I, p. 120.

11. Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, tr. Bernard Weiss, M.A.Rauf, and Morroe Berger, The Darwon Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1975, pg. 59.

12. John Burton, An Introduction to the Hadith, Edinburgh University Press: 1994, p. 27.

13. Kenneth Cragg, The Mind of the Qur'an, George Allah Unwin: 1973, p.26.

14. Tirmidhi, Mishkat al-Masabih, No. 5823.

15. Al-Bukhari, 6.512.

16. Suyuti, Itqan, I, p. 99.

17. M. M. Azami, Kuttab al-Nabi, Beirut, 1974.

18. Muslim, III, No. 4606; also 4607, 4608; Bukhari, 4.233.

19. Ibn Hisham, Sira al-nabi, p. 651.

20. Suyuti, Itqan, I, p. 62.

21. Ibn Abi Dawud, Masahif, p. 14.

22. Bayard Dodge, The fihrist of al-Nadim: A Tenth Century Survey of Muslim Culture, New York, 1970, pp. 53-63.

23. Imam Malik, Muwatta, tr. M. Rahimuddin, Lahore, 1980, no.307, 308.

24. Bukhari, 6.201.

25. Labib as-Said, The Recited Koran, tr. Bernard Weiss, et al., 1975, p. 21.

26. Ibn Hajar, Fath, Vol. IX, p. 10.

27. ibid., p. 11.

28. Bukhari, 6.201.

29. Bukhari, 6.510.

30. Ibn Hajar, Bath, IX, p. 15.

31. Suyuti, Itqan, Vol.I, p. 59.

32. ibid., p. 59.

33. Naysaburi, al-Nizam al-Din al-Hasan ibn Muhammad, Ghara'ib al-Quran wa-ragha'ib al-furqan, 4 vols., to date. Cairo, 1962.

34. Ibn Abi Dawud, p. 12.

35. Zarkashi, al-Badr al-Din, Al-Burhan fi-ulum al-Quran, Cairo, 1957, vol. I, p. 240.

36. Fred L. Israel, Major Peace Treaties of Modern History, New York, Chelsea House Pub., Vol. II, p. 1418.

37. Makhdum, op.cit., 1938, p. 19.

38. Ahmad Von Denffer, Ulum Al-Qur'an, revised ed., Islamic Foundation, 1994, p. 63.

39. The Muslim World, vol. 30 (1940), pp. 357-8.

40. Ahmad von Denffer, Ulum Al-Quran, revised ed., Islamic Foundation, 1994, p. 63.

41. ibid., p. 64.

42. Sir Williams Muir, Life of Mohamet, vol.1, Introduction.

43. ibid.

Collected by
Shobuz Bhai

January 1 TCP IP

Wed, 02 Jan 2008 00:58:00 EST

1/1: On this day in history, transmission control protocol...

Did you know? TCP/IP is the basis of almost all Internet communication, and it was adopted by ARPANET on January 1. ARPANET was the ancestor of the modern Internet.

Congratulations Technophiles, Digg is the first page when clicking on Google.
Since the Internet is just a series of smaller networks, which are just series of computers, all the computers need to speak the same protocol (think of it as a language). This is where IP comes in:

IP

IP ensures that packets are routed to the right place. You can think of a packet as a package of information, and on this package IP holds information about the address and sender (note: your IP address, a number that identifies your computer online is contained in the IP portion of the packet).

When you visit "bangla.com" you ask bangla's servers (computers) to show you its login page. However, your request must typically travel through 10 network nodes (routers) or more before finally reaching the facebook servers.

TCP

is a "protocol" built on top of IP (every TCP/IP packet has an IP portion). TCP's entire job is ensuring that the connection occurs in an organized matter. To understand TCP's purpose, let's reconsider the package analogy. Say you have to send a script over the "normal" snail mail, and for whatever reason you have to send it in 2 separate packages. This occurs in TCP/IP all the time. So, it's up to the receiver to arrange the individual packages into one whole package. TCP/IP connections have been handled with TCP/IP handshakes since January 1, 1983.

The TCP/IP Handshake
Take a look at the confetti at the bottom of the Google logo, "SYN SYN ACK ACK." is part of the "TCP/IP handshake." A handshake occurs at the start of a connection. The client computer (usually you) sends a "SYN" packet to another client or a server. The other computer responds with a "SYN" "ACK" packet, acknowledging the connection request. Finally, the original computer sends an "ACK" packet, finalizing the handshake and setting up a connection.

More Details ; http://www.microsoft.com/technet/technetmag/issues/2005/05/HowITWorksTCPIP/default.aspx

January 1, 83 TCP/IP

This article gives a more in-depth look at what TCP/IP is. It was established as an ARPANET standard on January 1, 1983.

IP - is responsible for moving packet of data from node to node. IP forwards
each packet based on a four byte destination address (the IP number). The
Internet authorities assign ranges of numbers to different organizations.
The
organizations assign groups of their numbers to departments. IP operates
on
gateway machines that move data from department to organization to region
and
then around the world.
TCP - is responsible for verifying the
correct
delivery of data from client to server. Data can be lost in the
intermediate
network. TCP adds support to detect errors or lost data and to
trigger
retransmission until the data is correctly and completely received.
Sockets
- is a name given to the package of subroutines that provide
access to TCP/IP on
most systems.

(Yale.edu)

There are many layers built ontop of TCP/IP. And another protocol called UDP, which is predominatly used in games and other networking situations where low-latency is required is completely different.

The major layers on top of TCP/IP are:

HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (for requesting webpages)

FTP: File Transfer Protocol (for uploading files to websites)

SMTP and POP3: For sending (SMTP) and receiving (POP3) e-mail

IRC: For chatting online

There are also many-non standard protocols built on top of TCP/IP. For instance, AOL Instant Messenger uses a third-party protocol to transfer chat messages between clients!

Collected By

Shobuz Bhai

Sanjeeb Chowdhury / Sanjib Da

Mon, 24 Dec 2007 21:25:00 EST

Collected By

Shobuz Bhai

A Last Warning on Global Warming

Sat, 17 Nov 2007 16:51:00 EST

The language of science, like that of the United Nations, is by nature cautious and measured. That makes the dire tone of the just-released final report from the fourth assessment of the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a network of thousands of international scientists, all the more striking. Global warming is "unequivocal." Climate change will bring "abrupt and irreversible changes." The report, a synthesis for politicians culled from three other IPCC panels convened throughout the year, read like what it is: a final warning to humanity. "Today the world's scientists have spoken clearly, and with one voice," said U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon, who attended the publication of the report in Valencia, Spain. Climate change "is the defining challenge of our age."

The work of the IPCC, which was co-awarded the Nobel Peace Prize last month with Al Gore, underscores just how momentous that challenge will be. The report predicted that at a warming trend of 3.6 degrees Farenheit — now considered almost unavoidable, due to the greenhouse gases already emitted into the atmosphere — could put up to 30% of species on the planet at risk for extinction. A warming trend of 3 degrees would puts millions of human beings at risk from flooding, wetlands would be lost and there would be a massive die-off of sea corals. Sea levels would rise by 28 to 43 cm, and most frightening of all, the report acknowledged the possibility that the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, which would release enough fresh water to swamp coastal cities, could occur over centuries, rather than millennia. "If you add to this the melting of some of the ice bodies on Earth, this gives a picture of the kinds of issues we are likely to face," said Rajendra Pachauri, the IPCC's chairman.

As if the potential consequences of climate change weren't scary enough, the IPCC emphasized just how little time we have left to try to change the future. The panel reported that the world would have to reverse the rapid growth of greenhouse gases by 2015 to avert the worst consequences. The clock was running. "What we will do in the next two, three years will determine our future," said Pachauri. "This is the defining challenge."

That puts the pressure on the world's leaders to finally do something about global warming. They'll have their last, best chance next month, when energy ministers from around the world travel to Bali, Indonesia, for the annual meeting of the U.N.'s Framework on Climate Convention. There policymakers will begin attempting to negotiate a successor to the Kyoto Protocol, which expires in 2012. "The breakthrough needed in Bali is for a comprehensive climate deal that all nations can embrace," said Ban.

All the nations in the world will play a role in those negotiations, but their success and failure will come down to two countries: the U.S. and China. If the world's two biggest carbon emitters can agree to cap their greenhouse gas emissions — neither signed on for limits under Kyoto — we may stand a chance of averting the grimmest consequences of climate change. If they fail, then the IPCC has already written our future. We'll find out in Bali.

By
BRYAN WALSH

Collected By

Shobuz Bhai

Help this 3 years old child Prapti

Wed, 07 Nov 2007 20:36:00 EST

Dear All ,

Hello from saRia.

Here you can see the picture of my one and only Niece .

Her name is Nashita Afsara Prapti , Age � 2 years 11 months.

She is the only child and only happiness in our family. She came in this earth with the blessings of Almighty and brought lot of happiness to us. But this happiness didn�t sustain for long. Only during her two years of age she started suffering from Leukemia , one kind of blood cancer. All our smile backed off !!!!!!

Doctor said it can be cured 80% to 90% after proper treatment of three years as her condition is still under control and the cancer is in primary stage.

But the treatment in too expensive for us to bear for long three years.

Those who knows me or known by me pls pls come forward to save this little angel. I , on behalf of my family is begging your kind support to save this child. As still we have hope about her recovery.

If I know and by known1000 people and if they donate only $10 each then it would be $10,000 and we will able to save our ANGEL and bring our smile back.

Will u be that one ?

If NO then pls at least pray for her and if Yes then u can send your help in the below address :

Home Address :

SARIA TASNIM

91 , WEST KAFRUL

2ND FLOOR

MOLLAH PARA , TALTOLA BAZAR

DHAKA,BANGLADESH

TEL : 88 02 9139583 (Resident)

88 02 7171346 ( Office)

88 0173018293 (Mob)

Passport No . N0502047

Bank Address :

SARIA TASNIM

A/C # 4950

WEST KAFRUL BRANCH

JANATA BANK

DHAKA , BANGLADESH

We all will die one day but its painful to see the death of a little ANGEL.

Pls save her life . Those who are Muslims you are requested to donate even from their ZAKAT fund.

Yours truly,

saRia

Details with All medical repots can be find in this link

http://www.somewhereinblog.net/blog/omipialblog/8763

Vatican welcomes Muslim peace initiative

Fri, 12 Oct 2007 20:24:00 EDT

VATICAN CITY (Reuters) - The top Vatican official in charge of relations with Islam on Friday welcomed an unprecedented call from 138 Muslim scholars for peace and understanding between their religions.

Cardinal Jean-Louis Tauran told Vatican Radio he found the letter, released on Thursday, "very interesting," in part because it was signed by both Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims and made numerous references to the Old and New Testaments.

The letter, addressed to Pope Benedict and other prominent Christian leaders, said finding common ground between the world's major faiths had to go beyond polite dialogue because "the very survival of the world itself is perhaps at stake".

Tauran, a Frenchman who heads the Vatican's department for inter-religious dialogue, said he welcomed the fact that the letter was "not polemical" and called for a spiritual approach to inter-religious dialogue.

Such a joint letter was unprecedented in Islam, which has no central authority that speaks on behalf of all worshippers.

The list of signatories includes senior figures throughout the Middle East, Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. They represent Sunni, Shi'ite and Sufi schools of Islam.

Relations between Muslims and Christians have been strained as al Qaeda has struck around the world and as the United States and other Western countries intervened in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Pope Benedict sparked Muslim protests last year with a speech hinting Islam was violent and irrational. It prompted 38 Muslim scholars to write a letter challenging his view of Islam and accepting his call for serious Christian-Muslim dialogue.

Benedict repeatedly expressed regret for the reaction to the speech, but stopped short of a clear apology sought by Muslims.

Collected by

M.S.A. Shobuz

The Islamic Calendar

Wed, 10 Oct 2007 10:33:00 EDT

The Islamic Calendar, is as old as Islam (Submission). It dates back to the oldest known civilization. God in the Quran tells us that, our religion, Islam (Submission in English), is the oldest and same religion known to mankind. All God's prophets and messengers came with the same message of submission (Islam), to submit to the One and only God.

"The only religion approved by God is 'Submission' (Islam in Arabic), those who received the scripture are the ones who dispute this fact, despite the knowledge they have received, due to jealousy. For such rejecters of God's revelation, God is most strict in reckoning." 3:19

Adam, the first submitter, being the first human being, was ordered to submit to the One and only God, and when he sinned, the Most Merciful gave him the key for repentance. Reviewing the history of calendars show that when God created the universe, He created the Lunar and Solar calendar.

"The count of months, as far as God is concerned, is twelve. This has been God's law since the day He created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are sacred....." 9:36

The first chapter of the Bible, "the Story of Creation" states, "Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and for years." (Genesis i. 14)

God used the word "Month" 12 times throughout the whole Quran and the word "Day" 365 times throughout the whole Quran. The relationship here to the solar year is not a coincidence. In Chapter (Sura) 18, in the story of the people of the cave (the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus), God informs us that they stayed in their cave three hundred years, increased by nine(18:25). It turns out to be that three hundred solar years are equal to 309 lunar years, thus emphasizing the direct link between the solar and lunar calendars.

The calculation for the Lunar year is emphasized in the Quran.

[10:5] He is the One who rendered the sun radiant, and the moon a light, and He designed its phases that you may learn to count the years and to calculate. GOD did not create all this, except for a specific purpose. He explains the revelations for people who know.

The calculation for the Solar year is emphasized in the following verse.

[17:12] We rendered the night and the day two signs. We made the night dark, and the day lighted, that you may seek provisions from your Lord therein. This also establishes for you a timing system, and the means of calculation. We thus explain everything in detail.

The day and night are the result of the movement of the sun as we know.

HISTORICAL REVIEW

Historians have been talking about the calendars as a creation of man, completely ignoring the reasons behind the perfect system in the sky that enabled man to mark his days, weeks, months and years. They missed the fact that the calendars are a deliberate design of the One and Only Creator, God Almighty, the Most Gracious, the Omniscient, the Cognizant.

Throughout the existence of mankind, people have been aware of the special rhythms of the sun and the moon. The rudiments of a calendar system may have been constructed as long ago as 2000 BC, when stone alignments were used, it is believed, to determine the length of the solar year by marking the progress of the Sun along the horizon. Centuries after the Quran came with the notion that the sun and the moon are moving in a measurable orbit , did the astronomer Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) came up with the idea that , the sun stood still, and the earth was one of a group of heavenly bodies moving around it, and that as the earth moved in a measurable orbit around the sun and the moon traveled around the earth in its own measurable path. See Quran, 55:5, 36:38-39, 10:5, 31:29 and 39:5.

Centuries before the Quran, Meton of Athens (5th century BC) calculated the 19-year "Metonic cycle." Meton calculated that 19 solar years corresponded to a lunar cycle. The calculation of the birth of a new moon has been available to us humans since that time.

ANCIENT CALENDARS

The ancient Sumerians devised the first known lunar calendar about 5,000 years ago.
The Moon's phases occur over an easily observed interval, the month. Religious authorities declared a month to have begun when they first saw the new crescent Moon. During
cloudy weather, when it was impossible to see the Moon, the beginning of the month was determined by calculation.

The interval from new moon to new moon, called a synodic month, is about 29.53 days. Hence, calendar months contained either 29 or 30 days. Twelve lunar months, which total 354.36 days, form a lunar year, almost 11 days shorter than a typical (solar) year.

Later Babylonians divided months into weeks and a week into 7 days. The Jews, once captive in Babylonia, used the Babylonian 7-day week, as did the sun-worshipping Egyptians, who developed a 52 week solar calendar based on the 7-day week.

A lunar year is not suitable for agricultural purposes. To keep in step with the Sun,
lunar-solar calendars were formed by adding an additional (leap) month when the observation of crops made it seem necessary. Hundreds of such calendars, with variations, were formed at various times in such different areas as Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, India, and China.

Romans, during the late republic, used various lunar-solar calendars. These calendars were supposedly based only on observation, but in fact they were influenced by political considerations. The Roman calendar was in error by several months during the reign of Julius Caesar, who recognized the need for a stable, predictable calendar and formed one with the help of an astronomer, Sosigenes. The year 46 BC was given 445 days, to compensate for past errors, and every common year thereafter was to have 365 days. Every fourth year, starting with 45 BC, was to be designated a leap year of 366 days, during which February, which commonly had 28 days, was extended by one day. The rule was not correctly applied, but the calendar was corrected by Augustus Caesar by AD 8.

GREGORIAN CALENDAR

The Julian leap-year rule created 3 leap years too many in every period of 385 years. As a result, the actual occurrence of the equinoxes and solstices drifted away from their assigned calendar dates. As the date of the spring equinox determines that of Easter, the church was concerned, and Pope Gregory XIII introduced what is now called the Gregorian calendar. Wednesday, Oct. 4, 1582 (Julian), was followed by Thursday, Oct. 15, 1582 (Gregorian); leap years occur in years exactly divisible by four, except that years ending in 00 must be divisible by 400 to be leap years. Thus, 1600, 1984, and 2000 are leap years, but 1800 and 1900 are not.

The Gregorian civil calendar is a solar calendar, calculated without reference to the Moon. However, the Gregorian calendar also includes rules for determining the date of Easter and other religious holidays, which are based on both the Sun and the Moon. The Gregorian calendar was quickly adopted by Roman Catholic countries. Other countries adopted it later, sometimes choosing only the civil part. It was not adopted by the Soviet Union until 1918; Turkey did not adopt it until 1927.

YEAR BEGINNING

The year used to begin at different times in different localities. The Roman year began in March. December, whose name is derived from the Latin word for "ten," was the tenth month of the year. In 153 BC, Roman consuls began taking office on January 1, which became the beginning of the year. This practice was retained in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, although other starting dates continued to be used; England and its colonies, for example, used March 25 and the Julian reckoning until 1752. Thus, George Washington was officially born on Feb. 11, 1731, Old Style (O.S.); this is Feb. 22, 1732, Gregorian, or New Style (N.S.).

WEEK

The Babylonians used a non astronomical, 7-day interval, the week, which was adopted by the Jews. The seventh day, the Sabbath, was given a religious significance. Independently, the Romans associated a cycle of 7 days with the Sun, the Moon, and the five known planets. Their names became attached to the days of the week: Sunday (dies solis, "Sun's day"), Monday (dies lunae, "Moon's day"), and Saturday (dies Saturni, "Saturn's day") retain their names derived directly from the Roman culture, and Tuesday ("Tiw's day"), Wednesday ("Woden's day"), Thursday ("Thor's day"), and Friday ("Frigg's day") are derived from the Germanic equivalents of Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and Venus, respectively.

YEAR

In ancient calendars, years were generally numbered according to the year of a ruler's reign. About AD 525, a monk named Dionysius Exiguus suggested that years be counted from the birth of Christ, which was designated AD (anno Domini, "the year of the Lord") 1. This proposal came to be adopted throughout Christendom during the next 500 years.

The year before AD 1 is designated 1 BC (before Christ). Dionysius had referred the year of Christ's birth to other eras. Modern chronology, however, places the event at about 4 BC. The 1st century of the Christian Era began in AD 1, the 2d in AD 101; the 21st will begin in 2001.

THE HEBREW CALENDAR

The Hebrew calendar in use today begins at the Creation, which the Jewish scholars calculated to have occurred 3,760 years before the Christian era. The week consists of 7 days, beginning with Saturday, the Sabbath; the year consists of 12 lunar months--Tishri, Heshvan, Kislav, Tebet, Shebat, Adar, Nisan, Iyar, Sivan, Tammuz, Ab, and Elul--which are alternately 29 and 30 days long. Because a year is some 11 days longer than 12 lunar months, a 13th month ve-Adar, is added seven times during every 19-year cycle

THE ISLAMIC CALENDAR (HIJRA CALENDAR)

The Islamic Calendar began at the day and year (July 16, 622, by the Gregorian calendar) when the Prophet Muhammad emigrated from Mecca to Medina. There are 12 lunar months of alternate 30 and 29 days, making the year 354 days long. The months are Muharram, Safar, Rabi I, Rabi II, Jumada I, Jumada II, Rajab, Shaban, Ramadan, Shawwal, Zulkadah, and Zulhijjah.
The Islamic calendar divides times into cycles 30 years long. During each cycle, 19 years have the regular 354 days, and 11 years have an extra day each. Notice that number 19 is mentioned in verse 30 in the Quran in Sura 74 (7+4=11), so 19, 30, 74 (7+4= 11) are all there in the solar system designed by the same God who put number 19 in verse 30 of sura 74. It is also interesting to know that the sun, the moon and the earth all align in the same relative position once every 19 years.

The Islamic day as we can now appreciate is the same day used by the oldest civilization, the same as the Hebrew day. It begins at sunset and ends at the next sunset. In the Story of Creation, in the Bible, it says :
"And there was evening and there was morning one day."

Evening marked the beginning of the new day.

In the Quran, God always mentions the night before the day.
"And He is the One who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon; each floating in its own orbit. " [21:33]

When God ordered us to fast Ramadan, He ordered us to eat and drink first until dawn then fast to the night. A great sign that Ramadan (and every lunar month) starts at night (sunset) and ends at night.

[2:187] ........... You may eat and drink until the white thread of light becomes distinguishable from the dark thread of night at dawn. Then, you shall fast until sunset. ..........

HOW TO CALCULATE THE NEW ISLAMIC MONTH

To calculate when a new lunar month begins we need to know two facts, the first is the exact time of the birth of the new moon, and the second fact is the exact time of the sunset of the same day. The new lunar month begins theoretically at the birth of the new moon, but begins practically at the first sunset to follow the birth of the new moon. God already gave us enough knowledge to calculate the beginning of the first day of Ramadan for the next hundreds of years. Sighting of the moon, to determine the new Islamic month, is an invention by the scholars that they took after the Jewish Rabbis who insist on sighting of the moon for their Jewish Lunar months. Sighting of the moon is not in the Quran, but was a way of recognizing the beginning of the lunar month for those who lived in the desert and have no other means to recognize the beginning of the new month. God in the Quran reminds us that the phases of the moon are only a tool to calculate the calendar and the time for pilgrimage (Hajj), see 2:189. God never said in the Quran that sighting of the crescent moon is a requirement to determine the beginning of the new lunar month.

God is all Omniscient, Knower of everything, He knows that different generations will have different means of calculating the time of the birth of the new moon. Now, with all the knowledge we have, we cannot sit still knowing that the month has already started and wait for a scholar to go look for the crescent moon that may or may not be visible because of many factors, the most common of them is the weather condition. The believers believe God in His own book and realize that God meant it when He said that His book, the Quran, is complete, perfect and fully detailed. And that it has the details and explanations of everything we need for our salvation.

"The day will come when we will raise from every community a witness from among
them, and bring you as the witness of these people. We have revealed to you this
book to provide EXPLANATIONS FOR EVERYTHING, and guidance, and mercy and
good news for the submitters." 16:89

"In their history, there is a lesson for those who possess intelligence. This is not
fabricated Hadith; this (Quran) confirms all previous scriptures, provides the DETAILS
of EVERYTHING, and is a beacon and mercy for those who BELIEVE." 12:111

REFERENCES

#The Glorious Quran

#Mathematical Miracle of the Quran, An Appendix in the English Translation of the Quran by Dr. R. Khalifa

#The Bible

#Grolier Electronic Publishing, Encyclopedia:
Archer, Peter, The Christian Calendar and the
Gregorian Reform (1941); Asimov, Isaac, The Clock We Live On
(1963); Keane, Jerryl, Book of Calendars (1981); Michels, A.
K., The Calendar of the Roman Republic (1967; repr. 1978);
Monaco, James, The French Revolutionary Perpetual Calendar
(1982); Philips, Alexander, The Calendar: Its History,
Structure, and Improvement (1921); Schocken, W. A., Watkins,
Harold, Time Counts: The Story of the Calendar (1954).

ISLAM in Bible ( Fasting in the Bible )

Sat, 15 Sep 2007 10:49:00 EDT

Thomas McElwain
Chapter Seven. Fasting

After discussing prayer in the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus approaches fasting. Again, he warns of hypocrisy rather than giving the details of fasting. This is again because the details of fasting were already known. If alms are discussed in preparation for prayer, as representing purification, fasting is an appropriate subject to follow the subject of prayer. Fasting is almost always mentioned in the Bible along with special prayers of petition. Examples of such fasting are in the time of Esther (Esther 4:3 and 9:31), in the experience of Daniel (Daniel 6:18 and 9:3), and in the advice of Jesus (Matthew 17:21 and Mark 9:29). The words of David especially connect fasting with prayer of petition: "While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept: for I said, Who can tell whether God will be gracious to me, that the child may live? But now he is dead, wherefore should I fast? can I bring him back again?" 2 Samuel 12:22-23.

In this text we see that fasting appears in the Bible along with weeping. Dressing in sackcloth, sitting in ashes, and not wearing perfume are also mentioned (Nehemiah 9:1; 1Kings 21:27). Proclaiming a fast is often associated with a solemn assembly as well (Joel 1:14; 2:15 et al.). It appears that special months of fasting were instituted during the Babylonian captivity of Judah, probably in view of the crisis (Zechariah 8:19). "Thus saith the Lord of hosts; The fast of the fourth month, and the fast of the fifth, and the fast of the seventh, and the fast of the tenth, shall be to the house of Judah joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts; therefore love the truth and peace." This verse clearly suggests that these months of fasting would no longer be observed when the reason for their existence, the Babylonian captivity, disappeared.

But there is no specific legislation dealing with fasting. It is assumed in the Bible text that everyone already knows that fasting is a valid practice and how it should be done. This may indicate that some portions of the Torah have been lost, since legislation is assumed. In fact, the only fasting mentioned in the Torah or books of Moses is the forty-day fast of Moses (Exodus 34:28) "And he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water." From this we can see that the fast of the Bible is not a partial one as in Christianity, but complete: absolutely nothing can be eaten or drunk. From the fast of Moses, of Elijah (1Kings 19:8), and of Jesus (Matthew 4:2), we can see that on certain occasions a fast of forty days was required. The great length of this fast indicates that, since it is stated to be complete, it must have permitted some eating and drinking during the night.

Although many of the fasts mentioned in the Bible are certainly personal vows and not general practice, some general fasting practices are found. A specific fast day in mentioned in Jeremiah 36:6. "Therefore go thou, and read in the roll, which thou hast written from my mouth, the words of the Lord in the ears of the people in the Lord's house upon the fasting day: and also thou shalt read them in the ears of all Judah that come out of their cities." Here we find a definite practice of fasting. The following verses will show that this is not just a day of fasting, but precisely a month. More detail on this day of fasting is given in verse nine: "And it came to pass in the fifth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, in the ninth month, that they proclaimed a fast before the Lord to all the people in Jerusalem, and to all the people that came from the cities of Judah unto Jerusalem." This is not a special fast proclaimed by a religious ruler, because this particular king was wicked. Nevertheless, he did follow the formality of what was practiced: the month of fasting. The time given for this fasting is stated to be the ninth month.

The season of the fast in this particular year, thought by many scholars to be 604 B.C., is stated to be in the winter. Jeremiah 36:22, "Now the king sat in the winter house in the ninth month: and there was a fire on the hearth burning before him." Now the present Jewish calendar adds a thirteenth month from time to time to match the solar year, so that the ninth month of the civil year (used in the dates of kings' reigns) falls in May or June, summer in Palestine. If we project the lunar calendar presently used in the Middle East back in history, we find that the ninth month falls in November of the year 604 B.C. It appears that during Bible times a purely lunar calendar was used, and the ninth month was a month of fasting.

Bible fasting includes more than just not eating and drinking, however. Isaiah 58 is the great fasting chapter of the Bible. "Behold, in the day of your fast ye find pleasure, and exact all your labors. Behold, ye fast for strife and debate, and to smite with the fist of wickedness: ye shall not fast as ye do this day, to make your voice to be heard on high. Is it such a fast that I have chosen? a day for a man to afflict his soul? is it to bow down his head as a bulrush, and to spread sackcloth and ashes under him? wilt thou call this a fast, and an acceptable day to the Lord? Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke? Is it not to deal thy bread to the hungry, and that thou bring the poor that are cast out to thy house? when thou seest the naked, that thou cover him; and that thou hide not thyself from thine own flesh?" Isaiah 58:3-7. From this we see that fasting includes avoiding certain pleasures on one hand, and doing acts of charity and justice on the other. That is, there are some other pleasures besides food and drink that must be avoided. Also, the central meaning of the fast has to do with feeling for the hunger of the hungry and doing something to alleviate it. In addition, especially the practice of using sackcloth and ashes seems to be condemned. We find the same condemnation, because of its connection with hypocrisy, mentioned by Jesus in Matthew 6.

So we find fasting a basic, though unlegislated, practice throughout the Bible, from Moses to Peter and Paul (Acts 10:30; 14:23; 27:33; and 1Corinthians 7:5). In summary, we can say that Biblical fasting is the complete abstention from eating and drinking and some other pleasures during the daylight hours of the days of the ninth month of the lunar calendar. It includes acts of charity, alms and justice, and the especial avoidance of anger and quarreling.

Collected by
Shobuz Bhai

RAMADAN MUBARAK !!!

Wed, 12 Sep 2007 16:26:00 EDT

2:185] "Ramadan is the month during which the Quran was revealed, providing guidance for the people, clear teachings, and the statute book. Those of you who witness this month shall fast therein. Those who are ill or traveling may substitute the same number of other days. GOD wishes for you convenience, not hardship, that you may fulfill your obligations, and to glorify GOD for guiding you, and to express your appreciation."

Ramadan 2007

Ramadan will begin on September 12, 2007 for all of the United States, God willing. The last day of Ramadan will be October 11, 2007 for all of USA. To verify your city's first day of Ramadan, check on the time of the sunset and the time of the birth of the New Moon at the USA Naval Observatory. If the new moon is born before the sunset you will fast next morning for the first day of fasting. To convert the Universal time to your local time, please click here. Night of Destiny, starts at the sunset of October 7, 2007.

The Falsehood of Moon Sighting

God never commanded that the moon be sighted with the naked eyes to know the beginning of the new month. Quran is very clear that any method of calculation is acceptable. A search for Meton in any search engine or encyclopedia will demonstrate that man knew the birth of new moon by calculation since 5th century B.C. Certainly this information was available at the time of Muhammad and even Abraham, to whom all religious duties were revealed.

The sighting of the new moon is a fabrication of the scholars. The observer of Ramadan in the last few years can easily spot the abuse and lies used by some of the so called Islamic countries of the sighting method. Politics and personal desires replaced science and accurate calculations in determining the first day of Ramadan. Thank God Almighty, we can have our calendar as accurate as an atomic clock for the next several hundred years.
For more information see our file Islamic Calendar.

Quran Verses about Ramadan Fasting

[2:183] O you who believe, fasting is decreed for you, as it was decreed for those before you, that you may attain salvation.

2:183-187. Like all duties in Submission, fasting was decreed through Abraham
(22:78). Prior to revelation of the Quran, sexual intercourse was prohibited throughout the fasting period. This rule is modified in 2:187 to allow intercourse during the nights of Ramadan.

[2:184] Specific days (are designated for fasting); if one is ill or traveling, an equal number of other days may be substituted. Those who can fast, but with great difficulty, may substitute feeding one poor person for each day of breaking the fast. If one volunteers (more righteous works), it is better. But fasting is the best for you, if you only knew.

[2:185] Ramadan is the month during which the Quran was revealed, providing guidance for the people, clear teachings, and the statute book. Those of you who witness this month shall fast therein. Those who are ill or traveling may substitute the same number of other days. GOD wishes for you convenience, not hardship, that you may fulfill your obligations, and to glorify GOD for guiding you, and to express your appreciation.

[2:186] When My servants ask you about Me, I am always near. I answer their prayers when they pray to Me. The people shall respond to Me and believe in Me, in order to be guided.

[2:187] Permitted for you is sexual intercourse with your wives during the nights of fasting. They are the keepers of your secrets, and you are the keepers of their secrets. GOD knew that you used to betray your souls, and He has redeemed you, and has pardoned you. Henceforth, you may have intercourse with them, seeking what GOD has permitted for you. You may eat and drink until the white thread of light becomes distinguishable from the dark thread of night at dawn. Then, you shall fast until sunset. Sexual intercourse is prohibited if you decide to retreat to the Masjid (during the last ten days of Ramadan). These are GOD's laws; you shall not transgress
them. GOD thus clarifies His revelations for the people, that they may attain salvation.

The Meaning of Ramadan

Ramadan is a special month of the year for over one billion Muslims throughout the world. It is a time for inner reflection, devotion to God, and self-control. Muslims think of it as a kind of tune-up for their spiritual lives. There are as many meanings of Ramadan as there are Muslims.

The third "pillar" or religious obligation of Islam (submission in English), fasting has many special benefits. Among these, the most important is that it is a means of learning self-control. Due to the lack of preoccupation with the satisfaction of bodily appetites during the daylight hours of fasting, a measure of ascendancy is given to one's spiritual nature, which becomes a means of coming closer to God. Ramadan is also a time of intensive worship, reading of the Quran, giving charity, purifying one's behavior, and doing good deeds. For Muslims (Submitters), Ramadan is an opportunity to gain by giving up, to prosper by going without and to grow stronger by enduring weakness.

As a secondary goal, fasting is a way of experiencing hunger and developing sympathy for the less fortunate, and learning to thankfulness and appreciation for all of God's bounties. Fasting is also beneficial to the health and provides a break in the cycle of rigid habits or overindulgence.

Who Fasts in Ramadan?

Fasting in Ramadan is obligatory on those who can do it. . Sick people and some travelers in certain conditions are exempted from the fast but must make it up as they are able.

From Dawn to Sunset

The daily period of fasting starts at the breaking of dawn and ends at the setting of the sun. In between -- that is, during the dawn and daylight hours -- Muslims (Submitters) totally abstain from food, drink, smoking, and sex. The usual practice is to have a pre-fast meal (suhoor) before dawn and a post-fast meal (iftar) after sunset.

The Islamic lunar calendar, being 11 to 12 days shorter than the Gregorian calendar, migrates throughout the seasons. Thus, if Ramadan begins on January 20 one year, next year it will begin on January 9. In this way, the length of the day, and thus the fasting period, varies in length from place to place over the years. Every Muslim, no matter where he or she lives, will see an average Ramadan day of the approximately 13.5 hours.

Devotion to God

The last ten days of Ramadan are a time of special spiritual power as everyone tries to come closer to God through devotions and good deeds. The night on which the Quran was revealed to the Prophet, known as the Night of Power (Lailat ul-Qadr), is generally taken to be the 27th night of the month. The Quran states that this night is better than a thousand months. Therefore many Muslims (Submitters) spend the entire night in prayer.

During the month, Muslims (Submitters) try to read as much of the Quran as they can. Some spend part of their day listening to the recitation of the Quran in a mosque. meet for Quranic studies or for congregation prayers. Some spend the last ten days of Ramadan in a mosque devoting the whole ten days for worshipping God.

Better than a 1000 months

[97:1] We revealed it (Quran) in the Night of Destiny.
[97:2] How awesome is the Night of Destiny!
[97:3] The Night of Destiny is better than a thousand months.
[97:4] The angels and the Spirit descend therein, by their Lord's leave, to carry out every command.
[97:5] Peaceful it is until the advent of the dawn.

Some of My fav Music Videos

Fri, 25 May 2007 12:23:00 EDT

I don't want to close my eyes, I don't want to fall asleep,
Cause I miss you baby, And I don't want to miss a thing,
Cause even when I dream of you, the sweetest dream will never do,
I still miss you baby and I don't want to miss a thing
...and i don't want to miss a thing

Im all out of love, im so lost without you

Please Forgive me

Said I loved You, But i lied....

This ain't a love song

November Rain

Sweet child 'o mine

ALL for One and All for Love

I will be Missing you

I can't breathe easy
I can't dream yet another dream
Without you lying next to me
There's no air

It's only words

Quit Playing Games With My Heart

"Seasons In The Sun"

Nirvana -smells like teen spirit

Cranberries - Dreams

September ends

Revisiting 9/11 Failures | Senators are renewing calls for the declassification of a CIA report documenting the agency’s mistakes in preventing the 2001 attacks

Wed, 23 May 2007 21:13:00 EDT

The Senate Intelligence Committee and the CIA may be headed for a new confrontation over an old issue: why an internal report documenting the agency’s failures in the run up to the September 11 terror attacks is still being withheld from the public.

The report, prepared by the CIA’s inspector general, is the only major 9/11 government review that has still not been made publicly available.
When it was completed in August 2005, NEWSWEEK and other publications reported that it contained sharp criticisms of former CIA director George Tenet and other top agency officials for failing to address the threat posed by Al Qaeda, as well as other mistakes that might have prevented the attacks.
In a letter sent just this week, three panel members—including Intelligence Committee chairman Sen. Jay Rockefeller and ranking Republican Christopher Bond—revived the issue and asked that an executive summary of the report be declassified “without delay” and released to the public.
The letter was addressed to outgoing Director of National Intelligence John Negroponte, but Oregon’s Democratic Sen. Ron Wyden—who has made the issue a personal crusade—said he intends to press the new DNI designate, J. Michael McConnell, on the matter at his confirmation hearings Thursday.
And, Wyden added, he doesn’t intend to stop until the report gets released.
“I’m going to bulldog this until it gets out,” Wyden told NEWSWEEK. “The bottom line is that this is an extraordinary important perspective on one of the defining events of the country’s history. I do not believe there is a national-security case for keeping this under wraps.”
Wyden added that if McConnell doesn’t reverse the decision made by Negroponte in refusing to declassify the report, he intends to use admittedly cumbersome intel-committee procedures to try to force the release of at least some of the inspector general’s findings. One concern, he said, is that “a desire for political security” is influencing the Bush administration’s refusal to greenlight the release of the document.
While Bush administration officials are hardly eager for a public rehash of the 9/11 intelligence failures, the issue is an especially sensitive one at CIA headquarters.
The inspector general’s report is believed to have documented multiple faults by the agency’s leadership during both the Bush and Clinton years, painting a picture of an intelligence community (which was then overseen by Tenet) that never fully mobilized to deal with the Al Qaeda threat—in part because it was embroiled in internal conflicts and bureaucratic battles, according to current and former officials familiar with the document who asked not to be identified because it involves still-classified information.
Among the matters covered in the report, the officials said, was the CIA’s alleged failure to develop a strategic plan to go after Al Qaeda as well as the failure to resolve disputes about sharing National Security Agency intercepts of Al Qaeda leaders with other government agencies—another potentially sensitive matter because the NSA chief at the time is now CIA Director Michael Hayden.
In addition, the report provides the CIA’s own internal account of what some believe was the most spectacular of the pre-9/11 failures: the agency’s failure to alert the FBI and other U.S. government agencies to information showing that two of the hijackers had entered the United States as early as January 2000.
In their letter, Rockefeller, Bond and Wyden noted that a Justice Department inspector general report on the miscommunications between the FBI and the CIA over the two hijackers—Khalid Almihdhar and Nawaf Alhazmi—has long since been made publicly available. “There is no reason why that story, as told from the vantage point of the CIA inspector general, should not also be released,” they wrote.
What’s really behind the intelligence community’s refusal to release the report, the senators suspect, is a desire to protect the reputations of some of the main figures. Indeed, the committee staff late last year prepared its own redacted version of the inspector-general report’s findings, stripping out anything it viewed as relating to “sources and methods” or other national-security secrets. The panel then sent over a copy of its version of the report to Negroponte in hopes of getting it cleared for public release.
But Negroponte refused, insisting in a Nov. 13, 2006, letter that the committee’s version still contained sensitive national-security secrets. But the senators point out that he also gave another reason for refusing to clear the panel’s version: it would publicly identify current and former agency officials, some of them high profile, who had been faulted by the inspector general.
That remark especially bothered the senators. The fact that publication of even the redacted version would publicly identify officials who were being criticized “does not appear to be a valid basis for classification under current laws and executive orders,” the senators wrote in their letter, a copy of which was obtained by NEWSWEEK.
In fact, the committee version of the report did not actually name officials, like Tenet, who are criticized, but it did refer to them by title. In any case, the senators wrote in their letter, that worry could be addressed. “If you are concerned about damage to individuals’ reputations, we encourage you to permit them to release redacted versions of their respective responses to the report,” they wrote in a reference to the lengthy rebuttals prepared by Tenet and other officials faulted by the inspector general.
Whether the new letter will shift the administration’s position is still far from clear. A spokesman for Negroponte’s office declined to comment today. A CIA official, asked about the letter, referred a reporter to a Oct. 5, 2005, statement made by former CIA director Porter Goss when he decided not to release a version of the report or to accept the inspector general’s recommendation that an “accountability board” be convened to reprimand current and former officials whose actions were criticized.
Goss said then the report identified systemic problems within the CIA during a “snapshot in time,” and he saw no reason to single out any current or former individuals for punishment. “Singling out these individuals would send the wrong message to our junior officers about taking risks—whether it be an operation in the field or being assigned to a hot topic at headquarters,” he said. The CIA spokesman said that Hayden, the current CIA director, “supports the decisions that were made by then-director Goss on this matter.”
As for Tenet, the former official whose reputation is perhaps most at stake, he is currently finishing up his book, titled “At the Center of the Storm,” which he hopes to publish this spring. The book is expected to deal extensively with his own version of the 9/11 story, including his efforts to alert the Bush White House to the prospect of an attack in the summer of 2001. A spokesman for the former director declined any comment on the senators’ letter.

Collected By

M.S.A. Shobuz

Shobuz Bhai