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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 INTRODUCTION
\par }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
The Internet creates unlimited opportunities for commercial, social and educational activities, but as we can see with cybercrime, the net introduces its own peculiar risks. The convenience associated with IT and the Internet is now being exploited to ser
v
e criminal purposes. Cybercrime covers Internet fraud not just online 419 i.e. the use of computers and or the Internet to commit crimes. Computer-assisted crime includes e-mail scams, hacking, distribution of hostile software (viruses and worms), denial 
of service attacks, theft of data, extortion, fraud and impersonation. Cyber crime uses the unique features of the net-sending of e-mails in seconds, speedy publication or dissemination of information through the web to anyone on the planet. 
\par }{\insrsid789261    }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 Computer at
tacks can be generated by criminals from anywhere in the world, and executed in other areas, irrespective of geographic location and often these criminal activities can be faster, easier and more damaging with the use of the Internet. Since the loss suffe
red by consumers and investors creates serious credibility and image problems, many countries develop strategies for preventing, detecting and containing the threats associated with cybercrime. 
\par Cybercrimes can be divided into 3 major categories:}{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 1. Cybercrime against persons.
\par }{\insrsid15606336 2. Cybercrime}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336  against property.
\par }{\insrsid15606336 3. Cybercrime }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 against }{\insrsid15606336 the }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 government.
\par }{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid15606336 Cybercrime}{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336  against persons}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
: Cybercrimes committed against persons include various crimes like transmission of child-pornography, harassment of any one with the use 
of a computer such as e-mail. The trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material including pornography and indecent exposure, constitutes one of the most important Cybercrimes known today. The potential harm of such a crime to h
umanity can hardly be amplified. This is one Cybercrime which threatens to undermine the growth of the younger generation and also leave irreparable scars and injury on the younger generation, if not controlled.
\par }{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid15606336 Cybercrime}{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336  against property}{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 :}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336  The second cate
gory of Cyber-crimes is that of Cybercrimes against all forms of property. These crimes include computer vandalism i.e. destruction of others' property and }{\insrsid15606336\charrsid15606336 the transmission}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
 of harmful programmes.}{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid15606336 Cybercrime}{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336  against }{\b\ul\insrsid15606336 the }{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 government}{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 :}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
 The third category of cy
ber-crimes relate to Cybercrimes against government. Cyber terrorism is one distinct kind of crime in this category. The growth of internet has shown that the medium of Cyberspace is being used by individuals and groups to threaten the international gover
n
ments and cracking is amongst the greatest cyber-crimes known till date. It is a dreadful feeling to know that a stranger has broken into your computer systems without your knowledge and consent and has tampered with precious confidential data and informa
tion.
\par Coupled with this the actuality is that no computer system in the world is cracking proof. }{\insrsid15606336 
\par }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 It is unanimously agreed that any and every system in the world can be cracked. The recent denial of service attacks seen over the popular commercial sites lik
e E-bay, Yahoo, Amazon and others are a new category of cyber-crimes which are slowly emerging as being extremely dangerous }{\insrsid750829\charrsid15606336 and also}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336  to terrorize the citizens of a country. }{
\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par }{\b\insrsid789261 
\par }{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 WHAT IS CYBERCRIME
\par }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 This is a broad term that describes everything from electronic
 hacking to denial of service attacks that cause electronic commerce sites to lose money. This could mean criminal activity committed using a computer and the internet to steal a person's identity or sell contraband or stalk victims or disrupt operations 
with malevolent programs.
\par This is when a person knowingly causes the transmission of a program, information, code, or command, and as a result of such conduct, intentionally causes damage without authorization, to a protected computer.
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 CAUSES OF CYBERCRIME 
\par }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 Who are the main actors involved? Cyber caf\'e9s are not the only source of cyber crime.}{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 It is acknowledged that greed and unrealistic expectations are the major factors motivating most victims. Also, harsh economic climate, high unemployment, disregard for
 the rule of law and lack of transparency and accountability in governance are also causes of cybercrime}{\insrsid15606336\charrsid15606336 . \'93}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 If an offer is too good to be true, don't believe it\'94.
\par }{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par }{\b\insrsid15606336 HOW TO DETECT A CRIMINAL MAIL}{\b\insrsid16397025 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid750829 {\f36\fs16\insrsid750829  }{\insrsid750829\charrsid750829 There are five main e-mail threats which could be any of the following;
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\sb100\sa240\sbauto1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid750829 {\b\insrsid750829\charrsid750829 V}{\b\insrsid10094736 IRUSES:}{\insrsid10094736\charrsid10094736  These}{\b\insrsid10094736  }{
\insrsid10094736\charrsid750829 are}{\insrsid750829\charrsid750829 
 programs designed to replicate themselves and potentially cause harmful actions. They are often hidden inside innocuous programs. Viruses in e-mails often masquerade as games or pictures and use beguiling subject lines (e.g., "My girlfriend nude") to enc
ourage users to open and run them. Viruses try to replicate themselves by infecting other programs on your computer.
\par }{\b\insrsid750829\charrsid750829 W}{\b\insrsid10094736 ORMS: }{\insrsid10094736\charrsid10094736 These}{\b\insrsid10094736  }{\insrsid750829\charrsid750829 
are like viruses in that they try to replicate themselves, but they are often able to do so by sending out e-mails themselves rather than simply infecting programs on a single computer.
\par }{\b\insrsid10094736 TROJAN HORSES:}{\insrsid750829\charrsid750829  are malicious programs that pretend to be benign applic
ations. They don't replicate like viruses and worms but can still cause considerable harm. Often, viruses or worms are smuggled inside a Trojan horse.}{\insrsid750829 
\par }{\b\insrsid10094736\charrsid750829 S}{\b\insrsid10094736 PAM}{\b\insrsid10094736\charrsid10094736 :}{\insrsid10094736  This can also be called }{\insrsid750829\charrsid750829 unsolicited commercial e-mail, wastes bandwidth and time. The sheer volume 
of it can be overwhelming, and it can be a vehicle for viruses. Much of it is of an explicit sexual nature, which can create an oppressive working environment and, potentially, legal liabilities if companies do not take steps to stop it.}{\insrsid750829 

\par }{\b\insrsid750829\charrsid750829 H}{\b\insrsid10094736 OAX}{\insrsid750829\charrsid750829  }{\b\insrsid10094736\charrsid10094736 EMAILS:}{\insrsid10094736  These are emails }{\insrsid10094736\charrsid750829 such}{\insrsid750829\charrsid750829 
 as fake virus warnings, chain letters, or implausible free offers, waste readers' time. Hoax e-mails often contain viruses or Trojan horses.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\b\insrsid789261 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 HOW CAN CYBERCRIME BE ERADICATED
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 Education}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 : Prevention of cybercrime can be assisted through education. Training can increase awareness o}{\insrsid15606336 f the potential for cybercrime }{
\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 to occur, and effective measures of eliminating or reducing losses incurred from these crimes. It is interesting that there is quite a lot of talk about fighting cyber crime, but wh
at are the efforts? And how effective are they? Since there is an awareness of the menace it poses to society, what have been the sincere and meaningful efforts to fight cybercrime? Are the security agencies enlightened enough? 
\par }{\insrsid750829    }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 When you talk of efforts
, you have to ask again what have the security agencies done. How much has been invested in terms of time, education, personnel, etc? Are such efforts assessable or meaningful?}{\insrsid750829  }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
Fighting cybercrime requires not just IT knowledge but IT intelligence on the part of the security agencies. Shouting and moaning about cybercrime isn\rquote 
t enough. All the talk is meaningless unless the gap is closed. Security agencies need to be equipped with the skills, the knowledge and the insight necessary to fight cybercrime effectively.
\par }{\insrsid750829    }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
While resources are needed to fight the menace, it is imperative to avoid the misdirected approach of "throwing money" at the problem. Invest based on priorities and strategies. Such policies must be based on knowledge. Knowledge not just for th
e operatives, but also for those that will commit resources. For example, do the decision makers have any real practical appreciation of technology, not to talk of cybercrime? What is their take on the basics of information security in today's high-tech b
usiness environment?
\par  }{\insrsid750829   }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
Essentially cybercrime is an information and intelligence based activity. You cannot fight cybercrime with ignorance, strong directives or boastful talk. To fight cybercrime, those involved have to spend time to learn how cybercrime 
operates and then devise strategies to fight the menace and note that learning in IT is not one-off but lifelong. 
\par Fighting cybercrime requires a holistic approach, not just addressing the cyber caf\'e9s alone but stakeholders should be involved too. The secu
rity agencies should liaise with industry stakeholders. There is a need to create a security-aware culture involving the public, the ISPs, cyber caf\'e9
s, government, security agencies and Internet users. There must be education about the problems, risks and solutions. Existing and potential victims need to be considered too. 
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 Legislation}{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 :}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
 There is need for legislation and this is to keep pace with e-crime, especially as it becomes more prevalent and sophisticated. Apart from awareness and culture, security m
easures (technical and non technical) will need to be put in place and enforced, as part of the solutions. This might involve raising penalties and increasing the seriousness of e-offences. The right culture should create a high level of awareness amongst
 stakeholders
\par }{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid789261 
\par 
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\par 
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 Strategies}{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 :}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
 Also in terms of strategy, it is crucial to thoroughly address issues relating enforcement. Mishandling of enforcement can backfire. Enforcement can only work if it avoids harassment, abuse of privacy and extortion. Care mus
t be taken not to throw out the baby with the bath water.}{\insrsid789261  }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 Don't create a situation where genuine users of the Internet are frustrated out and unable to benefit from the Internet. 
\par }{\insrsid789261    }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 We cannot afford to live in the dinosaur age. In today\rquote s world, computing
 tools and the Internet are used to effectively promote social development and business growth. Strategies must strike a balance between security concerns and other developmental needs. Whatever strategy is adopted it should not be the \'93know-it-all\'94
 or \'93ram-it-down-their-throat\'94 approach. Solutions should be practical, cost-effective, acceptable and supported by all stakeholders. It is not enough to issue directives and orders. For the right culture to }{\insrsid750829\charrsid15606336 grow}{
\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336  all stakeholders must be involved in creating and accepting solution and to fight crime, you also need the cooperation of the community. 
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 Electronic Surveillance}{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 :}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336  There should be electronic surveillance which means investigators tracking down hac
kers in order to monitor a cracker as he breaks into a victim's computer system. The two basic laws governing real-time electronic surveillance in other criminal investigations also apply in this context, search warrants may be obtained to gain access to 
the premises where the cracker is believed to have evidence of the crime. Such evidence would include the computer used to commit the crime, as well as the software used to gain unauthorized access and other evidence of the crime.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 Analyzing Evidence}{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 :}{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336  There
 should also be analyzing evidence from a cracker's computer by the officials investigating the crime. A seized computer may be examined by a forensic computer examiner to determine what evidence of the crime exists on the computer.
\par Researchers must explor
e the problems in greater details to learn the origins, methods, and motivations of this growing criminal group. Decision-makers in business, government, and law enforcement must react to this emerging body of knowledge. They must develop policies, method
s, and regulations to detect incursions, investigate and prosecute the perpetrators, and prevent future crimes. In addition, Police Departments should immediately take steps to protect their own information systems from intrusions.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid3043884 
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\par }{\b\ul\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 CONCLUSION
\par }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
Internet provides anonymity and this is one of the reasons why criminals try to get away easily when caught and also give them a chance to commit the crime again. Therefore, we users should be careful. We should not disclose any personal information on th
e internet or use credit cards and if we find anything suspicious in e-mails or if the system is hacked, it should be immediately reported to the Police officials who investigate cyber-crimes rather than trying to fix the problem by ourselves.
\par Computer crim
e is a multi-billion dollar problem and the law enforcement must seek ways to keep the drawbacks from overshadowing the great promise of the computer age. Cybercrime is a menace that has to be tackled effectively not only by the official but also by the u
sers by co-operating with the law. 
\par 
\par }{\b\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par }{\insrsid16397025\charrsid15606336 
\par }{\b\insrsid789261\charrsid789261 REFERENCES}{\b\insrsid16397025 
\par }{\b\insrsid789261 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\insrsid789261 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-360\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\faauto\ls2\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15169899 {\insrsid789261 
Microsoft.com small business center; Introduction to criminal hacking, viruses and malicious activity
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\insrsid15169899 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\insrsid15169899 BBC News Website}{\insrsid789261 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\insrsid789261 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}The Nigerian village square}{\insrsid15169899  website. }{\insrsid789261 Fighting cybercrime in }{\insrsid15169899 Nigeria - an}{\insrsid3043884  article }{\insrsid789261 by Jide }
{\insrsid15169899 Awe (Tuesday, Nov}{\insrsid3043884  02}{\insrsid15169899 , 2004}{\insrsid3043884 )}{\insrsid789261\charrsid789261 
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