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{\*\generator Msftedit 5.41.15.1503;}\viewkind4\uc1\pard\keepn\sb100\sa100\lang1033\b\fs36 The international architectural competition the project of an apartment house 2005, Japan\f1\par
\pard\sb100\sa100\f0\fs24 Organizers - The National Conference Board, The 2005 World Sustainable Building Conference in Tokyo, Shinkenchiku-sha, Co., Ltd. Yoshioka Foundation at support of the Ministry of land tenure, an infrastructure and transport of Japan \b0\f1\par
\b\f0 The coordinator -\b0  Shuzo Murakami \f1\par
\f0 (Chair of The National Conference Board, SB05Tokyo and Professor of Keio University) \f1\par
\b\f0 Theme of competition - ACTION for SUSTAINABILITY (Action for stability)\b0\f1\par
\pard\lang1049\b\f2\fs20\par
\par
\lang1033\f0\fs24 THE DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT.\lang1049\f2\fs20\par
\f3\'cf\'ce\'d1\'c2\'c5\'d9\'c0\'c5\'d2\'d1\'df \lang1033\f0 TO THE RUSSIAN ARCHITECT, BOTANY, TO THE ECOLOGIST, THE INVENTOR, THE PLAYWRIGHT AND THE DIRECTOR\lang1049\i\f3\fs24  \lang1033\f0 TO LVOV N.\f4\u1040?\f0 .\lang1049\i0\f2\fs20\par
\pard\sb100\sa100\lang1033\b0\f0\fs28 " Was born,\f1\par
\f0 Has fallen in love, \f1\par
\f0 Married\f1\par
\f0 And veins while liked ".\f1\par
\pard\lang1049\b\f2\fs20\par
\pard\sb100\sa100\lang1033\i\f0\fs24\'ab... N.A.Lvov - the phenomenon exclusive for Russia of the end of XVIII century \f4\u1089?\u1074?\u1086?\u1077?\u1102?\f0  ability to respond to all possible \{probable\} requirements with which the country addressed to people of creativity: to scientists, poets, engineers, architects, gardeners, specialists in folklore, founders of books.\b0\i0\f1\par
\b\i\f0 N.A.Lvov - one could keep in the hands quickly developing culture of an epoch in all its \{her\} variety. "\b0\i0\f1\par
\pard\keepn\sb100\sa100\kerning36\b\f0\fs28 D.S.Lihachev \f1\fs48\par
\pard\kerning0\f0\fs36 THE PROJECT " AT HOME FOR THE LIFE "\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 SCHOOL - MASTERFUL THE\f4  \f0 FUTURE-ECOHOUSE\f1\par
\f0\fs28 The problem of Russia that all reforms go with top and any reform has not passed from below. And WHEN WILL FALL FROM ABOVE, WHAT REMAIN FROM us?\lang1049\b0\f2\fs24\par
\b\f3\fs32\'c4\'cd\'ca \lang1033\f0 and architecture of a variety of cities.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 Project ECOHOUSE is a smithy for manufacture of collapsible skeletons - springs with a covering from the ground and a sheet material (plywood, a roofing covering, a cardboard) accessible under the price and non-polluting on properties (for example vegetative textiles, straw, a cane, leaves) Collapsible skeletons are sent in places of manufacture (a spherical smithy) for reconstruction of shabby habitation and construction new, combined with local plants. Earthen houses - springs can be quickly mounted and dismounted among trees In the WOOD\f4  \lang1049\f3 .\lang1033\f4 T\lang1049\f3 hank\lang1033\f4  \f0 to high quality of manufacturing of connections of skeletons on the basis of structure DNA and durability of a spring wire, its \{her\} free transportation, rather high availability and low cost, houses -\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ef\'f0\'f3\'e6\'ed\'fb\lang1033\f4  \f0 are capable to sustain any ultimate loads. Houses of a spring are optimum in extreme conditions and provide safety at a tsunami,\f4  \f0 ,earthquake flooding, hurricanes and are fireproof. Such houses keep woods and wildlife.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 At an opportunity of fast training local residents, they will be capable to construct\f4  ECOHAUSE \f0 with the minimal waste products and influence on an environment.\f4  Sustainable buildings \f0 the project it is checked up on already realized miniprojects for people with the limited opportunities at support of the international funds and the organizations.\lang1049\b0\f2\fs24\par
\f3  \lang1033\f0 In progressive architecture of style\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 Hi-Tech\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 designs with natural, curvilinear outlines are frequently used. One of ways of creation of nonlinear architecture is use of coverings on the basis of mesh environments. The inventor of this kind of designs V.G.Shuhov. With the help of mesh environments it is possible to create in the minimal terms maximum\lang1049\f3  biomorphe \lang1033\f0 volume. They allow to build ecological and\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\b\f4\fs32 Sustainable\lang1049\b0\f3\fs24  \lang1033\f0 buildings. Grids formed \{educated\} by spirals have, at traditional decisions, some lacks. For example their manufacturing till now remains the extremely expensive and labour-consuming business. To solve these problems appeared possible \{probable\} if to use laws\lang1049\f3  morphogenesis \lang1033\f0 DNA.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 This century of cities begins twice more. Therefore it is necessary will learn to use natural systems maximum effectively. New safe kinds of energy and ways of construction are necessary. Today on one person 10 tons of building materials one year, and it are necessary much. More harmless methods of construction of buildings and cities are required. Approximately 50\f4  \f0 %\f4  \f0 of energy fall at buildings, 25\f4  \f0 %\f4  \f0 on transport, 25\f4  \f0 %\f4  \f0 on the industry and an agriculture, therefore so value of construction in ecological stabilization of a society is great. Many deserted buildings it is necessary will learn to use on new. Secondary use of buildings allows to keep energy and resources\f4  \lang1049\f3 .\'d1\lang1033\f4  \f0 the help of easy mesh environments, the internal space of the deserted buildings can be organized differently. Using mesh vaults and domes as easy coverings at a factory in city centre, it \{he\} can be transformed quickly and simply into business the center with\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e3\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e8\'ed\'ed\'e8\'f6\'e5\'e9\lang1033\f0 , restaurant and\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e0\'f0\'f2\'e3\'e0\'eb\'e5\'f0\'e5\'e5\'e9\lang1033\f0 . The combination new and old gives excellent \{different\} result. Ideas of use of buildings again should be pawned already at a stage of the project. Balanced development is a care not only of the future, but also of a historical heritage. The building should live for a long time and to be flexible\f4  \lang1049\f3 .\'d1\'eb\'ee\'e2\'ee\lang1033\f4  \f0 "flexible" it is necessary to take literally. The building of the future should be able, as an alive organism\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ef\'f0\'e8\'f1\'ef\'ee\'f1\'e0\'e1\'eb\'e8\'e2\'e0\'f2\'f1\'ff\lang1033\f4  \f0 to changes of loadings and functions. The author offers elastic - flexible designs of walls and overlappings \{blockings\}. Now in\f4  \f0 NASA\f4  \f0 project planes with flexible wings. \lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 On a way\f4  \lang1049\f3 studying\lang1033\f4  \f0 and copyings of the nature, on\f4  micro \f0 a level, for example viruses and bacteria, there is an opportunity to solve a problem of central connections forming grids and spirals from a wire or armatures for formation \{education\} of accessible, viable habitation from the ground.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 Style of the LIFE and quality of the LIFE will be consequence \{investigation\} of engineering calculation on the basis of studying the main molecule\f4\fs28  \f0 of a\f4  \f0 life.\f4\fs24  \f0 If the nature creates such variety of forms\f4\fs28  \f0 of a life\fs24 , using a minimum quantity of energy and the limited quantity \{amount\} of central communications \{connections\}, why these principles to not use at construction of inexpensive and safe buildings for\f4\fs28  \f0 a life\fs24 ?\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 Project\f4  \lang1049\f3\'dd\'ea\'ee\'e4\'ee\'ec\lang1033\f4  \f0 is a smithy of viable habitation from the ground. Collapsible skeletons are transported on sites in a wood or on a bog. On a place the round hole -\f4  \lang1049\f3 awakened\lang1033\f4  \f0 a bath -\f4  \lang1049\f3 heat-retaining\lang1033\f4  \f0 .\f4\u1042? \f0 to a hole earthen mix is dug out gets mixed up and spread on a spiral as\f4  \lang1049\f3 "\lang1033\f4 colobcov\lang1049\f3 "\lang1033\f4  \f0 around of a hole. In a hole the skeleton - spring from a wire with the fabric - timbering fixed from within is established spherical. With\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ef\'ee\'e4\'ec\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e5\'e9\lang1033\f4  \f0 from boards on a skeleton are stacked\f4  \lang1049\f3 "\lang1033\f4 colobci\lang1049\f3 "\lang1033\f4  \f0 forming on a spiral a monolithic environment for one day\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 For creation\f4  \lang1049\f3 experimentally\lang1033\f4  \f0 models of mesh environments on the basis of topology of central connections\f4  DNA \f0 it is not required the big floor spaces and capital investments. To make variants\f4  \lang1049\f3 experimentally\lang1033\f4  \f0 environments the small smithy with working space in diameter of 5 meters is required. Such workshop - for SCHOOL of REVIVAL\f4  \lang1049\f3 land surveying\lang1033\f4  \f0 of CONSTRUCTION it is offered to construct with use of a steel mesh skeleton, the ground and not removed timbering of a water-proof fabric and an external covering of polythene or\f4  \lang1049\f3 water-repellent\lang1033\f4  \f0 paints, or textiles with a polymeric covering, in Children's home a boarding school \u8470?4 in.\f4  PAVLOVSKE\f0 . There 3 pre-production models of environments in diameter of 3 meters are already made. Process of training for students of builders and pupils of children's home (basically teenagers with the limited opportunities) will consist of practice of manufacturing of environments as sculptures which then will be decorated with children's playgrounds in a court yard of children's home and to be used for mobile performances \{statements\} in ecological reserves, woods and parks.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\b\f0\fs32 The purpose of the project\b0\fs24 : the organization and creation of school on revival\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e7\'e5\'ec\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ed\'ee\'e3\'ee\lang1033\f4  \f0 constructions of viable habitation,\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ef\'f0\'e8\'e7\'e2\'ee\'e4\'f1\'f2\'e2\'ee\lang1033\f4  \f0 mesh environments on spiral technology. For realization of the project volunteers pupils of children's home and students the future builders will be involved. The school workshop of future\f4  ECOHOUSE \f0 is a unique opportunity for students and children from\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e4\'e5\'f2.\'e4\'ee\'ec\'e0\lang1033\f4  \f0 to receive useful skills for work on any construction, and in the future, to construct the\f4  \lang1049\f3\'fd\'ed\'e5\'f0\'e3\'ee\'fd\'f4\'f4\'e5\'ea\'f2\'e8\'e2\'ed\'fb\'e9\lang1033\f4  \f0 the house of the reinforced ground.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\b\f0\fs28 METHODS.\lang1049\b0\f2\fs24\par
\f3  \lang1033\f0 In the project of a mesh dome - workshop ECOHOUS provides that when become accessible solar\lang1049\f3  \'e1\'fb\'f2\'e0\'f0\'e5\'e8\lang1033\f0 ,\lang1049\f3  \'e2\'e5\'f2\'f0\'ee\'e3\'e5\'ed\'e5\'f0\'e0\'f2\'ee\'f0\'fb \lang1033\f0 and fuel elements, workshop\lang1049\f3  \'e1\'f3\'e4\'f3\'f8\'e5\'e3\'ee \lang1033\f0 it will be possible to reconstruct and ecologically to improve. Windows from polycarbonate in workshop it is projected inverted on the south what to provide a maximum of free-of-charge solar heat and light. On a covering the kapron grid for the twisted plants providing a feed \{meal\} by an insect -\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 is fixed, to bees, a shadow in the summer and light exposure in the winter\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4 .\lang1049\f3\'cc\'e0\'f1\'f2\'e5\'f0\'f1\'ea\'e0\'ff \'e3\'e5\'f0\'ec\'e5\'f2\'e8\'f7\'e5\'ed\'e0 \lang1033\f0 outside and is equipped with compulsory ventilation inside through tiled to bakee systems of architect\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4 N.A.LVOVA\f0 .\lang1049\f3  \'c1\'eb\'e0\'e3\'ee\'e4\'ee\'f0\'ff \lang1033\f0 high durability of a collapsible skeleton from a spring wire in diameter of 4 mm., the awning is stacked on a skeleton\lang1049\f3  water-repellent \lang1033\f0 fabrics atop of which plastic round bricks\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4 "\lang1049\f3\'ea\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e1\'ea\'e8" \lang1033\f0 are stacked. In addition after drying the workshop from within is sheathed by sheets of water-resistant plywood, a paper,\lang1049\b\f3  \lang1033\f0 the wall-paper\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 embroidered\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 with a multi-coloured wool on\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 straw.\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 Outside textiles with a polymeric covering or\lang1049\f3  \'ef\'ee\'fd\'eb\'e8\'f2\'e8\'eb\'e5\'ed\'ee\'ec \lang1033\f0 on the painted surface of the reinforced ground.\lang1049\b0\f3  \lang1033\f0 For heating a warm floor from\lang1049\f3  \'ec\'e5\'f2\'e0\'eb\'eb\'ee-plastic \lang1033\f0 water pipes, the grounds and boards on which heating goes only 10 percent \{interests\} from necessary for heating a usual house in the masterful winter are stipulated. Outflow of heat in workshop is come to naught.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 Frequently we count, that cares of an environment expensively, realization of the offered \{suggested\} project will allow to prove the opposite. Project\f4  \lang1049\f3\'c5cohouse\lang1033\f4  \f0 is care of the future generations and an opportunity of construction \b\f4\fs32 Sustainable\b0\fs24   \f0 and safe buildings of any form in any place of a planet the GROUND.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 Introduction of spiral technology is offered from the complex interdisciplinary approach to popularization of mesh designs. For example.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 Performances \{Statements\}\f4\fs28  \f0 ECOTEHEATR " the Small Native land "\f4\fs24  \f0 in the city of Gatchina, in park, at the only thing in the world of a building from the ground Priorat of architect N.A.Lvova. Together with children - actors of theatre we shall go by a minibus on museums and reserves of Leningrad region with the purpose\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ef\'f0\'e8\'e2\'eb\'e5\'f7\lang1033\f4  \f0 attention of a society to problems of INTRODUCTION NON-POLLUTING AND\f4  \lang1049\f3\'dd\'cd\'c5\'d0\'c3\'ce\'d1\'c1\'c5\'d0\'c5\'c3\'c0\'de\'d9\'c8\'d5\lang1033\f4  \f0 TECHNOLOGIES of CONSTRUCTION of SOCIAL HABITATION FROM the REINFORCED GROUND\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 For popularization of the offered \{suggested\} project of REVIVAL of School -\f4  workshops - smithies\f0 , it is planned to ship collapsible mesh designs in a minibus and open-air, under music, in dance of rotation, quickly to mount model of a house of the future and around of him \{it\}, models of metal trees, hothouses, hotbeds,\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ef\'e5\'f0\'e3\'ee\'eb\lang1033\f0 , arches, lanes, revolving objects, a swing and spatial grids - sculptures for twisted plants. In these garden scenery children will dance in grids with dolls under author's music and words from A.S.Pushkina's poem " Ruslan and Lyudmila ".\lang1049\f2\par
\f3\fs28  \lang1033\f0 Mesh environments are made on spiral technology of a spring wire of 2-5 mm., without welding and drilling, without noise and waste products, on a sample\lang1049\f3  \'ed\'e0\'e2\'e8\'e2\'ea\'e8 \lang1033\f0 DNA\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 on\lang1049\f3  \'ed\'f3\'ea\'eb\'e5\'ee\'f2\'e8\'e4\'fb\lang1033\f0 .\lang1049\f2\fs24\par
\lang1033\b\f0 TERMS of realization of the project.\lang1049\b0\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 The project will consist of three stages,\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 1 - a stage purchase of materials - 2 months.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 2 - a stage calculation and manufacturing of environments - 7 months. \lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 3 - a stage carrying out of performances \{statements\}, filming of videofilm and\f4  \lang1049\f3\'f1\'eb\'e0\'e9\'e4\'f8\'ee\'f3\lang1033\f4  \f0 under music with the author's text about the project - 3 months. \lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 TOTAL-1 year.\lang1049\f2\par
\par
\lang1033\f0 ABOUT THE INVENTOR, THE MANAGER OF THE PROJECT.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f4\fs28 SHEVNIN\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 JURY VASILYEVICH inventor\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4 SPIRALS\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 of the "KNOW-HOW"\lang1049\f3\fs24  \lang1033\f0 of mesh environments on the basis of topology of a structure of molecule\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4 DNA\f0 . In 1991\f4\u1075?.\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 has finished\lang1049\f3  \'d1\'e0\'ed\'ea\'f2 \lang1033\f0 Petersburg State architecturally building university and has received the copyright certificate on the invention of " the Collapsible skeleton of a mesh environment of rotation " \u8470?1747619\lang1049\f3  \'c01\lang1033\f0 ,\lang1049\f3  \'c5 \lang1033\f0 04 B 1/343.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 With 1992 on 1998 studies wildlife in a microscope and improves the spiral "know-how" of mesh environments.\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 In 1999 "\f4\fs28  \f0 the THEATRE of the PETRUSHCI ",\f4\fs24  \f0 the information on theatre on a site GIF.RU has created\lang1049\f2\par
\f3  \lang1033\f0 ART of RUSSIA, at support of fund SOROS (PETERSBURG.) In 2003 at support of fund of SOROS (MOSCOW) has carried out the project "\lang1049\f3\fs28  \lang1033\f0 SPHERE of the WORLD "\lang1049\f3\fs24  \lang1033\f0 for children with the limited opportunities in children's home of \u8470?4 cities of Pavlovska\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4 .\lang1049\f3\'cf\'f0\'e8 \lang1033\f0 to support the SQUANDERER of the United Nations has organized performances \{statements\} of mobile theatre with the program against xenofobia, violence and conflicts, in the markets of Saint Petersburg and on the international CINEMA festival " PURE \{CLEAN\} DREAMS "\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4 .\lang1049\f3\'c2 \'ed\'e0\'f1\'f2\'ee\'ff\'f8\'e5\'e5 \lang1033\f0 time\lang1049\f3\fs28  \lang1033\f0 " the SMALL NATIVE LAND "\lang1049\f3\fs24  \lang1033\f0 prepares for the program for realization of project\lang1049\f3\fs28  \lang1033\f0 ECOTHEATRA\lang1049\f3\fs24  \lang1033\f0 at support of the international fund of D.S.Lihacheva. The presentation of the project has taken place at international festival " City of the Childhood " 2004\f4\u1075?\f0 .\lang1049\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 About works and researches of the author of the project is present more than 10 publications and reportings in mass-media, for example in magazine INTERBIZNES \u8470? 56, news of TV.\lang1049\f2\par
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\lang1033\f0 For the information \{inquiry\}.\lang1049\f2\par
\pard\sb100\sa100\b\f3\fs28  \lang1033\f0 Architect\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 N.\f4\u1040?.\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 Lvov\lang1049\b0\f3\fs24  \lang1033\f0 understood, that without taking into account features and riches of\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4\u1087?\u1088?\u1080?\u1088?\u1086?\u1076?\u1085?\u1086?-resource\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 local\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 potential positive development\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 of the country is impossible. It \{he\}\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 has stated the sight: -\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4\u1072?)\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 on change of manpower resources (brought to a focus to importance of increase of qualitative characteristics of a genofund - moral improvement, it is professional - qualifying growth, maintenance of the country with reliable personnel structure of domestic experts, etc.);\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4\u1073?)\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 emphasized special importance in conditions of Russia of the account of climatic resources and their territorial distinctions in the extensive country on the area (all this has found reflection in his \{its\} projects, practical works);\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4\u1074?)\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 proved necessity of the account of water resources and hydro-geological conditions for economic activities, the reasonable and careful attitude \{relation\} to them (all experience of his \{its\} building activity testifies to it);\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4\u1075?)\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 called for the rational attitude \{relation\} and preservation of biological resources and, first of all, woods;\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4\u1076?)\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 proved high security resources of bowels of the country, its \{her\} riches various fuel and a\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4\u1084?\u1080?\u1085?\u1077?\u1088?\u1072?\u1083?\u1100?\u1085?\u1086?-source \f0 of raw materials, and also resources balneological, mineral and medical waters, sources. It \{he\} to some extent, but has by all means brought in the positive contribution to rational use and protection of the named natural resources from an extensive set in\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f4\u1087?\u1088?\u1080?\u1088?\u1086?\u1076?\u1085?\u1086?-resource\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 potential of Russia.\f1\par
\f0 At that time over the fuel and energy balance of Russia was dominated sharply with fire wood and imported road, mainly, the English coal. The need \{requirement\} for them in process of development of economy - year from one year increased,\b\fs28  and it meant data of woods\b0\fs24  and not quite reasonable use of national financial assets.\f1\par
\f4  \f0 With enthusiasm inherent in it \{him\}, aspiring to keep the Russian woods from cutting down, and country log huts from pernicious fires,\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ee\'ef\'f3\'f1\'f2\'ee\'f8\'e0\'e2\'f8\'e8\'f5 \lang1033\f0 the whole provinces,\f4  N\lang1049\f3 .\'c0\lang1033\f0 . Lvov began to stand up for erection of houses from nonflammable materials. Not being the pathbreaker of technology of earthen construction, it \{he\} was passionate both its \{her\} convinced supporter and the propagandist. Having prepared a management \{manual\} for peasants how to build a log hut of the ground, with a view of universal distribution of unprecedented constructions in Russia " from the kneaded \{eaten greedily\} ground ", it \{he\} has achieved in 1797 from Paul's I government of establishment " School of an earthen beaten structure " for maintenance to countrymen of healthy, safe, strong and cheap dwellings.\f1\par
\f0 The technics \{technical equipment\} \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  constructions was various, and in each separate case various ways that has found reflection in building \f4 PRIORATA\f0  were applied. Walls of it \{him\} are made monolithic by pressing, or as then were expressed, "stuffings" of the ground in special wooden portable machine tools - timberings. For durability each layer of the ground was moistened with thickness of 5-6 centimeters dissolved in water \f4\u1080?\u1079?\u1074?\u1077?\u1089?\u1090?\u1100?\u1102?\f0 . In process of drying the wall became strong as a stone, and was not afraid of fire. Between the first and the second floors the belt \{zone\} where wooden beams of overlappings \{blockings\} fastened, has been made not "stuffed", and combined from a usual brick; above again there were monolithic walls, Under the certificate of Lvov " a fencing and two bewitching boxes for dwelling of the gatekeeper employees.. .. Are constructed from the quadrangular earthen blocks which have been brought down in the machine tool during bad weather and \f4\u1080?\u1079?\u1074?\u1077?\u1089?\u1090?\u1100?\u1102?\f0  within the precincts of connected ". In the same 1798 internal painting and decorating which were tightened \{delayed\} till 1799 have begun.\f1\par
\f4\u1055?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1072?\u1090? \f0 should serve some kind of an indicative building which could draw attention of the government and consequently, distribution among wide layers of such population of the structures which are not demanding neither a tree, nor a stone " and safe in the fire attitude \{relation\}, intending mainly for "\f4\fs28  \lang1049\f3\'e4\'ee\'f1\'f2\'e0\'e2\'eb\'e5\'ed\'e8\'ff\lang1033\f4  \f0 to countrymen of healthy, safe, strong and cheap dwellings\f4\fs24  \f0 would facilitate "\fs28 , and also " for the savings of woods Russian ".\f4\fs24  \f0 However\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e7\'e5\'ec\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ed\'e0\'ff \lang1033\f0 the technics \{technical equipment\} of construction has not received distribution, and today\f4  PRIORAT\lang1049\f3  \lang1033\f0 the palace in Gatchina is unique construction in the world of such type.\f1\par
\f0 1795 -\fs28  " Russian \f4\u1055?\u1080?\u1088?\u1086?\u1089?\u1090?\u1072?\u1090?\u1080?\u1082?\u1072?\f0 , or the Use of tested already air furnaces and fireplaces, by means of \f4\u1082?\u1086?\u1080?\u1093?\f0 : 1. The room is heated up by external air. 2. Fire wood are observed. 3. \f4\u1055?\u1077?\u1088?\u1077?\u1084?\u1077?\u1085?\u1103?\u1077?\u1090?\u1089?\u1103?\f0  in apartments harmful air on fresh, but warm. 4. \f4\u1054?\u1090?\u1074?\u1088?\u1072?\u1097?\u1072?\u1077?\u1090?\u1089?\u1103?\f0  a smoke and, at last, 5. Employees " are delivered different \f4\u1091?\u1076?\u1086?\u1073?\u1085?\u1086?\u1089?\u1090?\u1080?\f0  to pleasure of a life and health.\f1\par
\f0\fs24 In Paul's I board near to \f4\u1055?\u1072?\u1074?\u1083?\u1086?\u1074?\u1089?\u1082?\u1072?\f0  in \f4\u1058?\u1103?\u1088?\u1083?\u1077?\u1074?\u1077?\f0  it has been created and the School of practical agriculture (to it \{her\} archpriest A.A.Samborsky supervised) worked. \f4 N.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov as the member of Expedition \{Dispatch\} of a state farm made the program of work of this school.\f1\par
\f0 In 1797. \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov has achieved at emperor Paul I creation of professional school of builders under his \{its\} management \{manual\}. The nominal Decree about establishment for the state account of School \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  constructions in Nikolsky - \f4\u1063?\u1077?\u1088?\u1077?\u1085?\u1095?\u1080?\u1094?\u1072?\u1093?\f0  - possession \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0  has left. Lvov.\f1\par
\f0 N.A.Lvov watched closely successes of the pupils which number has sharply grown with creation in Nikolsky - \f4\u1063?\u1077?\u1088?\u1077?\u1085?\u1095?\u1080?\u1094?\u1072?\u1093?\f0  " Schools \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  constructions ", and then its \{her\} expansion (1799) - Creation actually branch near Moscow on the grounds once belonging to Simonov to a monastery, in \f4\u1058?\u1102?\u1092?\u1077?\u1083?\u1103?\u1093?\f0  - on " \f4\u1058?\u1102?\u1092?\u1077?\u1083?\u1077?\u1074?\u1086?\u1081?\f0  to a summer residence ". It \{he\} watched \{kept up\} successes of each their pupils, thought of the most expedient use of their abilities and the knowledge received from him \{it\}. Governors directed annually to it \{him\} young peasants from settlements of state department, pupils to it \{him\} landowners who wanted to have professional builders (all graduates also sent received the special certificate and a rank of the jury master). \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov wrote to governors and landowners about each of the sent pupils, and them at him \{it\} was already much. It is possible to judge character of such characteristics, for example, under his \{its\} letters with the similar maintenance \{contents\} to N.P.Sheremetev's column. In total for years of work the School (1796 - 1802) has prepared 815 experts (masters and \f4\u1087?\u1086?\u1076?\u1084?\u1072?\u1089?\u1090?\u1077?\u1088?\u1100?\u1077?\u1074?\f0 ) from 48 provinces of Russia. \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov learned \{taught\} the pupils not only to erect \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1077?\f0  structures, but also to build roads, bridges, underground waterpipes for drainage of district, to put furnaces and to much to another.\f1\par
\f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov searched capable people everywhere, hastened to transfer them the experience and knowledge, patronized them, for him \{it\} there was no difference - there were it free people or serfs. His \{its\} pupils in " to School\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e7\'e5\'ec\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ed\'ee\'e3\'ee \lang1033\f0 constructions ", mainly, were serf people. But to learn building business it was easier, than painting or music where the given natural gift is necessary special the God.\f1\par
\f0 Besides \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov has offered an original variant of illumination of a temple. Remembering about \f4\u1090?\u1077?\u1089?\u1085?\u1077?\u1081?\u1096?\u1077?\u1081?\f0  communications \{connections\} of architecture and the nature and necessity of the account of a severe Russian climate, it \{he\} has transformed Italian dome traditionally open in the sky in closed double (so-called "Lvov") a dome in which the aperture of the first dome is covered with the second arch with the sky drawn on it \{him\} and clouds. It turned out, that at a double dome, the round aperture in top of the bottom dome opened in top \f4\u1087?\u1086?\u1076?\u1082?\u1091?\u1087?\u1086?\u1083?\u1100?\u1085?\u1086?\u1077?\f0  space where there were 12 round windows of the top dome invisible from within. There was an impression, that in any weather and a season light flows in a temple from the open sky. One of important architectural - art finds \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov there was an advantageous system of illumination of a temple at erection in it \{him\} of a double dome. So in 1780. \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov\b  the first in Russia\b0  realized idea of a double dome at erection of buildings.\f1\par
\f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov possessed magnificent knowledge of a rural life and experience of rural construction. Created\f4  \lang1049\f3\'f3\'f1\'e0\'e4\'e5\'e1\'ed\'fb\'e5 \lang1033\f0 complexes were by all means planned by him \{it\} in view of features of district; constructions have always been rationally arranged, designs possessed the engineering innovations connected to a local building material and with use of experience of the past; architectural forms reflected deep knowledge of the European classics and new style tendencies of Russian palace construction, in particular\f4  \lang1049\f3\'cf\'e0\'e2\'eb\'ee\'e2\'f1\'ea\'e0\lang1033\f0 .\f1\par
\f0 The furnace\f4  \f0 in the house was\f4  \f0 some kind of\f4  \f0 the conditioner: through outlets in an external wall of a house the fresh air which is taking place through a coil\f4  \f0 of the furnace\f4  \f0 acted, it \{he\} was heated up, then on the channel acted in special vases which stood near to\f4  \f0 the furnace, filled with pink water or others\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e0\'f0\'ee\'ec\'e0\'f2\'e8\'e7\'e0\'f2\'ee\'f0\'e0\'ec\'e8\lang1033\f0 . Then through lattices of vases warm, fresh, a pleasant smell air acted in rooms. Also for convenience of life\f4  \lang1049\f3\'cd.\'c0\lang1033\f0 . Lvov has invented " steam kitchen \{cuisine\} " in which pairs cooked a meal, washed utensils, rotated a spit. \f1\par
\f4  \f0 Even wall-paper were unusual. Wife\f4  N\lang1049\f3 .\'c0\lang1033\f0 . Lvov, was big\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e2\'fb\'e4\'f3\'ec\'f9\'e8\'f6\'e5\'e9 \lang1033\f0 and the skilled worker in domestic affairs, she \{it\} created the special wall-paper embroidered with a multi-coloured wool on straw.\f1\par
\f4\u1058?\u1077?\u1088?\u1088?\u1072?\u1089?\u1085?\u1099?\u1081? \f0 the ledge connected a number \{line\} of architecturally original constructions: a pyramid - cellar, a smithy, key\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ea\'ee\'eb\'ee\'e4\'e5\'f6\lang1033\f0 , warehouse, industrial buildings.\f1\par
\f0 The essence of the technology offered \{suggested\} to him \{it\} \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  constructions is those: the ground strewed in wooden boxes and densely her \{it\} rammed, then impregnated with a dense limy solution and when the ground dried up walls of boxes removed. The dense building block or the big earthen brick which was estimated as a base element at construction turned out.\f1\par
\f0 In beginning \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov started to build \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1077?\f0  constructions in manor \lang1049\f5 "\'cd\'e8\'ea\'ee\'eb\'fc\'f1\'ea\'ee\'e5-\'d7\'e5\'f0\'e5\'ed\'f7\'e8\'f6\'fb"\lang1033\f0 . With A.A.Bezbordko's help it \{he\} managed to interest emperor Paul I erection \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1093?\f0  constructions. In 1797 the nominal\fs28  Decree about establishment " Schools \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  constructions "\fs24  in " Nikolsky - \f4\u1063?\u1077?\u1088?\u1077?\u1085?\u1095?\u1080?\u1094?\u1072?\u1093? \f0 " has left. Its \{her\} pupils were considered on the state training. \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov became director of this School.\f1\par
\f0 In 1797. \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . To Lvov in Moscow in Simonov's area of a monastery and a large village have welcome a small site of the ground. Under name \f4\u1058?\u1102?\u1093?\u1086?\u1083?\u1100?\u1089?\u1082?\u1080?\u1077?\f0  state mowings with wood both arable \f4\u1091?\u1075?\u1086?\u1076?\u1100?\u1103?\u1084?\u1080?\f0  and waters have given the Earth \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . To Lvov in compensation of charges in Moscow some kind of branch and skilled range " Schools \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  constructions " (working in his \{its\} manor \lang1049\f5 "\'cd\'e8\'ea\'ee\'eb\'fc\'f1\'ea\'ee\'e5-\'d7\'e5\'f0\'e5\'ed\'f7\'e8\'f6\'fb"\lang1033\f0 ). This Earth gave it \{him\} also for propagation \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1093?\f0  structures, it \{he\} should erect on it \{her\} and erected exemplary \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1077?\f0  structures from own materials. Since 1799 the main experimental platform in Russia on erection \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1093?\f0  structures became these grounds N.A. Lvov, known as a place - \f4\u1058?\u1102?\u1092?\u1077?\u1083?\u1077?\u1074?\u1072?\f0  a summer residence. A little \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1093?\f0  structures it was kept there prior to the beginning of 1930th. In 1931 in connection with expansion of an automobile factory have demolished 3 latest \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1077?\f0  the small houses erected there N.A.Lvovym.\f1\par
\f0 In 1798 in Moscow have started to build a barracks on technology \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  constructions on the parties \{sides\} of the Moscow railway. It was a complex of two-storeyed capacious buildings for soldiers, officers, services and stables. Construction of this barracks have finished in 1800.\f1\par
\f0 Emperor Paul I has involved \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov to work in \f4\u1055?\u1072?\u1074?\u1083?\u1086?\u1074?\u1089?\u1082?\u1077?\f0 . The architect managed to strengthen even more interest of emperor to \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1084?\u1091?\f0  to construction. \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . To Lvov have charged to erect skilled \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1091?\u1102?\f0  a log hut on new technology in \f4\u1055?\u1072?\u1074?\u1083?\u1086?\u1074?\u1089?\u1082?\u1077?\f0 , then - the house in village Arapakasi about Gatchina, and then - concerning big \f4\u1055?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1072?\u1090?\u1089?\u1082?\u1080?\u1081?\f0  a palace in Gatchina loved \{liked\} of a country residence of Paul I. Construction of this palace was is familiar especially respect of the architect on the part of emperor. (Paul I in 1798 has accepted a title of the chapter \{head\} - the grand master, or the Great Master, John Ierusalimskogo's spiritual knightly award, and year earlier it \{he\} has ratified in Russia " great \f4\u1087?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1089?\u1090?\u1074?\u1086?\f0  " awards of the Maltese knights).\f1\par
\f0 At construction \f4\u1055?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1072?\u1090?\u1089?\u1082?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  of a palace it \{he\} has constructed the powerful base and \f4\u1075?\u1080?\u1076?\u1088?\u1086?\u1080?\u1079?\u1086?\u1083?\u1080?\u1088?\u1086?\u1074?\u1072?\u1083?\f0  earthen walls. His \{its\} foes spoke, that the big structure from the ground, and erected on marshy bog will soon collapsed, and \f4\u1055?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1072?\u1090?\f0  was well kept up to now. Emperor Paul I has accepted constructed on technologies \f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov \f4\u1055?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1072?\u1090?\u1089?\u1082?\u1080?\u1081?\f0  the palace, has thanked the architect for work, has been adjusted to introduce widely technology \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  constructions in the Russian practice. \f1\par
\f4\u1053?.\u1040?\f0 . Lvov understood perspectivity\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e7\'e5\'ec\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ed\'ee\'e3\'ee \lang1033\f0 constructions that it is impossible to tell about the majority\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ee\'ea\'f0\'f3\'e6\'e0\'e5\'f9\'e8\'f5 \lang1033\f0 his \{its\} people. Officials, landowners, the townspeople, peasants with suspicion concerned to new technology of creation of constructions. Many did not trust in reliability and durability\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e7\'e5\'ec\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ed\'fb\'f5 \lang1033\f0 structures. For the same reason there was no big, growing number of pupils in " to School\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e7\'e5\'ec\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ed\'ee\'e3\'ee \lang1033\f0 constructions ". But while she \{it\} worked - in 1797 - 1802 she \{it\} has let out \{has released\} 815 masters and\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ef\'ee\'e4\'ec\'e0\'f1\'f2\'e5\'f0\'fc\'e5\'e2\lang1033\f0 , arrived of 48 provinces of Russia. On the average every year at School studied 160 - 170 person, in the basic of the serf people sent from different parts of the country. So\f4  \lang1049\f3\'cd.\'c0\lang1033\f0 . Lvov not only\b\f4  \f0 in Russia\b0\f4  \f0 has offered\b\f4  \f0 the first\b0\f4  \f0 reception\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e7\'e5\'ec\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ed\'ee\'e3\'ee \lang1033\f0 constructions, but also\b\f4  \f0 the first\b0\f4  \f0 has created School and has prepared the professional experts first in the country on\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e7\'e5\'ec\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ed\'ee\'ec\'f3 \lang1033\f0 to construction.\f1\par
\cf1\ul\b\f0 major@mos.ru <mailto:major@mos.ru> \cf0\ulnone\b0\f1\par
\f0 N.A.Lvov has picked up such structure \f4\u1075?\u1088?\u1091?\u1085?\u1090?\u1086?\u1084?\u1072?\u1089?\u1089?\u1099?\f0 , that on durability she \{it\} to this day competes to ferro-concrete. Structure of this \f4\u1075?\u1088?\u1091?\u1085?\u1090?\u1086?\u1084?\u1072?\u1089?\u1089?\u1099?\f0  in percentage on volume: gravel \f4\u1082?\u1088?\u1091?\u1087?\u1085?\u1086?\u1089?\u1090?\u1100?\u1102?\f0  from 3 up to 7 mm - 4; sand - 58; a dust (the fine ground) - 20; clay - 18. Organic impurity were not added. Durability \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1072?\f0  at Lvov in 20-30 years after erection of a building has made 10-12 \f4\u1052?\u1055?\u1072?\f0  though cement \f4\u1075?\u1088?\u1091?\u1085?\u1090?\u1086?\u1084?\u1072?\u1089?\u1089?\u1099?\f0  was not entered into structure.\f1\par
\f0 Coming back to the construction - \f4\u1055?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1072?\u1090?\u1089?\u1082?\u1086?\u1084?\u1091?\f0  to a palace, we shall note, that a building of a palace two-storeyed, on the base from \f4\u1073?\u1091?\u1090?\u1086?\u1074?\u1086?\u1081?\f0  plates. Depth \f4\u1079?\u1072?\u1083?\u1086?\u1078?\u1077?\u1085?\u1080?\u1103?\f0  the base of 2 m.\f1\par
\f0 Walls \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1077?\f0 , rammed in a mobile timbering. \f4\u1058?\u1088?\u1072?\u1084?\u1073?\u1086?\u1074?\u1072?\u1085?\u1080?\u1077?\f0  walls it is made by layers, thickness of 5-6 sm, with introduction between layers of the ground of layers of a limy solution, thickness up to 6 mm. Height of walls about 8,5 m. Thickness of walls at a level of a window sill of 1 floor - 78 sm, at a level of a window sill of 2-nd floor - 62 see.\f1\par
\f4  \f0 Lvov did not begin to plaster a wall of a palace. So they have stood till 1887, and only then them have plastered. Plaster is made on a shingle,\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ef\'f0\'e8\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ee\'e9 \lang1033\f0 to earthen walls big\f4  \lang1049\f3\'ea\'ee\'e2\'e0\'ed\'fb\'ec\'e8 \lang1033\f0 by nails. The fencing and two boxes at a gate are constructed from\f4  \lang1049\f3\'e7\'e5\'ec\'eb\'e5\'e1\'e8\'f2\'ed\'ee\'e3\'ee \lang1033\f0 a brick, the size 15\lang1049\f5\'f530\lang1033\f4  \f0 see. And walls of a fencing are combined, as is usual on to exhaust.\f1\par
\f0 Architect N.A.Lvova had also others, less well-known, constructions from the ground. For example, structures are known, and these are two buildings (one two-storeyed, another one-storeyed), in former \f4\u1057?\u1080?\u1084?\u1086?\u1085?\u1086?\u1074?\u1086?\u1081?\f0  to a large village which in 30th years of the twentieth century have been still manned. These buildings have been destroyed at construction of shops\fs28  of the Moscow factory of midget cars\fs24  later.\f1\par
\f0 By the way, recycling of earthen constructions at them \f4\u1089?\u1085?\u1086?\u1089?\u1077?\f0  does not represent the big problem. From the ground was born, in the ground and has left. Construction begins in winter months from strengthening a snow on a skeleton and comes to an end in the summer. Manufacture of wire skeletons for all country can be begun with car factory.\f1\par
\f0 In Russia the enthusiast of earthen construction was not only N.A.Lvov. One of \f4\u1103?\u1088?\u1099?\u1093?\f0  supporters of earthen constructions\fs28  the French inventor director of an experimental farm of the Society of rural owners of southern Russia IZNAR\fs24  was. It \{he\} has invented in 1833 the device ("shell") for manufacturing \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  a stone in forms. By means of this device it \{he\} has built on an experimental farm of a society about Odessa a lot of constructions: apartment houses, stables, sheds, farmyards and so forth. In 1837. \f4\u1048?\u1079?\u1085?\u1072?\u1088?\f0  had in Odessa two houses, and one of them has been built from \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1093?\f0  the stones made on the same device. This house was the two-storeyed size 19\lang1049\f5\'f58,5\lang1033\f0  in m.\f1\par
\f0\fs28 "Shell" IZNAR represented ordinary \f4\u1082?\u1086?\u1087?\u1105?\u1088?\f0 . Several impacts of the woman in weight of 150 kg made necessary condensation of the ground in the form then the form was released \{exempted\} from a ready stone, and it \{he\} was exposed to drying. The sizes of a stone the mm, weight - made 180\lang1049\f5\'f5180\'f5360\lang1033\f0  22 kg, volumetric average density - 1860 kg / m3.\f1\par
\f0 Productivity of last model of the installation created \f4\u1048?\u1079?\u1085?\u1072?\u1088?\u1086?\u1084?\f0 , reached 400 stones within the ten-hour working day at three serving installation.\f1\par
\f0\fs24 Quality of constructions \f4\u1048?\u1079?\u1085?\u1072?\u1088?\u1072?\f0  combined from \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1075?\u1086?\f0  of a stone on clay, on responses of the several commissions, was more than well. Some endurances \{quotations\} from these responses:\f1\par
\f0\'ab \'85 on cheapness and durabilities the mentioned stone can with \f4\u1074?\u1099?\u1075?\u1086?\u1076?\u1086?\u1102?\f0  replace an ordinary natural stone \'85 \'bb, \'ab \'85 the brick receives such hardness and density in all parts, that it \{he\} can be equaled with a local Odessa stone \'85 \'bb, \'ab \'85 both houses constructed on an experimental farm from these bricks, represent all conditions of durability which only it is possible to wish, and that these buildings do not find out the slightest traces of dampness though they and are recently built \'85 \'bb, \'ab Nails, \f4\u1074?\u1082?\u1086?\u1083?\u1086?\u1095?\u1077?\u1085?\u1085?\u1099?\u1077?\f0  in a wall, kept in it \{her\} strong, and on wooden \f4\u1082?\u1086?\u1083?\u1100?\u1103?\u1093?\f0 , thrust in the same wall, hung \f4\u1082?\u1086?\u1085?\u1102?\u1096?\u1077?\u1085?\u1085?\u1099?\u1077?\f0  things, rather heavy, without any damage of a wall \'85 \'bb\f1\par
\f0 In 25 years from the moment of erection of constructions the Commission of the Society of rural owners of Southern Russia in 1858 after inspection of constructions \f4\u1048?\u1079?\u1085?\u1072?\u1088?\u1072?\f0  has established, that all buildings, including, residential buildings, stables, sheds, farmyards were kept in an initial whole kind. Bricks on completely not plastered and \f4\u1085?\u1077?\u1086?\u1073?\u1077?\u1083?\u1105?\u1085?\u1085?\u1099?\u1093?\f0  walls have such density at which nails are hammered into them with the greatest work, thus the most part of them is bent. Apartment houses, switching and ground floors, up to half taking place in the ground, have no also traces of dampness and differ easy, pleasant air. External walls at sheds under limy painting were kept without any damage, and the plaster made both from clay, and from to exhaust, keeps on walls excellently.\f1\par
\f0 The commission, being based on 25-years existence of these constructions and on careful survey, has granted the certificate that \'ab on extreme cheapness, on durability of habitation they can refer to excellent and can be with the big advantage \{benefit\} and benefit to be erected everywhere, even in the places abounding with a natural stone and a timber \'bb.\f1\par
\f0 It was necessary to dig through \f4\u1088?\u1074?\u1099?\f0  and \f4\u1082?\u1072?\u1085?\u1072?\u1074?\u1099?\f0 , to drain a bog. On formed from the taken out ground \f4\u1087?\u1088?\u1080?\u1075?\u1086?\u1088?\u1082?\u1077?\f0  has been erected \f4\u1055?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1072?\u1090?\u1089?\u1082?\u1080?\u1081?\f0  a palace for fabulously short term - three months (from June, 15 till September, 12, 1798). " All structure, - Lvov wrote, - is made of the pure \{clean\} ground, without any impurity and without any other communication \{connection\}, except for floors and a ceiling, special image for that arranged... The Main case, over the base, is constructed all from the ground, filled in portable machine tools, \f4\u1089?\u1085?\u1091?\u1090?\u1088?\u1080?\f0 , outside (except for windows) is not plastered, and \f4\u1079?\u1072?\u1090?\u1077?\u1088?\u1090?\f0  only by the ground \f4\u1089?\u1082?\u1080?\u1087?\u1080?\u1076?\u1072?\u1088?\u1085?\u1086?\u1102? \u1074?\u1086?\u1076?\u1086?\u1102?\f0  ".\f1\par
\f4\u1055?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1072?\u1090? \f0 in Gatchina - one of last creations of Lvov.\f1\par
\f0 Attitudes \{Relations\} with \f4\u1054?\u1073?\u1086?\u1083?\u1100?\u1103?\u1085?\u1080?\u1085?\u1086?\u1074?\u1099?\u1084?\f0 , conceiving suit with \f4\u1051?\u1100?\u1074?\u1086?\u1074?\u1099?\u1084?\f0  for ostensibly spent too much on training of peasants \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1084?\u1091?\f0  to construction of money have become aggravated. \f4\u1041?\u1086?\u1088?\u1086?\u1074?\u1080?\u1095?\u1089?\u1082?\u1080?\u1081?\f0  coal because of stagnancy, inertness and biases, that domestic cannot be better foreign, did not find selling, - hearings as if it \{he\} does not burn were dismissed. (At the same time 54,5 thousand poods of this coal delivered \f4\u1051?\u1100?\u1074?\u1086?\u1074?\u1099?\u1084?\f0  in capital and for the lack of warehouses fallen down on coast of Neva, have lit up - and to extinguish \{put out\} them as tried, could not!) Have ceased to send pupils in school for training \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1086?\u1084?\u1091?\f0  to construction. " About an earthen structure shouted, - the biographer of Lvov wrote in the first quarter of XIX century, - that it is fragile, is unhealthy, and nowadays, i.e. after 25 years, many earthen structures exist without everyone \f4\u1087?\u1086?\u1087?\u1088?\u1072?\u1074?\u1083?\u1077?\u1085?\u1080?\u1103?\f0 , in the perfect integrity ". We shall add, as after 200 years \f4\u1079?\u1077?\u1084?\u1083?\u1077?\u1073?\u1080?\u1090?\u1085?\u1099?\u1081? \u1055?\u1088?\u1080?\u1086?\u1088?\u1072?\u1090?\u1089?\u1082?\u1080?\u1081?\f0  a palace, same Gatchina, costs \{stands\} without attributes \f4\u1086?\u1073?\u1074?\u1077?\u1090?\u1096?\u1072?\u1085?\u1080?\u1103?\f0 , even in spite of the fact that during Great Domestic war in immediate proximity from him \{it\} bombs were torn.\f1\par
\f0 Excitements and failure did not add a life. Often illnesses have joined the other troubles. In December, 1803 Nikolay Aleksandrovich Lvov has died in Moscow. Have buried it \{him\} in them \{him; it\} the erected mausoleum on the native land, in settlement Cherenchitsy-Nikolskoe.\f1\par
\f0 Shortly before death it \{he\} went across Caucasus, surveyed mineral sources and has offered the original project of a water clinic, or as then named, " steam bath ", in a thickness stalactite \f4\u1075?o\u1088?\u1099?\f0 .\f1\par
\pard\sb100\sa100\tx9350\lang1049\b\f2\par
\lang1033\f0 House \f4\u1053?\u1080?\u1082?\u1086?\u1083?\u1072?\u1080? \u1040?\u1083?\u1077?\u1082?\u1089?\u1072?\u1085?\u1076?\u1088?\u1086?\u1074?\u1080?\u1095? \f0 on the Small Native land has equipped with all \lang1049\f3\'ed\'ee\'e2\'f8\'e5\'e2\'f1\'f2\'e2\'e0\'ec\'e8\lang1033\f0 . \f1\par
\f0 From a house the oak avenue conducted to a rotunda to a temple - tomb, put on a hill. \f4\u1042?\u1077?\u1095?\u1077?\u1088?\u1085?\u1077?\f0  the sun gilded a dome and \'ab came in a temple \'bb. \'ab I always a thought \{duma\} to build a temple to the sun, - wrote Nikolay Aleksandrovich, - that the sun in the best part of summer \{years\} descended \{went\} in the house is based \'bb. A temple of Revival - one of the finest rotundas of Russian architecture. In a underground part of her \{it\} there was patrimonial tomb \f4\u1051?\u1100?\u1074?\u1086?\u1074?\u1099?\u1093?\f0 , in a powerful ground floor from dark blocks of a chipped boulder - warm \f4\u1053?\u1080?\u1082?\u1086?\u1083?\u1100?\u1089?\u1082?\u1072?\u1103?\f0  church, above it \{her\} - \f4\u1073?\u1077?\u1079?\u1082?\u1086?\u1083?\u1086?\u1085?\u1085?\u1072?\u1103?\f0  a rotunda - a temple of Revival. This contrast transfers dialectics of a life and death. There is something unsolved in charm of this building, any deep secret of inspiration.\f1\par
\f0 Today\f4  \f0 there has come \{stepped\} time when the positive experience of earthen construction multiplied by\f4  \f0 spiral\f4  \f0 technologies is capable\f4  \f0 to help to solve to citizens, at last, \'ab a room question \'bb.\f1\par
\par
\pard\li360\sb100\sa100\tx9350\f0 Though it \{he\} is taken from the ground and it \{he\} will enter the ground,\f1\par
\f0 But in \f4\u1079?\u1076?\u1072?\u1085?\u1100?\u1103?\u1093?\f0  earthen it \{he\} will eternally live, \f1\par
\pard\sb100\sa100\tx9350\f0 - Wrote about friend Derzhavin, being admired his \{its\} searches\f1\par
\f0 There can be therefore houses from ashes of ancestors wait for us ahead. Parents before to leave, learn the CHILD TO BUILD OF the REINFORCED GROUND AND the SNOW, Instead of TO DESTROY the NATURE and TO CUT DOWN WOODS ON the ZONE.\f6\fs20\par
}